试探语言变异条件

现代语言的变异现象非常普遍,其中体现着时代内容和语言发展趋势。就语言变异现象来说,一定的外部条件和语言本身发展条件是语言变异发生的前提。本文对此进行了对比分析,指出语言的变异过程中出现的一些问题以及解决的措施和原则。

考虑边界条件变异和不同噪声的桥梁结构损伤识别

运营期间桥梁结构在交通荷载、外界环境、材料劣化等因素的综合作用下,结构边界条件可能发生变化。边界条件对结构动力特性的影响显著,甚至远大于结构损伤的影响,损伤识别过程中如果忽略边界条件的变化可能会出现误判。本文介绍一种考虑边界条件变异的损伤识别方法,将边界条件的变化模拟成转动弹簧相对刚度系数的变化。首先,基于MATLAB建立了不同边界条件的结构数值模型,并利用ANSYS进行了模型验证。然后,通过改变转动弹簧的相对刚度系数,研究了不同边界条件对结构自振特性的影响。最后,将转动弹簧相对刚度系数和单元刚度折减系数作为损伤识别参数,基于布谷鸟算法进行了4种工况下的结构损伤识别,取得了较好的识别效果,并验证了不同噪声下本文方法的鲁棒性。

IF条件句的变异

本文提出了变异条件句这个概念，并把一般条件句和变异条件句加以比较。然后根据变异条件句的语义及语用功能分析条件句的变异与“计”词义弱化之间相辅相成的关系。

消息传递并行程序的弱变异测试及其转化

并行程序执行的不确定性,增加了测试的复杂性和难度.研究消息传递并行程序的变异测试,提出其弱变异测试转化方法,以提高该程序变异测试的效率.首先,根据消息传递并行程序包含语句的类型和语句变异之后导致的变化构建相应的变异条件语句;然后,将构建好的所有变异条件语句插入到原程序中,形成新的被测程序,从而将原程序的弱变异测试问题转化为新程序的分支覆盖问题.这样做的好处是,能够利用已有的分支覆盖方法解决变异测试问题.将该方法应用于8个典型的消息传递并行程序测试中,实验结果表明,该方法不但是可行的,也是必要的.

基于变异技术的第三方构件安全性测试系统

针对基于变异技术的第三方COM(component object model)构件安全性异常的自动检测问题,设计实现了一个第三方构件安全性测试原型系统TCSTS(third-party component security testing system).TCSTS系统的主要功能模块有构件接口分析模块、参数变异测试模块、条件变异测试模块、状态变异测试模块和安全分析模块.构件接口分析模块能分析得到被测试构件的接口方法和参数信息;在参数变异测试模块中,采用参数变异测试用例生成算法生成参数变异值集合进行变异测试;在条件变异测试模块中,生成违背前置条件的测试用例并结合后置条件检测条件语句中是否存在安全漏洞;在状态变异测试模块中,基于行为冲突算法和条件冲突算法变异可扩展有穷状态机以生成冲突序列,进而参照变异前序列进行安全性测试,最终通过安全分析模块生成测试报告.试验结果表明:所设计实现的TCSTS原型系统具有自动化程度高、操作简单以及测试效果较好的特点;TCSTS对异常序列的检测率达到了20%以上,表明TCSTS能够较好地对构件中状态相关的安全漏洞进行检测.

河南省十项临床化学试验常规条件下允许误差的调查

作者调查了河南省85个实验室的10项试验常规条件下的变异(RCV),大部分实验室的RCV符合或接近推荐值,少数偏离此值。在85个实验室的10项试验中,血钾最大的RCV值是最小值的31.8倍,血钠为298.3倍。过大或过小的RCV值均失去控制试验质量的意义。因此采用大于推荐值RCV的实验室,必须尽快查找原因减小试验误差,使RCV降至推荐值水平以内,推荐的RCV值也不是理想的数值,即使达到推荐值水平,仍需要继续减小误差,使实验质量不断提高。

铁路输送中平车装载问题的模型与算法

分析了铁路运输中的平车装载问题,借鉴了FirstFit算法的思想,并引入条件变异算子,提出了求解平车装载问题的一种改进遗传算法,给出了该改进遗传算法编码方法、遗传算子改进方案和适应度函数的定义,该算法能有效地解决初始群体和进化过程中的无效染色体和早熟问题,并用实例验证了该算法的有效性。

