基于数据仓库的变化维度的研究

基于数据仓库和维度建模技术,对变化维度的分类和实现方式做了介绍,最后通过一个实例说明变化维度实现的方式.

从生物学高考试题看对考生能力测量维度的新变化

本文通过对2014年全国高考理综卷2道生物学试题的评析,指出试题的新靓点、对考生能力测量维度的新变化及对教学的启示。

领域变化性分类与控制机制研究

客观世界存在的变化性以及用户的个性化需求 ,要求软件系统具有足够的灵活性 .本文提出了一个开放的变化性控制框架 ,从组织机构、功能、数据、表示和过程连接等五个维度讨论了变化性出现的根源、变化性表现形式、变化性控制机制和实现技术 ,提供了一个系统化的变化性解决方案 .并以商业领域应用软件开发平台的实践为例 。

基于转移概率随机模拟的DNAPL运移二维和三维数值模拟对比研究

非均质介质的空间维度变化对重非水相流体(DNAPL)的运移具有重要的影响。在充分考虑地质体的空间连续性、不对称性以及各向异性等特征的基础上,采用基于马尔可夫链的转移概率(transition probability)模型来构建非均质随机场。该文通过TMVOC-MP软件来模拟DNAPL在非均质介质中的运移规律,探讨非均质随机场的水平空间连续性、空间维度变化以及侧向运移过程对DNAPL运移的影响。结果表明,介质的水平空间连续性越好,DNAPL在水平方向的迁移范围越大,在垂向的迁移范围越小;相比于三维模型,二维模型中DNAPL在水平方向的展布更大、在透镜体上的蓄积量更多,在实际应用中以二维模型代替三维模型会加大模拟结果与实际污染情况之间的误差;侧向运移过程削弱了单个平面的非均质性对DNAPL运移的控制,当存在侧向运移时,DNAPL绕过透镜体所运移的距离以及在透镜体上的蓄积量会相应减小。

“主动治理、未诉先办”的逻辑要义

“主动治理、未诉先办”始于居民诉求,又要超越居民诉求,其核心是多层次治理主体在党的领导之下通过对话、协商、谈判、信任、合作和共同行动,推动解决超大城市治理中的民生棘手难题,本质上是实现以人民为中心的超大城市治理创新。结合北京市的治理实践,可以从系统、空间、时间、变化和互动5个维度来理解“主动治理、未诉先办”的核心要义。

新一代报表服务器Reporting Services实践探讨

探讨了微软公司新一代报表服务器Reporting Services在项目实践中常用的大型报表分页、多数据源使用技术,研究多参数复杂报表的构建。在多个报表有一定规律及复杂程度高时,为了得到良好的扩展和可变更能力,结合Reporting Services与OLAP、SQL数据库进行综合应用。

对数据仓库中迟到数据的研究

在过去的十年,有越来越多的企业开始建造自己的数据仓库。由于数据源的各种原因,数据可能会晚于预期加载到数据仓库中。来自数据源的迟到数据会使得对应的报表和分析变得不正确,同时由于对迟到数据的处理会对数据仓库的日常加载产生很大的影响。介绍在数据仓库中两类迟到数据(维度表和事实表迟到数据)及其处理方法。特别针对周期性快照事实表,提出删除后插入(DELETE-THEN-INSERT)和截除后插入(TRUNCATE-THEN-INSERT)两种刷新数据的方法,并用实验论证了两种方法的特点和适用范围。最后针对截除后插入的方法提出了进一步的方案以提高刷新数据的效率和可用性。

一种基于佳点集原理与引力搜索的新型蜻蜓算法

为改进标准蜻蜓算法(DA)存在的收敛质量不高、全局寻优能力欠佳、易陷入局部最优等问题,利用基于佳点集原理的方法初始化种群,将其与万有引力搜索算法(GSA)结合,改进步长更新公式,并引入考虑维度变化的更新全局最优解方法,提出一种新的改进蜻蜓算法(DGSDA)。通过对10个测试函数的测试结果表明,改进后的DGSDA收敛速度快,全局寻优能力强,寻优精度高。

