The observations of 25-yr long-term experiment in Zhejiang paddy soils showed that the soil organic matter could increase continuously with applying organic manure, and the increase in rate enhanced along with the app...The observations of 25-yr long-term experiment in Zhejiang paddy soils showed that the soil organic matter could increase continuously with applying organic manure, and the increase in rate enhanced along with the application rates of organic manure. By mathematical modeling, the soil organic matter increased by 22 kg when 1 t of fresh FYM was applied. The CO2 emission resulting from the mineralization of soil organic matter increased with the increase in the application rate of the organic manure as well as the increase in the root residues. It is expected that the CO2 emission will be at 10.04-21.61 t ha-1 yr-1 when 16.5-49.5 t ha-1 yr-1 of fresh FYM is applied. The soil organic carbon from mineralization and release of applied organic carbon (fresh FYM and root residues) will affect the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. So, the higher the application rate of organic manure, the more is the fixed organic carbon. The CO2 fixation will be at 1.885-3.463 t ha-1 yr-1 when 16.5-49.5 t ha-1 yr-1 of fresh FYM is applied. Thus, the CO2 fixation will increase by 46.7 kg by applying 1 t fresh FYM. To apply organic manure continuously in rice fields may reduce the contribution to the increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.展开更多
Major advances have been made over the last decade in our understanding of the molecular basis ofseveral cardiac conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the first cardiac disorder in whicha genetic basis was...Major advances have been made over the last decade in our understanding of the molecular basis ofseveral cardiac conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the first cardiac disorder in whicha genetic basis was identified and as such, has acted as a paradigm for the study of an inherited cardiacdisorder. HCM can result in clinical symptoms ranging from no symptoms to severe heart failure andpremature sudden death. HCM is the commonest cause of sudden death in those aged less than 35 years,including competitive athletes. At least ten genes have now been identified, defects in which cause HCM.All of these genes encode proteins which comprise the basic contractile unit of the heart, i.e. the sarcomere.While much is now known about which genes cause disease and the various clinical presentations, very littleis known about how these gene defects cause disease, and what factors modify the expression of the mutantgenes. Studies in both cell culture and animal models of HCM are now beginning to shed light on thesignalling pathways involved in HCM, and the role of both environmental and genetic modifying factors.Understanding these mechanisms will ultimately improve our knowledge of the basic biology of heart musclefunction, and will therefore provide new avenues for treating cardiovascular disease in man.展开更多
The zonal soils in the south subtropical zone of Fujian are lateritic red soils. A type of dark clayeysoils, which was historically defined as lateritic red soils, derived from weathering products of the basalts wasin...The zonal soils in the south subtropical zone of Fujian are lateritic red soils. A type of dark clayeysoils, which was historically defined as lateritic red soils, derived from weathering products of the basalts wasindicated by the investigation results to be markedly different from lateritic red soils and could be classifiedas Typical Hapluderts. They are distributed as complex zones with the lateritic red soils. The vertisolsin this region were considered as a type of lithogenic soils and the vertic chararteristics delay and inhibitthe soils from allitic processes and then formed an independent soil type. The vertisols have higher fertilityand better agricultural production characters than the lateritic red soils. The different ways in utilizing andmanaging these soils arcording to their properties and fertility are also suggested.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood.Over the years many studies have proposed various pathophysiological ...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood.Over the years many studies have proposed various pathophysiological hypotheses,among which the currently most widely accepted is the"multiple parallel hits"theory.According to this model,lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes and insulin resistance increase the vulnerability of the liver to many factors that act in a coordinated and cooperative manner to promote hepatic injury,inflammation and fibrosis.Among these factors,adipose tissue dysfunction and subsequent chronic low grade inflammation play a crucial role.Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exerts an immune-regulating action on adipose tissue,and the growing wealth of epidemiological data is demonstrating that hypovitaminosis D is associated with both obesity and NAFLD.Furthermore,given the strong association between these conditions,current findings suggest that vitamin D may be involved in the relationship between adipose tissue dysfunction and NAFLD.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in relation to adipose tissue dysfunction,and in the pathophysiology linking vitamin D deficiency with NAFLD and adiposity,together with an overview of the evidence available on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in cases of NAFLD.展开更多