考虑初始条件变异的蠕滑型滑坡稳定性评价研究

蠕滑型滑坡会产生大量的地面裂隙,改变坡面角度和地形起伏,是破坏基础设施的主要地质灾害。因此,对蠕滑型滑坡进行科学的稳定性评价具有重要的科学意义和工程应用价值。因传统的极限平衡法和数值模拟没有考虑坡体沉降等初始环境信息的变异,故不能精确地解释蠕滑型滑坡的阶梯状变形。基于蠕滑型滑坡试验,通过理论模型和国内外案例分析,着重对蠕滑型滑坡的内部成因机制进行探讨,建立新的力学模型并对其稳定性进行评价。试验得出,断裂带上坡体的沉降冲击作用,使得边坡滑移的初始条件发生变化:初始动能不为0是蠕滑型滑坡发生的主要原因。改进的稳定性评价结果,稳定性系数一度降到1.0以下,较好地反映了滑坡阶梯状变形。结论得出,在蠕滑型滑坡进行稳定性评价时,不仅需要考虑不断变化的力学指标和地下水等边界条件,还需要考虑坡体沉降等环境变异而改变的滑移初始条件信息。该稳定性评价方法可以为人们更好的应对蠕滑滑坡灾害提供有效参考。

实验室信息系统Levey-Jennings室内质量控制的设计及临床应用

目的为实验室信息系统(LIS)设计和安装Levey-Jennings室内质量控制系统,实现室内质控的自动控制和管理。方法建立LIS与医院信息系统(HIS)的数据接口,在全面实现LIS系统接收和处理仪器数据的基础上,针对不同仪器按需要设置质控水平、质控项目和质控规则,按设定的质控流程控制检验报告的生成和发送过程。结果根据需要和相应设置,可以使用“即刻法”启动室内质量控制,在获得足够的有效数据后,系统自动将数据导入常规条件下的变异(RCV),生成相应的靶值和标准差,作为暂定RCV数据。2月后导入RCV生成累计RCV数据,3月后导入RCV生成常用RCV数据。对于需要分批进行室内质控的项目,系统提供批内和批间室内质控方案。结论利用严格、灵活的设计对室内质控进行自动化和规范化的管理将提高质量控制的管理效率。通过室内质控对检验报告生成的控制,可确保检验人员进行室内质控、对室内质控作相应的分析和处理,并对室内质控过程作全面的记录。

Grubbs法监控临床化学室内质控RCV测定探讨

探讨运用 Grubbs氏极端值取舍法监控临床化学未定值质控血清 RCV测定的时效性和可行性。方法 :用 Grubbs法做未定值血清 RCV测定的全程逐次监控 ,及时删除越限值并当天补测 ;用定值血清以改良 MONICA法做准确度的随机监控。结果 :2 0 d次测定中用 Grubbs法发现 Cr、BUN越限共 3次 ,若用 x± 3s法则无越限值 ,两方法比较 ,Cr、BUN的 CV%分别由 1 0 .1 0降为 7.81、8.0 9降为 5.94,且分析发现了用定值血清平行监控未能反映出的样品误差因素。结论 :Grubbs法用于监控 RCV测定的敏感性和“即刻性”特点显著 ,有助于增强室内质控的作用 ,该方法简便合理效果好 ,同道可参考应用。

中国台湾多种外币最佳存量控制研究

外汇交易银行的外币抛补策略,是根据各外汇交易银行的外币买、卖汇单形成的长、短头寸及最佳持有头寸来决定抛补动作的。当外币存量呈现短头寸或偏离最佳持有头寸时,外汇交易银行将透过外币的买汇单进行补货,使其回归最佳持有头寸。因此,在修改Ha-midi和Bell构建的单一货币存量模式基础,并选取台湾某商业银行一地区性分行为研究对象,建构在存货总成本最小考虑下的最佳外汇存量模型,以解决外汇交易银行多种外币的最佳采购量问题。另外,以ARMA-GARCH模型来进行外币汇率的预测,以更合理地衡量以台币(新台币)为准的外币持有总量。最后,以Evolver 4.0软件包,进行基因算法(Genetic Algorithm)的运算,在最小存量总成本的考虑下,求出此存量模型的最佳采购量。

