菲波那奇数列变栅格的数据收缩聚类方法研究

利用菲波那奇数列对栅格尺度进行确定,结合边界确定方式和焦点定位方法获得一种有效的高维数据收缩聚类方法。从基于密度的聚类方法出发,研究密度跨距基础上的良好聚类时变栅格的获取方式,引入菲波那奇数列获取变栅格相应的网格;在实际数据聚类的过程中,采用数据点吸引的方式确定数据质心,通过数据移动和收缩获得最终聚类的焦点和形状。仿真实验的结果表明,本方法可以有效运用于二维和高维数据的聚类分析,在准确获取现有数据内部结构的基础上,具有一定的防噪声作用,可以依据焦点实现数据的有效收缩。

一种变栅格地图的巡检机器人路径规划方法研究

本文介绍了一种变粒度栅格地图与势场法避障相结合的巡检机器人智能路径规划方法通过在全局范围内找寻目标点以及在局部小范围内使用势场法避障来进行相应的路径规划,对全局视角和局部视角使用的是两种不同粒度大小的栅格地图。研究表明,该方法能有效地提高路径规划的效率与避障的准确性,实验验证了该方法的快速性与有效性。

一种变栅格高维数据收缩聚类算法

针对数据挖掘领域中高维数据的聚类问题,提出一种变栅格的高维数据收缩聚类算法.主要是对数据箱按密度跨距进行排列,将数据点沿着密度梯度进行移动,产生浓缩聚类.采用大小可变的栅格对相连密度单元进行检测,当边界线不再改变时得到最优聚类结果.仿真结果表明,收缩聚类方法对低维、高维数据的聚类都具有良好效果.

变权栅格叠加方法研究——以生态敏感性评价为例

加权栅格叠加分析是GIS空间分析中最常用的方法之一,该文首先对其演进历程进行了回顾,分析了其存在的抵消和极值埋没问题,并介绍了现有的改进模型——位序加权平均法及其不足。然后基于变权理论,提出了变权栅格叠加方法,以应对上述问题。该方法根据各叠加图层的初始权重及叠加栅格的像元值,通过一定规则对极值像元进行惩罚型、激励型或混合型变权,可以在一定程度上克服抵消问题,并凸显个别极值栅格的效应,比较适合于选址、建设用地适宜性评价、生态敏感性评价、景观评价等需要重视极大或极小值的叠加分析,是现有常权栅格叠加的有效补充。最后以湖北网湖湿地周边城镇的生态敏感性评价为例,基于局部激励型变权规则,进行了案例研究,证实了变权栅格叠加方法的有效性。

基于变尺度栅格法的环境建模算法研究

分析了传统的栅格法工作原理和算法特点，模仿人类的视觉认知机理，对传统的栅格法进行改进，提出了一种变尺度栅格法，通过试验对比验证该算法的可行性和有效性。

结合G1法与变权理论的杞麓湖流域生态用地分析

杞麓湖流域作为典型高原湖泊流域之一,生态极易遭到破坏。选取高程、坡度、人口密度、道路缓冲区、居民点缓冲区、水域缓冲区来构建生态敏感性评价的指标体系,并结合G1法、变权栅格理论确定各指标权重,进行杞麓湖流域生态敏感性评价和流域生态用地分析。结果表明:①引入变权栅格理论可有效避免因子之间的相关干扰;②高、中、低度敏感区分别占流域总面积的3.66%、71.08%、22.83%,不敏感区占比为2.44%;③93.81%的林地、99.22%的水域以及79.52%的其他用地处在高度敏感区和中度敏感区,63.02%的建设用地和54.79%的耕地处在低度敏感区与不敏感区。开展流域内的生态用地分析,为推动可持续土地资源利用开发和生态环境保护提供了重要依据。

基于变尺寸栅格地图的船载激光雷达目标检测

激光雷达具有测距精度高、受环境因素影响小及全天时工作的特点,非常适合用于无人船障碍物检测。由于激光雷达点云近密远疏,基于栅格地图的海上障碍物检测的精度就会受到栅格尺寸大小的直接影响。建立了一种栅格尺寸线性增长的变尺寸栅格地图,结合高度差判别法和八邻域连通分量标记法进行栅格划分及聚类,通过盒子模型提取障碍物信息,得出更加精确的障碍物检测结果。开展了海上实船实验,并对所提方法与传统方法的处理结果进行了比较,对比处理结果可得,对于近岸处中小型渔船的检测,所提方法可有效地解决传统方法中栅格划分和聚类效果较差的问题,实现更精确实时的海上障碍物检测,为无人船避障提供数据支撑。