大数据背景下中职学校档案管理与创新

随着信息技术的发展,大数据被广泛应用于各类行业,并逐渐成为一种常态。中职学校的档案管理在大数据时代背景下,需要改变传统的管理理念和模式,利用大数据的优势来优化服务流程,提升服务效率。只是对于中职学校而言,创新档案管理模式有一定难度。本文就大数据背景下中职学校档案管理的纬度变化和创新对策等方面,简要阐述如何利用大数据的优势进行档案管理的创新。

Changes in permafrost environments caused by construction and maintenance of Qinghai-Tibet Highway

The sideward permafrost along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway (QTH) contains massive ground-ice and is at a relatively high temperature.Under the influence of the steady increase of human activities,the permafrost environment has been changed greatly for a long time.At present,the permafrost becomes warm and rapidly degenerates,including the decline of the permafrost table,rising of the ground temperature,shortening of the length of frozen section,and extension of range of melting region.Some thaw hazards (e.g.thaw slumping and thermokarst pond) have widely occurred along both sides of the roadbed.In addition,due to the incomplete construction management,the vegetation adjacent to the highway is seriously damaged or eradicated,resulting in the land desertification and ecosystem out of balance.The dust,waste and garbage brought by drivers,passengers,maintenance workers,and transportations may also pollute the permafrost environment.

基于日涨跌率推动的股指序列建模和实证分析

为了更好地拟合原始股指序列,以信息流的驱使推进股指序列,在以交易时间或日历时间为推进进程的原始股指序列的基础上,重新构造基于日涨跌率的新的序列,并通过对其进行误差自回归分析来建立AR-GARCH模型。实证分析表明,相对于原始股指序列,用新序列预测的误差明显缩小,因此通过日涨跌率这一信息流维度变化思想重构股指序列的方法是可行、有效的。

The Marine Dynamics and Changing Trend off the Modern Yellow River Mouth

Topography around the Yellow River mouth has changed greatly in recent years, but studies on the current state of ma- rine dynamics off the Yellow River mouth are relatively scarce. This paper uses a two-dimension numerical model （MIKE 21） to reveal the tidal and wave dynamics in 2012, and conducts comparative analysis of the changes from 1996 to 2012. The results show that M2 amphidromic point moved southeastward by 11 kin. It further reveals that the tides around the Yellow River mouth are relatively stable due to the small variations in the tidal constituents. Over the study period, there is no noticeable change in the distribution of tidal types and tidal range, and the mean tidal range off the river mouth during the period studied is 0.5-1.1 m. However, the tidal currents changed greatly due to large change in topography. It is observed that the area with strong tidal currents shifted from the old river mouth （1976-1996） to the modem river mouth （1996-present）. While the tidal current speeds decreased continually off the old river mouth, they increased off the modem river mouth. The Maximum Tidal Current Speed （MTCS） reached 1.4 m s-1, and the maximum current speed of 50-year return period reached 2.8 m s-1. Waves also changed greatly due to change in topography. The significant wave height （H1/3） of 50-year return period changed proportionately with the water depth, and the ratio of Hi/3 to depth being 0.4-0.6. H1/3 of the 50-year return period in erosion zone increased continually with increasing water depth, and the rate of change varied between 0.06 and 0.07myr-1. Based on the results of this study, we infer that in the future, the modem river mouth will protrude gradually northward, while the erosion zone, comprising the old river mouth and area between the modern river mouth and the old river mouth （Intermediate region） will continue to erode. As the modem river mouth protrudes towards the sea, there will be a gradual increase in the current speed and decrease in wave height. Conversely, the old river mouth will retreat, with gradual decrease in current speed and increase in wave height. As more coastal constructions spring up around the Yellow River mouth in the future, we recommend that variation in hydrodynamics over time should be taken into consideration when designing such coastal constructions.

Effects of oxidation treatment on properties of SiO_(2f)/SiO_2-BN composites

The silica fiber reinforced silica and boron nitride-based composites （SiO2f/SiO2-BN） were prepared firstly via the sol-gel method and then the urea route, and the effects of oxidation treatment on the component, structure, mechanical and dielectric properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the oxidation treatment at 450 ℃ will not impair the structure of boron nitride, and carbon is the main impurity with the excessive urea. The density of SiO2f/SiO2-BN composites is 1.81 g/cm3, and the flexural strength and elastic modulus are 113.9 MPa and 36.5 GPa, respectively. After oxidation treatment, the density varies to 1.80 g/cm3, and the flexural strength and elastic modulus are decreased to 58.9 MPa and 9.4 GPa, respectively. The mechanical properties of the composites are severely damaged, but they still exhibit a good toughness. The composites show excellent dielectric properties with the dielectric constant and loss tangent being 3.22 and 0.003 9, respectively, which indicates that the oxidation treatment is ineffective to improve the dielectric properties of SiOzf/SiO2-BN composites.

