科学教学中引入变构理论实践探索

小学科学教学设计时，教师要充分观照不同群体学生的学力基础，还要从学生学习认知构建规律中找到教学设计依据，为学生提供良好学习情境，引发学生展开自觉概念更新转化，促使学生从固有认知中实现思维突破，以形成崭新学习认知体系，促进学生学科核心素养的全面塑造。

基于变构学习理论的外语教学实践研究

本文着力于探讨法国生物学家及科学教育家安德烈·焦尔当的变构学习理论以及变构学习模式在教学中的应用。基于变构学习理论,构建一种用于正确解读学习者的各种概念体,整合学习相关的各种复杂参数,与学习者的心智活动相互作用的Folder评价指导体系,以达到生成学习和促进学习的目标。

论基于变构学习理论的高职英语多模态体验式教学模式

近年来,随着信息化时代的高速发展,多模态教学模式广泛应用于高职英语课堂上。但是,经过调查发现当下多模态教学模式呈现出诸多问题。引入变构学习理论,运用多元化的网络资源,利用声音、视频、图画、图表、实物、文本等传递信息,充分调动学生的视觉、听觉、触觉、味觉、嗅觉等模态间的交互结合,构建高职英语多模态体验式教学模式,能够有效地干预高职学生的学习过程,培养自主探究和自主学习能力。

变构学习理论视角下的小学科学教学策略

当前的小学科学教学,普遍存在传统的说教式、训练刺激式和表面热闹但无实质内涵的讨论探究式三种极端的教学方式,这显然与新课程指导理念、小学科学课程的性质及培养目标相悖。从学习理论依据出发,阐释小学科学教学中应该具备的教学观,提出小学科学课堂教学的基本策略(萌发学习意愿策略;转变学习者概念策略;知识建构策略;启动元认知策略),并对具体的课堂教学案例进行分析,以期为小学科学教学提供新的思路与参考。

基于变构学习理论开展高职英语多模态体验式教学的实践研究

通过前期的调查与研究,发现多模态教学模式能够提高学生学习积极性,丰富英语课堂。但是,也存在诸多问题。为了解决多模态教学模式在实践中呈现的突出问题,采用调查问卷和访谈等方式,开展实证研究,结果表明基于变构学习理论的多模态体验式教学能够有效地促进学生的英语学习。同时,为其他学科开展多模态教学研究提供参考。

基于变构学习理论的第二语言习得研究

变构学习模型是一个关于学习复杂性的解释模型,把学习看作是学习者概念系统的转换,强调学习者主体概念和学习环境的重要性。现有的第二语言词汇习得模型多在语言学和心理学研究的基础上建构,主要强调输入、交互和输出三个方面。在第二语言习得中融入变构学习理论将弥补已有学习模型在学习者主体概念和学习环境设计两方面的缺陷。创设学习者知识再运用情景,充分运用概念体,以有效地促进学习者的语言学习。

基于变构学习理论的"基因突变"深度学习

以高中生物学"基因突变"内容为例,基于变构学习理论设计"创设情境,概念解构;多重对质,概念建构;调用知识,概念应用;启动元认知,反思性写作及评价"的深度学习教学程序,促进学生对知识的理解、生成与建构,实现认知、元认知、思维、情感与价值观的深度整合,发展生物学学科核心素养.

变构学习理论视角下的高中地理教学策略——以"地形倒置"为例

变构学习理论揭示了学习的复杂过程,对教学设计有新的启示,对于促进教师教学和学生学习有很大影响.文章以变构学习理论为指导,结合高中地理学科特点,提出其在高中地理教学中的策略,并以人教版选择性必修1自然地理基础"地形倒置"知识点为内容开展教学活动设计,以期在实践中取得较好的教学效果,为高中地理教学提供有效的教学策略.

Damage failure of cemented backfill and its reasonable match with rock mass

In order to study the failure mechanism of backfill and the reasonable matches between backfill and rock mass, and to achieve the object of safe and efficient mining in metal mine, four types of backfills were tested under uniaxial compression loading, with cement?tailing ratios of 0.250:1, 0.125:1, 0.100:1 and 0.083:1, respectively. With the help of the stress?strain curves, the deformation and failure characteristics of different backfills with differing cement?tailing ratios were analyzed. Based on the experimental results, the damage constitutive equations of cemented backfills with four cement?tailing ratios were proposed on the basis of damage mechanics. Moreover, comparative analysis of constitutive model and experimental results were made to verify the reliability of the damage model. In addition, an energy model using catastrophe theory to obtain the instability criteria of system was established to study the interaction between backfill and rock mass, and then the system instability criterion was deduced. The results show that there are different damage characteristics for different backfills, backfills with lower cement?tailing ratio tend to have a lower damage value when stress reaches peak value, and damage more rapidly and more obviously in failure process after peak value of stress; the stiffness and elastic modulus of rock mass with lower strength are more likely to lead to system instability. The results of this work provide a scientific basis for the rational strength design of backfill mine.