移动机器人离散空间粒子滤波定位

从粒子滤波效率主要取决于粒子集更新的思路出发,提出一种基于离散状态空间的移动机器人粒子滤波定位方法(Discrete space particle filter,DSPF)。根据定位系统误差,将机器人运行空间划分为变精度栅格作为样本粒子描述离散系统模型。地图预处理阶段获取栅格粒子的激光扫描数据,预存为栅格粒子特征。粒子权值更新时,将粒子离散化近似为栅格粒子,采用预存粒子特征进行激光扫描数据匹配,避免粒子特征的实时提取,提高了滤波更新效率。同时采用基于离散后验概率分布与当前粒子集分布之间Kullback-Leibler距离检验方法,自适应选择栅格粒子,平衡滤波效率和定位精度,能够有效解决机器人'绑架'问题。仿真结果表明,DSPF能够显著提高定位效率,并保证滤波精度。

金属塑性成形三维六面体网格自适应生成技术及应用

有限元网格模型的质量是决定塑性成形有限元模拟结果的精度和可靠度的关键因素之一。文章提出了基于实体模型几何特征六面体网格自适应生成算法,在表面曲率较大和厚度较小的区域实现局部加密;提出了穿插法边界拟合方法,避免特征边界点的反复搜索,提高有限元网格生成的效率,实现网格与实体模型表面精确拟合。几个复杂几何模型的网格自动划分结果,验证了该算法的实用性和有效性。

Fabrication of arbitrarily apodized fiber Bragg gratings with narrow bandwidth

A double-exposure fabrication method without any intensity shadow mask to fabricate arbitrarily apodized fiber Bragg gratings（ FBGs） with narrow bandwidth is demonstrated by controlling the total ultra violet （UV） irradiation along the grating by varying the speed of a translation stage. The UV source used is a stable continuous intracavity frequency-doubled argonion laser. The parameters （such as length, apodization profile, average index change）of FBGs can be easily changed with this method. The total UV irradiation is kept constant in the doubleexposure process because of the precise control of the exposure time, which ensures that the apodized FBG＇s bandwidth can be extremely narrow. The full width at half maximum （FWHM） bandwidth of the 2-cm-long apodized FBG fabricated by this method is 0. 15 nm with a maximum reflectivity of more than 95%.

Modal macro-strain identification from operational macro-strain shape under changing loading conditions

To develop modal macro-strain （ MMS ） identification techniques and improve their applicability in a continuous health monitoring system for civil infrastructures, the concept of operational macro-strain shape （OMSS） and the corresponding identification method are proposed under unknown ever-changing loading conditions, and the MMS is then obtained. The core of the proposed technique is mainly based on the specific property that the macro-strain transmissibility tends to be independent of external excitations at the poles of the system and converges to a unique value. The proposed method is verified using the experimental data from a three-span continuous beam excited by an impact hammer at different locations. The identified results are also compared with the commonly used methods, such as the peak- picking （PP） method, the stochastic subspace identification （SSI） method, and numerical results, in the case of unknown input forces. Results show that the proposed technique has unique merits in accuracy and robustness due to its combining multiple tests under changing loading conditions, which also reveal the promising application of the distributed strain sensing system in identifying MMS of operational structures, as well as in the structural health monitoring （SHM） field.

基于GDIV模型的大渡河中游地区滑坡危险性评价与区划

区域地质灾害评价是减灾防治的重要非工程手段,构建区域滑坡危险性评价模型,对提高地质灾害评价精度和防治效率具有重要意义。文章以滑坡频发的大渡河中游地区为研究区,初选高程、坡度、坡向、地震动参数、土壤类型、工程地质岩组、年平均降雨量和地形湿度指数(TWI)等13个因子,建立滑坡危险性初级评价指标体系。考虑各因子对滑坡形成贡献程度的不同和目前常权栅格叠加方式对滑坡危险性评价结果精度的影响,引入了地理探测器和变权栅格叠加,构建了地理探测器、信息量法和变权栅格叠加的组合模型(GDIV模型)。基于2021年四川省1∶50000地质灾害风险调查中313处滑坡地质灾害隐患点,开展基于GDIV模型的大渡河中游地区滑坡危险性评价,并与逻辑回归模型和信息量模型的组合模型(LRI模型)评价结果进行对比分析。结果表明:研究区以中危险及以下危险区为主,占总面积的78.3%,极高和高危险区主要分布在大渡河、革什扎河和东谷河两岸的低海拔地区;与LRI模型相比,基于GDIV模型的评价结果精度更高,其受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线的线下面积(AUC)值为0.917。文章提出的GDIV模型提高了区域滑坡危险性评价精度,可为类似地区地质灾害评价提供方法参考。

Properties of Single Mode Polymer Optical Fiber

The density,dynamic modulus,Youngs modulus,tensile strength,extension properties,Fourier transform infrared spectrum and differential scanning calorimetry have been measured and discussed for single mode polymethyl-methacrylate optical fiber.The results show that the fiber can provide large strain range for polymeric optical fiber Bragg gratings.