How similar are annual and summer temperature variability in central Sweden?

Tree-ring based temperature reconstructions have successfully inferred the past inter-annual to millennium scales summer temperature variability. A clear relationship between annual and summer temperatures can provide insights into tile variability of past annual mean tem- perature from the reconstructed summer temperature. However, how similar are summer and annual temperatures is to a large extent still unknown. This study aims at investigating the relationship between annual and summer temperatures at different timescales in central Sweden during the last millennium. The temperature variability in central Sweden can represent large parts of Scandinavia which has been a key region for dendroclimatological research. The observed annual and summer temperatures during 1901-2005 were firstly decomposed into different frequency bands using ensemble empirical mode decomposition （EEMD） method, and then the scale-dependent relationship was quantified using Pearson correlation coefficients. The relationship between the observed annual and summer temperatures determined by the instrumental data was subsequently used to evaluate 7 climate models. The model with the best performance was used to infer the relationship for the last millennium. The results show that the relationship between the observed annual and summer temperatures becomes stronger as the timescale increases, except for the 4--16 years timescales at which it does not show any relationship. The summer temperature variability at short timescales （2--4 years） shows much higher variance than the annual variability, while the annual temperature variability at long timescales （〉32 years） has a much higher variance than the summer one. During the last millennium, the simulated summer temperature also shows higher variance at the short timescales （2-4 years） and lower variance at the long timescales （〉1024 years） than those of the annual temperature. The relationship between the two temperatures is generally close at the long timescales, and weak at the short timescales. Overall the summer temperature variability cannot well reflect the annual mean temperature variability for the study region during both the 20th century and the last millennium. Furthermore, all the climate models examined overestimate the annual mean temperature variance at the 2--4 years timescales, which indicates that the overestimate could be one of reasons why the volcanic eruption induced cooling is larger in climate models than in proxy data.

Sea surface temperature evolution in the western South China Sea since MIS 12 as evidenced by planktonic foraminiferal assemblages and Globigerinoides ruber Mg/Ca ratio

Based on the detailed planktonic foraminifera faunal count and Globigerinoides ruber Mg/Ca ratio analysis of Core MD05-2901,we reconstructed the longest Mg/Ca sea surface temperature(SST) sequence of the upwelling area off Vietnam in the western South China Sea(SCS).Ocean environment,especially the SST variation,over the last 450 ka is discussed in this study.SST variation has typical glacial/interglacial alternations from 23.03°C to 29.93°C with a glacial/interglacial difference of 4.8°C on average.SST during the interglacial periods fluctuates significantly,up to 5.6°C,which is larger than the average glacial/interglacial difference.SST variation during the glacial periods is much smaller.Spectrum analysis shows that SST change dominates on the typical Milankovitch cycles,such as 112,40.7 and 23.6 ka.Evident leading of SST variation against the δ 18 O can be observed during the Terminations 1,4,and 5,which is confirmed by their cross-spectrum analysis on these cycles.MD05-2901 is the first core in the South China Sea that has multi-SST records,such as SST Mg/Ca,k' 37 U-SST and planktonic foraminiferal fauna-based SST.SSTs from different methods can be correlated with each other in glacial/interglacial time scale,whereas SST Mg/Ca records abrupt climate change events more clearly.SST Mg/Ca at MD05-2901 since MIS 5 is 0.6°C lower than that of the southern SCS on average,but equivalent to or even 2°C lower than that of the northern SCS during some interglacial period.The SST character of MD05-2901 reflects less influence of latitude,but an important role of the regional upwelling driven by the eastern Asian summer monsoon,and suggests a stronger upwelling during the interglacial periods in the western SCS.