Transformations and Tautomeric Equilibrium among Different Intermediates in Proline-Catalyzed Reactions of Aldehydes or Ketones

The enamines, iminium ions, and oxazolidinones are thought to be the key intermediates in the proline-catalyzed reactions of aldehydes or ketones, but there is an extensive contro- versy about their roles. Here, the corresponding transition states connecting any two of the three kinds of species are located at the wB97XD/6-311＋＋G＊＊ level of theory. The calcula- tions demonstrate that the oxazolidinones are the predominant species in both the gas phase and solvents; there exists tautomeric equilibrium among these species and the equilibriums are controlled by the employed solvents and temperature in the reaction. These results demonstrate that the concentration and role of the mentioned species are controlled by the employed solvent and temperature. A new reaction pathway is presented herein for the trans- formation between iminium ions and oxazolidinones through iminium ion-water complex and oxazolidinone-water complex. The calculations demonstrate that the rate-limiting step in proline-catalyzed Mannich reaction between acetaldehyde/keteones and N-Boc imines is the formation of the C-C bond rather than the intermediates tautomerization. These calculations rationalize the available experimental observations and can be valuable in optimizing the experimental conditions of asymmetric organic-catalyzed reactions of aldehydes or ketones.

DEVELOPMENT OF EXTRINSIC FABRY PEROT FIBER SENSOR AND ITS APPLICATION TO SMART MATERIALS

In the work of developing extrinsic fabry perot interferometric (EFPI), the key technology of polishing fiber optic endfaces and coating the multilayer of dielectric films on them is raised and resolved to settle the disturbance and stability problem of EFPI, which simplifies the sensing system, improves the sensor performance and reduces the cost. In this paper, the relations between the output interferential light intensity and the F P cavity length are calculated based on the theory of mode field coupling. The EFPI fiber optic sensor is adhered to a distributed smart laminate beam to detect vibration frequency and axial strain value, the results coincident with the results tested by PZT.

Research on angle-dependent to mographic static correction

Reflection data in CMP has influenced seriously in static calculations,especially in some highly weathered and structurally altered circumstances. Because of static correction in the existed problems and requests,the authors studied the angle dependent tomographic static correction,and discussed its basic theory, including the establishment of forward model,the calculation theory of tomography and tomographic static correction. The usage of theoretical models and practical information on the method has been validated. The results show that using these methods to calculate static correction in a complex area,the quality of static correction is greatly improved.

Reading, Text, and the Metaphors of Perception

Literature continues to generate controversies as to what it is and what it is for. That is one of the reasons for the proliferation of ＂literary theories.＂ The notion is here placed between quotation marks because it does not mean the same thing to all the scholars in the field. Some regard it in the same way that theory functions in the sciences, where it focuses on the object it is associated with. For example, the atomic theory of matter is concerned with the internal constitution or the characterizing properties of matter. Others, however, are looking beyond the object towards the reader and the extra-textual environment. The approaches to literary studies which look beyond the individual work to outside phenomena are many and increasing all the time as new issues and concerns arrive on the social scene. Issues of climate change are fairly topical now; and criticism is already responding with such ideas as eco-criticism. The question of the identity of the literary object has to be kept in the front burner, so that it is not swamped by the many different interests which attach to literature from time to time. Bringing attention back to the literary work is the central concern of this paper; and we are doing this by way of the metaphors of perception often used with respect to the literary work as these suggest that the work is something to focus on, rather than to see through to something else. Finally, I elaborate the concept of integrity as an appurtenance of the literary text that attracts and holds the gaze.

DFT Study on Structural Distortion and Vibronic Coupling of Vanadyl Porphyrin Anion and Cation

The geometries of one-electron reduced/oxidized species （[TOP]-/[VOP] ＋） of vanadyl por- phyrin （VOP） have been calculated with PBE1PBE method. The results show that for both [VOP]- and [VOP]＋ the ground states are triplet, in which one of the two unpaired electron occupies the dxy orbital of the V atom while the other occupies the n-orbital of porphyrin ring. Thus both [VOP]- and [VOP]＋ can be considered as n-radicals. The ground state of neutral VOP molecule is doublet with the unpaired electron occupying dxy orbital of V atom. In contract to the C4v symmetry of neutral VOP molecule, [VOP]- anion has a ＂rectangular＂ distorted C2v structure due to Jahn-Teller effect. The linear vibronic coupling constants for the Jahn-Teller active modes of [TOP]- were evaluated and the node patterns of frontier KS orbitals are used to explain the reason why the distortion occurs along specific modes. The ground state [VOP]＋ has a porphyrin ring with pronounced bond length alternation due to pseudo-Jahn-Teller effect, causing its symmetry declined from C4v to Ca. The bond length alternation is well explained with the node patterns of re-constructed frontier KS orbitals.

