火炬松不同种源纸浆材材性的变异(英文)

1983年火炬松31个种源引种栽培在浙江富阳中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所实验林场,研究表明该批种源间10年生树木生长量和纸浆材材性因子如晚材率、管胞形态特征值(管胞长度、宽度、腔径、壁厚、长宽比、腔径比、壁腔比)、管胞S2层微纤丝角和木材基本密度存在着显著差异,木材主要化学成分中纤维素和木素含量种源间存在着显著差异,而戊聚糖和苯醇浸提物含量种源间差异不显著。这些材性特征除了木材化学性状因子外,均受中等以上程度遗传控制。木材纤维素、木素、戊聚糖和苯醇浸提物含量的广义遗传力分别为0.088、0.003、0.340和0.307,其余性状广义遗传力均大于0.50。引种地栽培环境对木材性状有显著影响。种源原产地纬度与树木生长量、管胞宽度、管胞直径和管胞微纤丝角呈负相关,与晚材率、木材密度呈正相关。31个种源树木胸高直径与管胞长宽比、管胞壁腔比、木材密度呈显著负相关,与管胞宽度、管胞直径、管胞腔径比呈正相关。

水稻卫星搭载突变性状考察和品系选育

利用我国返回式卫星搭载水稻品种"特籼占13"种子,回收后经多代的种植选择,选育出性状稳定的13个突变品系进行主要经济性状考察,结果表明:空间诱变突变品系的多个性状都发生了不同程度的变异,其中谷粒长宽比、穗长、穗粒数、小区产量等性状,品系间变异达到显著和极显著水平.讨论了水稻空间诱变性状变异改良的有效性,并从参试空间诱变突变品系中选育出多个性状同时产生突变得到改良的优质高产新品系.

Graft-induced Inheritable Variation in Mungbean and Its Application in Mungbean Breeding

Graft can induce inheritable variations in the progenies of the scion plants. Seedling of mungbean ( Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) was grafted onto the stem of sweet potato ( Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.). The growth of the scion was maintained until the scion produced selfed seeds. We sowed the seeds for several generations under normal conditions. Distinct genetic variations appeared in the progenies. Similar variations did not appear in the generations of the scion sowed normally without graft. The variations seemed to be induced by the graft and they inherited steadily. For understanding the possible mechanism of the phenomenon (graft_induced inheritable variation), we analyzed the cytoplasmic and genomic DNA of the variations. The results showed that there was no restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) in the cytoplasmic DNA between the original scion and the variation. However, significant difference between the scion and variation was recognized by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. In addition, there was no evidence that indicated the gene transformation from stock to scion. Our results suggest that the non_specific grafting has a pragmatic potential for plant breeding and crop improvement and, the genetic variation seems not to be caused simply by DNA transformation but most likely the stress induced mutation.

多目标协同下航道承载力计算模型研究

当河流兼具发电、供水、防洪和生态保护等多种功能时,航道承载力如何兼顾多目标协同发展及量化问题成为当前航道建设研究的重要问题。运用改良变异法,并结合航道承载力对生态、经济、河流多功能利用等目标的承载水平评价值,对航道承载力进行协同互适的调控,计算出多目标协同下的最大航道尺度,并通过AE航道作为算例对评价模型与计算方法的合理性及可操作性进行验证。结果表明,计算出的最大航道尺度可缓解当前航道建设与经济、生态和河流多功能利用发展中的矛盾;计算模型合理、可行。