基于医学图像重建三维模型的拓扑优化设计与制造

近年来,随着计算机科学的飞速发展,医学图像三维重建领域得到了越来越多专家学者的关注。基于此,本文提出了一种创新的基于医学图像重建三维模型的优化设计与制造方法。首先讨论了两种主要的三维重建技术,并基于重建模型,使用有限元软件进行拓扑优化设计,随之产生变密度分布的栅格结构。最后使用3D打印机制造具有变密度栅格结构的人体骨骼假体,从而进一步验证了基于拓扑优化的变密度栅格结构人体骨骼模型设计的可行性。

High-Strain Fiber Bragg Gratings for Structural Fatigue Testing of Military Aircraft

This paper reports on an experimental program of work which investigates the reliability, durability, and packaging of fiber Bragg gratings （FBGs） for application as distributed strain sensors during structural fatigue testing of military platforms. The influence of the FBG fabrication process on sensor reliability is investigated. In addition, methodologies for broad-area packaging and surface-mounting of FBG sensing arrays to defense platforms are developed and tested.

New Approach to the Strain Analysis of Bragg Grating Sensors

The response of an optical strain sensor based on the fiber Bragg grating is theoretically analyzed with a different approach of that found usually in the literature. In this model, geometrical changes suffered by the grating itself are taken into account. The results are compared with those from experiments, showing very good agreement.

Fiber Bragg Grating （FBG） Sensors Used in Coal Mines

The fiber Bragg grating （FBG） strain sensors were used for on-line monitoring of the stress variation of the lined wall in the gateway retained along the goaf of No. 3203 coal mining face in Dongtan Mine. The results showed that the FBG strain sensor with the wide measuring range could measure the stress variation accurately during the support process of the gateway retained along the goaf and could provide the basis to further optimize the support structure and to determine the support plan of the gateway retained along the goaf. The FBG micro-seismic sensors were used in Xinglong Mine to detect the micro-seismic signal. The signals were well received and analyzed to determine the location and energy level of the source of the micro-seismic event warning. The FBG sensors and detecting system show a significant potential for micro-seismic detection and geological disasters detection.

Application of fiber Bragg grating based strain sensor in pipeline vortex-induced vibration measurement

The vortex-induced vibrations(VIV)is an important topic of study in many different scientific and engineering fields.While VIV can be of benefit in some cases,oftentimes,it is an undesirable phenomenon that can be quite dangerous.In particular for offshore pipelines,VIV can lead to fatiguing of the pipe structure and can cause disastrous consequences if left unchecked.A number of different methods have been applied to the measurement of VIV,especially for the elongated,thin cylindrical structures.The use of fiber optic fiber Bragg gratings(FBGs)in particular has gained popularity over the recent years due to their distinct properties.However,FBGs are also very fragile and are susceptible to failure when placed in harsh environments without protection.In this paper,56 FBGs encapsulated in stainless steel tubes were applied to the measurement of VIV in a28-m model pipeline under controlled and uncontrolled conditions.Tests show that the encapsulated sensors possessed good sensitivity as well as fatigue life(>80000 cycles).The measurements from FBGs were also high enough to allow frequency domain analysis of the pipeline VIV under the two conditions.The authors conclude that the encapsulated FBGs are a viable tool for the study of VIV in pipeline structures.

A novel wide measuring range FBG displacement sensor with variable measurement precision based on helical bevel gear

A novel fiber Bragg grating(FBG)displacement sensor is proposed,which can achieve wide measuring range displacement detection with variable measurement precision due to its mechanical transfer structure of helical bevel gear.A prototype is designed and fabricated.The maximum detection displacement of this prototype is 1.751 m,and the precision grade changes from 0.2%to 6.7%.Through analyzing the experiment data which is obtained in the calibration experiment,the measuring range of this sensor is from 0 m to 1.532 m,and the wavelength shift errors between experiment data and theory calculation are all less than 5%.

Switchable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser with tunable wavelength

A switchable dual-wavelength erbium-doped fiber laser(EDFL) with tunable wavelength is demonstrated. The ring cavity consists of two branches with a fiber Bragg grating(FBG) and a spherical-shape structure as fiber filters, respectively. By adjusting the variable optical attenuator(VOA), the laser can be switched between the single-wavelength mode and the dual-wavelength mode. The spherical-shape structure has good sensitivity to the temperature. When the temperature changes from 30 °C to 190 °C, the central wavelength of the EDFL generated by the branch of spherical-shape structure varies from 1 551.6 nm to 1 561.8 nm, which means that the wavelength interval is tunable.