Covariant Prolongation Structure of Coupled Inhomogeneous Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation

We investigate the coupled inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrodinger equation by the covariant prolongationstructure theory, and obtain its Lax's representation. Moreover, we present the corresponding Riccati equations, Backlundtransformation, and one-soliton solution.

The function and significance of newly created ethnic minority writing systems during cultural transition: Taking the Hani, Lisu, and Naxi ethnic minorities as examples

New writing systems for several of China’s minority languages were developed and implemented during a unique period in Chinese history.Throughout the different stages of modern Chinese history,these writing systems have had various societal functions and uses,including the improvement of education and literacy for China’s ethnic minorities.In the new era,the societal functions of these newly created systems have been weakened by the large-scale influence from both outside and within minority environment.Nevertheless,the newly created writing systems have undeniable value and significance,and they continue to serve positive functions that cannot be fulfilled by other writing systems.

The effect of boron on the electronic structure of dislocation in NiAl

The segregation effect of B on the [100]（010） edge dislocation core in NiA1 single crystals is investigated using the DMol method and the discrete variational method within the framework of density functional theory. The impurity segregation en- ergy and the charge distribution are calculated. The effects of B on the dislocation motion are discussed. The results show that B prefers to segregate at the Center-Al dislocation core. Moreover, B forms strong bonding states with its neighboring host atoms, which may not be beneficial to the motion of the dislocation. Therefore, it can be expected that the strength of NiAl single crystals may be increased.

The dynamical contact order:Protein folding rate parameters based on quantum conformational transitions

Protein folding is regarded as a quantum transition between the torsion states of a polypeptide chain.According to the quantum theory of conformational dynamics,we propose the dynamical contact order(DCO) defined as a characteristic of the contact described by the moment of inertia and the torsion potential energy of the polypeptide chain between contact residues.Conse-quently,the protein folding rate can be quantitatively studied from the point of view of dynamics.By comparing theoretical calculations and experimental data on the folding rate of 80 proteins,we successfully validate the view that protein folding is a quantum conformational transition.We conclude that(i) a correlation between the protein folding rate and the contact inertial moment exists;(ii) multi-state protein folding can be regarded as a quantum conformational transition similar to that of two-state proteins but with an intermediate delay.We have estimated the order of magnitude of the time delay;(iii) folding can be classified into two types,exergonic and endergonic.Most of the two-state proteins with higher folding rate are exergonic and most of the multi-state proteins with low folding rate are endergonic.The folding speed limit is determined by exergonic folding.

Reconfigurable parallel mechanisms with planar five-bar metamorphic linkages

This paper presents the idea of constructing reconfigurable limbs by integrating metamorphic linkages as subchains.The planar five-bar metamorphic linkages that have three phases resulting from locking of motors are considered.Under the assumption that the constraint exerted by the reconfigurable limb can switch between no constraint,a constraint force,and a constraint couple,the output motions of the metamorphic linkage in its two planar four-bar linkage phases are identified.By adding an appropriate joint to planar four-bar linkages with translational output,four planar five-bar linkages that can be employed in the construction of reconfigurable limbs are enumerated.Serial chains that can provide a constraint couple and a constraint force are synthesized based on screw theory.Reconfigurable limbs that have three configurations associated with the three distinct phases of the metamorphic linkages are assembled with planar five-bar metamorphic linkages and serial chains with four degrees of freedom.A class of reconfigurable parallel mechanisms are constructed by connecting a moving platform and a base with three identical reconfigurable limbs.The degrees of freedom of the reconfigurable parallel mechanism in different configurations with the metamorphic linkages in different phases are given.Finally,the actuation scheme for this kind of mechanisms is addressed.

The tautomerization of H_2NCH_2C(OH)NH to H_2NCH_2CONH_2 in the interstellar medium

The tautomerization of H2NCH2C(OH)NH to H2NCH2CONH2 is an important step by way of Strecker synthesis for the production of glycine in the interstellar medium (ISM) with respect to the origin of amino acids on the early Earth.Our work indicates two mechanisms for the tautomerization to occur.k CVT/SCT (rate constant) is 45.6s-1 at 50 K,obtained with the small curvature tunneling (SCT) approximation and canonical variational transition state theory (CVT),to support one mechanism assisted by quantum tunneling in the ISM.Another mechanism is through the (H2O) 2-coupled proton transfer.In the (H2O)2 coupled reaction,two H2O molecules act as a catalyst to reduce the barrier energy by 23.7 kcal mol 1,and cooperatively let a proton pass a hydrogen-bonded bridge composed of H2NCH2C(OH)NH with (H2O)2.kTST is 8.08×10-4 s-1 at 100 K,calculated with TST kinetics,to demonstrate the mechanism.Therefore,the tautomerization is feasible in the ISM.H2NCH2C(OH)NH and H2NCH2CONH2 will be detected in the ISM and found in carbonaceous chondrites.The results present new evidence for the third theory on the origin of amino acids on the early Earth.