变异带环冠防治后牙纵折

变异带环冠防治后牙纵折高小燕王凤仙李南德夏宁（湖北医科大学口腔医学院修复科４３００７０）保护和延长天然牙的使用寿命是我们口腔医务工作者的共同责任。许多学者认为：牙折已成为仅次于龋病和牙周病的第三大疾病。因此，防治牙齿折裂显得尤其重要。本文主要从修复学...

非同步生长群体内泳带变异的群体遗传研究

探讨了非同步生长群体内蛋白质水平电泳可测的遗传变异问题。以中性等位基因梯段突变模型为基础,推导出非同步生长群体内期望等位基因数分布,并据此给出了该类群体电泳可测的有效等位基因数.平均等位基因数及样本中的相异等位基因期望数等遗传参数的■论公式。结果表明,保存于非同步生长群体内蛋白质水平的遗传变异量,大于同步生长群体内的相应的量。

变异量子粒子群优化算法在系统辨识中的应用

为了增加全局搜索能力,避免陷入局部最小,在量子粒子群优化算法(QPSO)中引入变异机制,即基于QPSO的特点,用Cauchy分布分别对全局最优和所有个体极值的平均值进行变异。该算法称为带变异算子的量子粒子群优化算法(MQPSO)。通过对一典型的大海捞针类(NiH)问题的试验,证明了MQPSO在全局优化和快速收敛能力上有较大的提高。在此基础上将该算法应用于系统参数辨识中,辨识结果表明该方法具有参数辨识精度高,抗噪声能力强,对输入信号通用性强,也适用于非线性系统参数辫识,具有重要的工程应用价值。

安徽省重力异常特征分区与地质构造单元划分

本文从安徽省区域重力异常入手,依据大地构造分区的地质矿产要素进行对应分析,建立了不同级别大地构造分区的重磁异常标志及其边界特征,最后对各重力异常分区的地质解释进行了总体归纳。

南岭中段北缘深部构造—岩浆(岩)控矿规律及找矿方向

根据华南地区最新地球物理资料,研究了南岭中段主要深断裂及隐伏花岩带的分布特征,对深部构造!岩浆(岩)控矿规律有了一些新的认识。提出大型"超大型矿床主要受大义山郴州—大宝山北西向隐伏构造带控制,指出了找矿方向。

Microstructure of asymmetric twin-roll cast AZ31 magnesium alloy

The microstructural distribution along thickness of asymmetric twin-roll cast AZ31 magnesium alloy slab was investigated. It was found that the microstructure along the thickness of the slab was significantly inhomogeneous. There were many deformed bands with flow form near the upper surface of twin-roll cast plate. Very few deformed bands could be seen in the central part of the plate where the dendrites were thick. Fine dendritic structures dominated near the lower surface of the twin-roll cast strip. It is concluded that the shear strain caused by linear velocity difference between surfaces of upper and lower rolls results in the deformed bands of the twin-roll cast slab. Aluminum, zinc and manganese segregate to the boundary of dendrites, while silicon distributes inside the α-Mg solid solution.

应用区域地球物理资料探讨大别山地区地质构造

大别山地区是一地球物理场变异带,大别隆起的北界是桐柏—晓天断裂系,南界是桐柏—浠水断裂系,东界是郯庐断裂系,三个壳型断裂所围截的“V”形三角地块呈—北厚南薄的楔形变质地块,楔于东秦岭褶皱带中。区内主要金银多金属矿产,受桐柏—晓天断裂系和桐柏—浠水断裂系的控制,桐柏—大悟—圻春为—含金聚矿构造带。

棉属A染色体组种子蛋白质Disc电泳分析研究Ⅱ．G．亚洲棉

本试验采用Ｄｉｓｃ电泳法对棉属亚洲棉（Ｇ．ａｒｂｏｒｅｕｍ）的１４４个品系进行了研究。从试验结果可以看出，亚洲棉参试品系的种子蛋白质带型存在着明显变异，根据其带型差异，将它们划分为１５个组。来源于中国的参试品系分布于５个组中，来源于巴基斯坦的品系分布于６个组中，而来源于印度的品系变异类型最多，分布于１３个组中，这一结果支持了印度是亚洲棉的原始中心的观点。文章还对亚洲棉参试品系的地理分布进行了讨论，并与同处于Ａ染色体组的棉属草棉（Ｇ．

Spatial and Temporal Variability of Water Vapor Content during 1961-2011 in Tianshan Mountains,China