[Objective] The historical evolution pattern of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） fertilizer application rate and its effects on lint cotton yield were explored to provide the theoretical basis for ...[Objective] The historical evolution pattern of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） fertilizer application rate and its effects on lint cotton yield were explored to provide the theoretical basis for reasonable fertilizer management strate-gy in the cotton planting region of the Yangtze River Val ey. [Method] GGE biplot analysis method was adopted to analyze the correlation among N, P and K fertilizer application rate and lint cotton yield with the dataset of national cotton regional trials of the Yangtze River Val ey during 1991-2013. The linear and nonlinear regression analysis method was used to reveal the evolution of the fertilizer applying patterns, and analyze the effects of N, P, K application rates on cotton lint yield. [Result] The application rates of N, P and K fertilizer presented highly significant positive corre-lation with lint cotton yield, among which the potassium fertilizer was the strongest relative factor with lint cotton yield, fol owed by phosphorus fertilizer, while nitrogen fertilizer was the weakest factor. The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was relat-ed with the test year in the pattern of a quadratic function, while phosphate and potassium had progressive increase linear relation with the test year in the cotton planting region of the Yangtze River Val ey. Meanwhile, cotton lint yield was in re-sponse to nitrogen fertilizer content increase with a quadratic parabola function, and increased with the applying phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer content with linearly increasing function. [Conclusion] The increasing application amount of N, P and K fertilizer was general y beneficial to cotton yield improvements, however, ex-orbitant applying nitrogen fertilizer was unfavorable for cotton production, and a reasonable mixture formula of N, P and K fertilizer was better in terms of cotton yield-increasing effect.展开更多
Paper mill sludge （PMS） is a kind of bio-solid waste. The technology of aerobic composting of PMS was investigated. The ratio of the material components was as follows, sludge：chicken dung：spill=6kg：2kg：4kg, whi...Paper mill sludge （PMS） is a kind of bio-solid waste. The technology of aerobic composting of PMS was investigated. The ratio of the material components was as follows, sludge：chicken dung：spill=6kg：2kg：4kg, which could attain 55% moisture content （MC） and 25 the ration of carbon to nitrogen （C/N）. The aeration rule of fan was controlled by single chip microcomputer （SCM）. During composting, the system temperature more than 55℃ lasted for 3 days, pH changed in the range of 6.5-8.5 and MC changed between 53% to 60%. PMS became mature on the 20th day. The germination index （GI） of compost attained 95% or so and coliform was 23/100 ml volatile solid （VS） and organic carbon （OC） were stable at the content of 60% and 30%, respectively. The result showed that this technology could make the sludge stable and innocuous. A pot experiment with latosolic red soil mixed with paper mill sludge compost （PMSC） was carried on. The result showed that PMSC could increase the crop biomass, the soil nutrients and the physical characteristics of the soil, such as OC, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）. The total amount of heavy metals in the soil was measured to be lower than the Environmental standard for soil in China （GB15618-1995）. So PMSC was a good and safe soil amendment.展开更多