Paleotemperature variations at Lake Caohai, southwestern China, during the past 500 years:Evidence from combined δ^(18)O analysis of cellulose and carbonates

The oxygen isotopic values of aquatic plant cellulose and carbonates in Lake Caohai sediments were measured using a continuous flow isotopic ratio mass spectrometer(CF-IRMS).Because of predictable oxygen isotopic fractionation between cellulose and its source water,the oxygen isotopic composition of paleo-lake water has been established quantitatively.Combined oxygen isotopic values of cellulose and carbonates were used in the‘Craig’equation to determine paleotemperatures and their variation in the lake during the past 500 years.Results show that the paleotemperature trend correlates well with meteorological records from Weining.There are four notable cold intervals at Lake Caohai over the past 500 years,namely 1540–1570AD,1670–1715AD,1780–1870AD and 1900–1930AD,and the former three cold intervals have been observed in the conventional Little Ice Age(LIA).These cold periods at Lake Caohai correspond well with those recorded from tree ring,peat,and ice core data from adjacent regions,particularly temperature those inferred fromδ18O of peat cellulose from Hongyuan Southwestern China.The trend in paleotemperature variations at Lake Caohai are also consistent with both the change of Indian summer monsoon,derived fromδ18O values of a stalagmite in Dongge,and a recorded shift in solar activity.The findings of this study illustrate that coupled analysis ofδ18O values of cellulose and carbonates from lake sediments may be used as a paleotemperature proxy.These results also provide further evidence of the existence of LIA in southwestern China.

On high-dimensional change point problem

New statistics are proposed to estimate and test the structural change when the data dimension is comparable to or larger than the sample size. Consistency of the new statistic in estimating the change point position is established under the alternative hypothesis. The asymptotic distribution of the new statistic in testing the existence of a change point is obtained under the null hypothesis. Some simulation results are presented which show that the numerical performance of our method is satisfactory. The method is illustrated via the analysis of the house price index of US.

A review of 20 years of naive tests of significance for high-dimensional mean vectors and covariance matrices

We introduce the so-called naive tests and give a brief review of the new developments. Naive testing methods are easy to understand and perform robustly, especially when the dimension is large. We focus mainly on reviewing some naive testing methods for the mean vectors and covariance matrices of high-dimensional populations, and we believe that this naive testing approach can be used widely in many other testing problems.

Numerical simulation study of temperature change over East China in the past millennium

Despite many studies on reconstructing the climate changes over the last millennium in China,the cause of the China's climate change remains unclear.We used the UVic Earth System Climate Model(UVic Model),an Earth system model of intermediate complexity,to investigate the contributions of climate forcings(e.g.solar insolation variability,anomalous volcanic aerosols,greenhouse gas,solar orbital change,land cover changes,and anthropogenic sulfate aerosols) to surface air temperature over East China in the past millennium.The simulation of the UVic Model could reproduce the three main characteristic periods(e.g.the Medieval Warm Period(MWP),the Little Ice Age(LIA),and the 20th Century Warming Period(20CWP)) of the northern hemisphere and East China,which were consistent with the corresponding reconstructed air temperatures at century scales.The simulation result reflected that the air temperature anomalies of East China were larger than those of the global air temperature during the MWP and the first half of 20CWP and were lower than those during the LIA.The surface air temperature of East China over the past millennium has been divided into three periods in the MWP,four in the LIA,and one in the 20CWP.The MWP of East China was caused primarily by solar insolation and secondarily by volcanic aerosols.The variation of the LIA was dominated by the individual sizes of the contribution of solar insolation variability,greenhouse gas,and volcano aerosols.Greenhouse gas and volcano aerosols were the main forcings of the third and fourth periods of the LIA,respectively.We examined the nonlinear responses among the natural and anthropogenic forcings in terms of surface air temperature over East China.The nonlinear responses between the solar orbit change and anomalous volcano aerosols and those between the greenhouse gases and land cover change(or anthropogenic sulfate aerosols) all contributed approximately 0.2℃ by the end of 20th century.However,the output of the energy-moisture balance atmospheric model from UVic showed no obvious nonlinear responses between anthropogenic and natural forcings.The nonlinear responses among all the climate forcings(both anthropogenic and natural forcings) contributed to a temperature increase of approximately 0.27℃ at the end of the 20th century,accounting for approximately half of the warming during this period;the remainder was due to the climate forcings themselves.