Based on the climate factors data and surface vapor pressure （SVP） data of 44 weather stations in Tianshan Mountains during the years 1961-2011, this paper establishes a water vapor content （WVC） estimation model according to the relationship between monthly WVC of radiosonde and corresponding SVP and analyzes the spatial and temporal variability of WVC and their causes. The results show that the WVC is linearly and negatively related to the elevation and longitude （Vertical zonality and Longitude zonality）, while it was not linearly related to the latitude. The westerly wind, geographical situation and sea level elevation composed complex surface conditions to influence the spatial distribution of WVC in the Tianshan Mountains. The Mann-Kendall （M-K） statistical test shows a significant increasing trend in the mean annual WVC in Tianshan Mountains during 1961- 2011（P 〈 0.001）, with a rate of 0.23 mm/decade, and indicates an abrupt turning point in 1985 （P.〈0.001）. Correlation analysis shows that the WVC are significantly correlated to the temperature, especially during the winter, but the summer WVC are significantly correlated to the precipitation. In addition, the North Atlantic Oscillation Index （NAOI） and the Arctic Oscillation Index （AOI） are significantly correlated to the winter WVC in the Tianshan Mountains. As a new Microwave radiometric profilers （MWRPs） instrument, the MP- 3000A provides continuous, real-time and high temporal resolution atmospheric profiles up to 10 km. In order to monitor water vapor and atmosphere profiles in Tianshan Mountains, an MP-3000A was established in Urumqi （43.8°N, 87.58°N） in May 2008. The results indicated that the MP-3oooA was applicable to this area, and the evolutionary process of water vapor and the WVC peak values of MP- 3000A were a strong signal for rainstorm and flood forecasts for Urumqi and the Tianshan Mountains.

Simplified Method of Valence Band Offset Calculation at Strained Layer Heterojunction

The average bond energy method is popularized and applied to study band offsets at strained layer heterojunctions. By careful examination of hydrostatic and uniaxial strain actions on the band offset parameter Emv,it is found that the average band offset parameter Emv,av=Em-Ev, av remains basically unchanged under different strain conditions. Therefore, provided the band offset parameter before strain Emv,0 of bulk material is calculated, and the experiment values of deformation potential b and spin-orbit （SO） splitting energy △0 are quoted, the Emv at strained layer can be obtained by a simple and convenient algebraic calculation. Thus the valence band offset △Ev at strained layer heterojunction can also be predicted conveniently. This simplified calculation method is characterized by decreased calculation amount and increased conviction due to use as many as possible the experiment values.

Study on Valence Band Offsets atStrained Heterojunctions

A method, which can predict the valence band offsets at strained layer heterojunctions under different strain situations only by calculating band structures and deformation parameters of the bulk materials, is suggested. The applicability of this method is verified by calculation of the valence band offsets at strained layer heterojuntions ,such as InP/InAs, InP/GaP, GaAs/InAs, GaP/GaAs and AlAs/InAs with various strain conditions.

Variability of Phytic Acid and Inorganic Phosphorus Contents in Seeds of Tropical Maize （Zea mays L.）

The correlation coefficients and scattering were studied in Ki and new inbred lines for phytic acid （PA） and inorganic phosphorus content （InP） content in seeds of tropical maize （Zea mays L.）. The understanding of the variability in PA and InP characters would be useful in a breeding program. A total of 16 Ki and 25 new inbred lines of tropical maize were planted in Completely Randomized Design （CRD） during late rainy season, 2007 to early rainy season, 2009 at Inseechandrastitya Institute for Crops Research and Development, Thailand. The result showed low correlation with no statistical significant between PA and InP contents in corn seeds performed either in different sources of inbred lines or years. For PA content, most of inbred lines were skewed toward high PA （〉 900 mg/100 g） both in Ki and new inbred lines in every year. The lowest PA value found in Ki inbred lines both in two years were Ki10, Ki15, Ki20, and Ki52.30A10-S11-43-1-3 was the lowest PA inbred lines observing in two years in new germplasm.

Geographical Variation in Oligochaete Density and Biomass in Subtropical Mangrove Wetlands of China

Oligochaetes play an important role in nutrient cycling and energy flow in benthic food webs as well as in mangrove wetlands. However, they have not been as extensively studied as other macrofaunal groups such as polychaetes, gastropods, bivalves, and crustaceans. Under the assumption that oligochaete density and biomass obey specific geographical distribution patterns in subtropical mangrove wetlands of China, we investigated these two parameters in the Luoyang Estuary of Quanzhou Bay, Zhangjiang Estuary and Gaoqiao mangrove wetlands. A geographical gradient in oligochaete density was present in Aegiceras corniculatum and Kandelia obovata habitats, whereby it decreased from lower latitudes to higher latitudes. Further, ANOVA tests on oligochaete distribution revealed that both oligochaete density and biomass were significantly influenced by region, season and region × season at the A. corniculatum and K. obovata habitats. The annual average oligochaete density and biomass at the A. corniculatum habitat were higher than that at the K. obovata habitat, in both the Luoyang and Zhangjiang estuaries. There were significant correlations between oligochaete density and biomass and sediment particle size parameters, confirming that sand, silt, and clay contents were the key environmental factors affecting oligochaete distribution.