A Review of Interaction Between Neon Flying Squid(Ommastrephes bartramii) and Oceanographic Variability in the North Pacific Ocean

The neon flying squid （Ommastrephes bartramii） is a short-lived opporttmistic species widely distributed in subtropical and temperate waters in the North Pacific Ocean. The life cycle of O. bartramii from planktonic eggs to nektonic adults is closely linked to oceanographic conditions. The fluctuations in O. bartramii abundance and distribution tend to increase and widen continu- ously due to the heavy influences of ocean-climate events on various spatio-temporal scales. In this study, we reviewed the interac- tion between O. bartramii and oceanography variability in the North Pacific with respect to large-scale climatic-oceanic phenomena including E1 Nifio, La Nifia, Kuroshio, Oyashio and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）, as well as regional environmental variables such as sea surface temperature （SST）, sea surface height （SSH）, sea surface salinity （SSS）, chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） concentration, and plankton density. The population dynamics of O. bartramii is mediated mainly by meso- and large-scale climatic-oceanic events （e.g., Kuroshio and Oyashio Currents） rather than other local environmental conditions （e.g., SST and Chl-a concentration）, because all of the oceanographic influences are imposed on the context of large-scale climate changes （e.g., PDO）. An unstructured-grid finite- volume coastal ocean model coupled with an individual-based model is proposed to simulate relevant physical-biological oceano- graphic processes for identifying ocean-climate influence and predicting O. bartramii distribution and abundance in the North Pacific. Future research needs to be focused on improving the knowledge about early life history of O. bartramii and evaluating the relation- ship between marine physical environment and two separate passive drifting life stages of O. bartramii including free-floating eggs and planktonic paralarvae.

Climate Influence on Rice, Maize and Wheat Yields and Yield Variability in Nepal

The weather has a significant influence on yield fluctuations in Nepal, particularly for grains. This study examined the effect of seasonal precipitation, maximum and minimum temperatures and extreme climatic variables on yield levels and variability of rice, maize and wheat yields. The authors applied a stochastic production function approach as suggested by Just-Pope for panel data at the district level. The estimation results indicated that climate trends in Nepal had a significant influence on crop yield levels and variances in various magnitudes and directions. The results showed an increase in precipitation negatively influenced maize yield levels and positively influenced wheat yield levels; however, a positive influence was found to reduce yield variability in rice and wheat. Similarly, an increase in maximum temperature apparently led to decreased maize and increased wheat yield levels, respectively, and also led to increased yield variability in rice and maize. Likewise, the minimum temperature was helpful to increase yield levels for all crops and to decrease the yield variability in rice and maize. Moreover, the extreme climates such as low precipitation and high maximum temperatures significantly influenced the reduction in yield levels of rice and maize, respectively that could be used to design an index insurance product for Nepal.

Evaluation of Freeway Travel Time Variability and Reliability under Adverse Weather with TRANSMIT Data

Traffic congestion has caused many detrimental effects including higher fuel consumption, more vehicle emissions, increased accidents, as well as greater tension due to uncertain travel time. In addition to delay, the variability and reliability of travel time has been of concern to motorists on their daily travel, especially during peak periods. The objective of this study is to examine freeway travel time variability and reliability under different traffic and weather conditions with the use of TRANSMIT data collected by roadside readers deployed on a 40-mile segment of the Interstate Highway 1-287 in New Jersey. Travel time variability and reliability measures including mean travel time, the 95th percentile travel time, travel time index, buffer index, and planning time index under recurring and non-recurring congestion （adverse weather） are investigated. It was found that the standard deviation of travel time increased, due to the weather condition varying from dry to rain and to snow, while the buffer index increased from 29% to 45% and to 94%.

