市场竞争加剧与企业价格变动策略

价格变动是企业价格策略的一项重要内容。随着营销环境变化和市场竞争加剧 ,企业必须作出相应的价格变动和调整策略 ,以适应市场竞争的需要 ,提高企业市场竞争力。

不同植物当年生枝叶随时间变化生物量分配和水分含量变动策略

通过连续3个月(6-8月)对9种植物当年生枝叶生物量和水分含量及其相对比例、总叶面积和比叶面积等指标进行比较,分析随时间变化植物当年生枝叶生物量分配和水分含量的变化情况。结果表明,不同植物当年生枝条和叶片形态变化差异显著(P<0.05),在枝叶之间生物量分配比和水分含量比表现出枝条越长,植物个体在枝条和叶片上生物量分配和水分含量差距越小的趋势,反之,则表现为枝条越短,相对比例差距越大的趋势;随时间变化,不同植物当年生枝条、叶片在生物量分配、水分含量及相对比例、总叶面积、比叶面积主要分为4种增长类型:6-8月均无显著差异;7月显著增加(P<0.05);8月显著增加(P<0.05);6-8月逐月显著增加(P<0.05)。可以认为,随时间变化不同植物枝条和叶片的生物量投入和水分保持以及枝条与叶片之间的物质分配权衡关系都在不断发生变化,同时表现出一定的规律性。

《思想品德》课本的有效利用及其开发策略

从事初中《思想品德》教学的老师要关注风云变幻的国际环境、日新月异的国内发展和丰富多彩的学生生活,作者在实际课堂教学中,充分发挥教材＂开放性＂的特点,分别从内容选择、编排、补充、变更上对教材进行主动＂改造＂,以更好地服务于知识传授、品德教育和情感内化,有效提高课堂教学质量。

生计资本视角下农户生计策略变动及影响因素研究——基于CFPS四期追踪数据

农户的生计策略在乡村振兴进程中正在和即将发生变化。只有对农户生计策略的变化做出正确的判断,才能够有效引导农户生计行为,破除乡村建设行动的各种阻力。基于可持续生计理论,利用CFPS四期追踪数据,运用转移概率矩阵和Logit回归模型,分析农户生计策略变动及其影响因素,并运用分位数回归方法验证稳健性。结果表明,不同生计策略农户的生计资本结构存在差异,无论何种生计策略的农户,人力资本在5种资本中都最大。短期内多数农户选择维持原有生计策略,动态调整过程较慢,有土地转入的农户更倾向于选择非务工型生计策略。社会资本对农户趋务工型策略变动具有显著的正向影响,农户受教育年限和健康对生计策略变动具有正向影响。与东部地区农户相比,中西部地区农户更倾向于选择务工型生计策略。因此,应加大农村产业多样化的投入力度,促进农户策略转变速度;鼓励农民参与土地流转;建立健全农户参与农村基层社会治理机制,推动农户社会资本积累;扩大对农村教育与医疗的投入力度。

Simulation of automobile fuel consumption and emissions for various driver's manual shifting habits

The effects of different habits of the drivers on gear shifting strategies for manual powertrain were investigated. For the realization of simulation, the shifting habits of the drivers were conducted in the Advisor software to investigate and compare the emission rates. Simulation was developed based on the optimal gear shifting strategy and criteria and was validated both in fuel economy and emissions by analyzing the results in the various driving cycle and driving styles. To explore an optimal gear shifting strategy with best fuel economy and lowest emission for a manual transmission, a strategy was designed with a highest possible gear criterion as long as the torque requirement can be satisfied. Based on two different criteria, namely the engine working conditions and the driver's intention, the governing parameters in decision making for gear shifting of manual transmission in conventional engine were discussed. It is also shown that the optimum gear shifting strategy is based on that both the engine state and the driver's intention eliminates unnecessary shiftings that are present when the intention is overlooked. The optimum shifting habit and the best driving cycle in terms of minimum emissions and fuel consumption were proposed.

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in Kenya

To determine the climate changes that are due to natural variability and those due to human activities is quite challenging,just like delineating the impacts.Moreover,it is equally difficult to ascertain the adaptive strategies for coping with the climate changes and in particular for developing countries like Kenya.While climate change is a global phenomenon,the impacts are more or less specific to local areas such as observed in Kenyan case.Therefore climate change impacts adaptation strategies are appropriately applicable to a given local perspective.The study investigated the main indicators of climate change and effective adaptive strategies that can be employed in Kenya.Based on online questionnaire survey,the study established unpredictable rainfall patterns as the major indicator of climate change in the country,while water harvesting and change of cropping methods are the best adaptive strategies.