Applications of variogram modeling to electrical resistivity data for the occurrence and distribution of saline groundwater in Domail Plain,northwestern Himalayan fold and thrust belt,Pakistan

This paper studies electrical resistivity dataset acquired for a groundwater study in the Domail Plain in the northwestern Himalayan section of Pakistan. Through a combination of geostatistical analysis,geophysical inversion and visualization techniques,it is possible to re-model and visualize the single dimension resistivity data into 2D and 3D space.The variogram models are utilized to extend the interpretation of the data and to distinguish individual lithologic units and the occurrence of saline water within the subsurface. The resistivity data has been calibrated with the lithological logs taken from the available boreholes. As such the alluvial system of the Domail Plain has formed during episodes of local tectonic activity with fluvial erosion and depositionyielding coarse sediments with high electrical resistivities near to the mountain ranges and finer sediments with medium to low electrical resistivities which tend to settle in the basin center. Thus a change is depositional setting happened from basin lacustrine environment to flash flooding during the Himalayan orogeny. The occurrence of rock salt in the northern mountains has imparted a great influence on the groundwater quality of the study area. The salt is dissolved by water which infiltrates into the subsurface through the water channels. Variogram aided gridding of resistivity data helps to identify the occurrence and distribution of saline water in the subsurface.

Geographical Variants of the Siberian Alpine Vegetation for the ＂Circum-Boreal Vegetation Map＂

The vegetation cover in highlands is rather peculiar and complicated in its structure. The experience gained in mapping of alpine vegetation shows that the schematic small-scale maps reflect only the very common features. In boreal forest mountains of Siberia there are four systems of alpine vegetation including alpine-meadow, goltsy-tundra, island near the Pacific Ocean and tundra-steppe ones. Every system is represented by several geographical variants, characterized by regional phytogeographical peculiar features of this vegetation. The geographical variant includes a number of altitudinal belts （zones）, each of them has its floristic peculiarities and complexes of plant formations （for instance, Altai-Sayan variant composes of subalpine-alpine-subnival-nival belts）. Such geographical variants of alpine vegetation may be indicated as chorological units on a new Circum-Boreal Vegetation Map. Under discussion is the possible use of ecological-geographical approach to reflect the alpine vegetation as chorological （structural） units of the vegetation cover being exemplified by high mountains of the Siberia. This map may be more informative in terms of regional peculiarities in alpine vegetation within the boreal biome.

The Distribution and Variability of Simulated Chlorophyll Concentration over the Tropical Indian Ocean from Five CMIP5 Models

Performances of 5 models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) in simulating the chloro-phyll concentration over the tropical Indian Ocean are evaluated. Results show that these models are able to capture the dominant spatial distribution of observed chlorophyll concentration and reproduce the maximum chlorophyll concentration over the western part of the Arabian Sea, around the tip of the Indian subcontinent, and in the southeast tropical Indian Ocean. The seasonal evolution of chlorophyll concentration over these regions is also reproduced with significant amplitude diversity among models. All of 5 mod-els is able to simulate the interannual variability of chlorophyll concentration. The maximum interannual variation occurs at the same regions where the maximum climatological chlorophyll concentration is located. Further analysis also reveals that the Indian Ocean Dipole events have great impact on chlorophyll concentration in the tropical Indian Ocean. In the general successful simulation of chlorophyll concentration, most of the CMIP5 models present higher than normal chlorophyll concentration in the eastern equatorial Indian Ocean.

The Genetic Variances for the Phytic Acid and Inorganic Phosphorus Contents of Elite Inbred Lines in Tropical Maize

The study aimed to determine the genetic variances of phytic acid （myo-inositol 1,2,3,4,5,6 hexakis-dihydrogen phosphate） （PA） and inorganic phosphorus contents （InP） in grains of tropical maize （Zea mays L.）. The understanding of genetic variances in PA and InP in tropical maize would be useful for breeding management in tropical region. A total of 16 Ki inbred lines and 26 new inbred lines of tropical maize were planted in Completely Randomized Design （CRD） on the dry season 2008 at lnseechandrastitya Institute for Crops Research and Development, Thailand. The results showed that genotypic differences were highly significant （P 〈 0.01） for InP in both sources of germplasm, but genotype effect only was found significant in new inbred lines for PA content. The values for broad sense heritability （h2b） was generally lower on PA in maize grains compared with InP both in Ki and new inbred lines [h^2b of PA： 2.42 （Ki）, 14.18 （commercial hybrid extracted）; h^2b of InP： 32 （Ki） and 29.53 （commercial hybrid extracted）].