临床化学检验室间质评(EQA)控制物后效应初探

就近年来开展的临床化学检验室内质技（IQC）、空间质评（EQA）与质控物三者关系及概况做了简要说明，回顾了开展EQA的后效应。认为已往开展的EQA结果在部分参评单位内只能评估其最佳条件变异（OCV）下的工作状况，对参评单位准确度的监督作用及该单位对发现的系统误差纠正过程，透明度不够，效应期短，尚不能全面地反映实验室实际的工作状况，对揭示IQC与EQA的内在联系仍有缺口。该文提出统一控制物是必须如能排除对控制物定值的保密阶段性和时间性的因素，就会延长EQA的后效应。建议将控制物的旧式流通渠道改为由EQA的组织者统管、供给的方式，同时把使用的厂家、批号、时间、方法统一规范化。这样将会更好地发挥EQA的监控作用，有利于提高工作质量。

傣语转写巴利语■n韵变异分析

傣语在转写巴利语时,绝大多数都有严格的语音对应,但也有一些特殊规则。本文通过例证揭示了傣语转写巴利语特殊规则?n韵变异问题,并描写了变异的条件。在此基础上,我们利用该变异解释了佛经《维先达腊》中的某些词汇问题。

试论语言变异现象

现代语言变异现象非常普遍,体现着时代内容和语言发展趋势。就语言变异现象来说,一定的外部条件和语言本身发展条件是语言变异发生的前提。本文对此进行了对比分析,并指出了语言的变异过程中出现的一些问题以及解决的措施和原则。净化语言环境,规范语言交流。

浅析英语语音的变异现象

RP—Received Pronunciation是随着语言的进化而变化的,例如:它自身的变异,风格的变异,无条件变异等这些都对它的发展产生着影响。

Meteorological conditions for the persistent severe fog and haze event over eastern China in January 2013

In January 2013,a severe fog and haze event(FHE)of strong intensity,long duration,and extensive coverage occurred in eastern China.The present study investigates meteorological conditions for this FHE by diagnosing both its atmospheric background fields and daily evolution in January 2013.The results show that a weak East Asian winter monsoon existed in January2013.Over eastern China,the anomalous southerly winds in the middle and lower troposphere are favorable for more water vapor transported to eastern China.An anomalous high at 500 hPa suppresses convection.The weakened surface winds are favorable for the fog and haze concentrating in eastern China.The reduction of the vertical shear of horizontal winds weakens the synoptic disturbances and vertical mixing of atmosphere.The anomalous inversion in near-surface increases the stability of surface air.All these meteorological background fields in January 2013 were conducive to the maintenance and development of fog and haze over eastern China.The diagnosis of the daily evolution of the FHE shows that the surface wind velocity and the vertical shear of horizontal winds in the middle and lower troposphere can exert dynamic effects on fog and haze.The larger(smaller)they are,the weaker(stronger)the fog and haze are.The thermodynamic effects include stratification instability in middle and lower troposphere and the inversion and dew-point deficit in near-surface.The larger(smaller)the stratification instability and the inversion are,the stronger(weaker)the fog and haze are.Meanwhile,the smaller(larger)the dewpoint deficit is,the stronger(weaker)the fog and haze are.Based on the meteorological factors,a multi-variate linear regression model is set up.The model results show that the dynamic and thermodynamic effects on the variance of the fog and haze evolution are almost the same.The contribution of the meteorological factors to the variance of the daily fog and haze evolution reaches 0.68,which explains more than 2/3 of the variance.

Applications of urinary proteomics in biomarker discovery

Urine is an important source of biomarkers. This article reviews current advances, major challenges, and future prospects in the field of urinary proteorrfics. Because the practical clinical problem is to distinguish diseases with similar symptoms, merely comparing samples from patients of a particular disease to those of healthy individuals is inadequate for finding biomarkers with sufficient diagnostic power. In addition, the variation of expression levels of urinary proteins among healthy individuals and individuals under different physiological conditions adds to the difficulty in identifying biomarkers. We propose that es- tablishing the natural variation in urinary protein expression among a healthy population can serve as a reference to help iden- tify protein abundance changes that are caused by disease, not by individual variations or physiological changes. We also dis- cuss that comparing protein expression levels between urine and plasma may reveal the physiological function of the kidney and that may facilitate biomarker discovery. Finally, we propose that establishing a data-sharing platform for data collection and integrating results from all urinary biomarker studies will help promote the development of urinary proteomics.