Variations of shear wave splitting in the 2013 Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake region

In this paper, variations of shear wave splitting in the 2013 Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake sequence were studied. By analyzing shear wave particle motion of local events in the shear wave window, the fast polarization directions and the delay time between fast and slow shear waves were derived from seismic recordings at eight stations on the southern segment of the Longmenshan fault zone. In the study region, the fast polarization directions show partition characteristics from south to north. And the systematic changes of the time delays between two split shear waves were also observed. As for spatial distribution, the NE fast polarization directions are consistent with the Longmenshan fault strike in the south of focal region, whereas the NW fast direction is parallel to the direction of regional principal compressive stress in the north of focal region. Stations BAX and TQU are respectively located on the Central and Front-range faults, and because of the direct influence of these faults, the fast directions at both stations show particularity. In time domain, after the main shock, the delay times at stations increased rapidly, and decreased after a period of time. Shear-wave splitting was caused mostly by stress-aligned microcracks in rock below the stations. The results demonstrate changes of local stress field during the main shock and the aftershocks. The stress on the Lushan Ms7.0 earthquake region increased after the main shock, with the stress release caused by the aftershocks and the stress reduced in the late stage.

Pan-Asian monsoon and its definition,principal modes of precipitation,and variability features

Here we propose a new concept,the Pan-Asian monsoon,and use empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis and linear regression approach to define it and to analyze the monsoon-related rainfall variability.The Pan-Asian monsoon is referred to as the monsoon occurred over the great region (60°E-140°E,10°S-35°N),consisting of the Indian monsoon,Southeast Asian monsoon,East Asian monsoon,and Western North Pacific monsoon.The Pan-Asian monsoon region is the principal region of the summer rainfall over the Asian-Pacific monsoon region and is also water vapor channel connecting several Asian-Pacific sub-monsoon systems.The first EOF mode of the Pan-Asian monsoon precipitation (PAMP_F) shows a meridional tripole pattern with more (less) rainfall zonal belt over the Bay of Bengal (BOB),the Indo-China Peninsula,South China,the South China Sea (SCS),Philippines and the Philippine Sea,and less (more) rainfall on both sides.The first rainfall mode is associated with the weakened Somali cross-equatorial flows,enhanced southerly over the eastern coast of Australia,and strengthened westerly over the tropical Pacific.The first EOF rainfall mode shows a close relationship with the simultaneous El Nio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Pacific South America (PSA).The preceding spring and simultaneous summer Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) in the western Hemisphere (AAO in Pacific) has a connection with the first summer rainfall mode of the Pan-Asian monsoon.Because the main influence factors are over the Pacific,the first rainfall mode is named as the Pacific mode.The second mode of the Pan-Asian monsoon precipitation (PAMP_S) shows a dipole pattern from northeast to southwest,which is associated with the weakened Somali cross-equatorial flows,enhanced easterlies over the Maritime Continent,and weak easterly over the tropical Pacific.The second rainfall model has a close relationship with the atmospheric convection activity and the sea surface temperature variability over the Maritime Continent and South Indian Ocean.Because the influence factors are mainly over the eastern Hemisphere,the second rainfall mode of the Pan-Asian monsoon is named as the Indian Ocean mode.

Inter- and intraspecific variability of plant individual growth and its role on species ranking in grasslands

Aims Individual growth constitutes a major component of individual fitness.However,measuring growth rates of herbaceous plants non-destructively at the individual level is notoriously difficult.This study,based on an accurate non-destructive method of aboveground biomass estimation,aims to assess individual relative growth rates(RGRs)of some species,identify its environmental drivers and test its consequences on community patterning.We specifically address three questions:(i)to what extent environmental conditions explain differences in individual plant growth between sites,(ii)what is the magnitude of intraspecific variability of plant individual growth within and between sites and(iii)do species-averaged(dis-)advantage of individual growth compared with the whole vegetation within a site correlate with species ranking at the community level?Methods We monitored the growth of individuals of four common perennial species in 18 permanent grasslands chosen along a large pedoclimatic gradient located in the Massif Central,France.We measured soil properties,levels of resources and meteorological parameters to characterize environmental conditions at the site level.This design enables us to assess the influence of environmental conditions on individual growth and the relative extent of inter-individual variability of growth explained within and between sites.We determined the ranking of each of the four species in each site with botanical surveys to assess the relationship between species-averaged growth(dis-)advantage relative to the whole community and species rank in the community.Important Findings We found that environmental conditions explain a significant proportion of individual growth variability,and that this proportion is strongly variable between species.Light availability was the main driver of plant growth,followed by rainfall amount and potential evapotranspiration,while soil properties had only a slight effect.We further highlighted a moderate to high within-site inter-individual variability of growth.We finally showed that there was no correlation between species ranking and species-averaged individual growth.