The processes of nutrient depletion and soil degradation within smallholder farms of central Kenya are spatially heterogeneous, determined by both biophysical and socio-economic factors. A monitoring study involving n...The processes of nutrient depletion and soil degradation within smallholder farms of central Kenya are spatially heterogeneous, determined by both biophysical and socio-economic factors. A monitoring study involving nutrient stocks, flows and balances was conducted in central Kenya to explore between and within-farm variability in soil fertility management and identify spatial niches for targeting soil fertility management strategies. Focus group discussions were conducted and farms grouped into 3 farm types （rich, medium and poor）. Nine case-study farms - three from each of the farm types - were randomly selected from the 50 farms studied, for detailed resource flow mapping. The farms were visited to record movement of nutrients inputs using a monitoring protocol covering soil, crops, livestock, and socio-economic aspects of the farm. Soil in different plots were sampled at a depth of 0-20 cm and analyzed for texture, pH, C, N, available P, exchangeable K＋, Mg2＋ and Ca2＋. Results revealed that wealthy farmers added an average of 51.3 kg/ha N, 37 kg/ha P, and 244 kg/ha K, compared to 25.9 kg/ha N, 14.5 kg/ha P and 50.7 kg/ha K for the poor farmers. In all farm types, home fields received more nutrient inputs compared to the outfields. Consequently, maize grain yields, partial nutrient balances and soil nutrient stocks were significantly higher in wealthy farms and home fields compared to poor farms and outfields, respectively. These results imply that different soil management strategies are required to achieve similar yields on the different field and farm types and avert soil degradation.展开更多
A device to activate lignite and sludge by electro-hydraulic impulse is presented. It comprises an impulse current generator constituted by a high voltage transformer, a high voltage silicon rectifier, a current-limit...A device to activate lignite and sludge by electro-hydraulic impulse is presented. It comprises an impulse current generator constituted by a high voltage transformer, a high voltage silicon rectifier, a current-limiting resistor, a capacitor bank and an air-break switch, and a lignite and sludge appliance made up of two plane electrodes and a working chamber. The installation activates the lignite or sludge delivered to the working chamber by the impulse current that is from the generator to puncture the main gap in the working chamber, raise the temperature therein up to (20 000 to 40 000) K and the energy density to as high as 109 Jm-3, and form a plasma piston. The alternative development and attenuation of plasma expansion makes the lignite in a number of physical and chemical processes resulting in diverse active radicals and ions, and also breaks it into grains mostly smaller than 250 mm. It is founded by experimental study that the technology can raise the content of nitro-nitrogen by 1.4 to 1.5 times and that of dissoluble organic substances by 5 to 10 times which is probably attributed to the decomposition of the ample germs in the lignite. The calculated power requirement to activate lignite is about (50 to 60) kWht-1. In comparison with muck applied to cucumber cultivation, the activated lignite demonstrates its features as an effective and economical green fertilizer by the same yield with half amount. These findings imply a promising access to green fertilizer.展开更多
It is important to understand the effects of temporal changes in microbial communities in the acidic soils of tea orchards with different fertilizers. A field experiment involving organic fertilizer （OF）, chemical f...It is important to understand the effects of temporal changes in microbial communities in the acidic soils of tea orchards with different fertilizers. A field experiment involving organic fertilizer （OF）, chemical fertilizer （CF）, and unfertilized control （CK） treatments was arranged to analyze the temporal changes in the bacterial and archaeal communities at bimonthly intervals based on the 16S ribosomal RNA （rRNA） gene using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RFLP） profiling. The abundances of total bacteria, total archaea, and selected functional genes （bacterial and archaeal amoA, bacterial narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ） were determined by quantitative poly- merase chain reaction （qPCR）. The results indicate that the structures of bacterial and archaeal communities varied significantly with time and fertilization based on changes in the relative abundance of dominant T-RFs. The abundancy of the detected genes changed with time. The total bacteria, total archaea, and archaeal amoA were less abundant in July. The bacterial amoA and denitrifying genes were less abundant in September, except the nirK gene. The OF treatment increased the abundance of the observed genes, while the CF treatment had little influence on them. The soil temperature significantly affected the bacterial and archaeal community structures. The soil moisture was signif- icantly correlated with the abundance of denitrifying genes. Of the soil chemical properties, soil organic carbon was the most important factor and was significantly correlated with the abundance of the detected genes, except the nirK gene. Overall, this study demonstrated the effects of both temporal alteration and organic fertilizer on the structures of mi- crobial communities and the abundance of genes involved in the nitrogen cycle.展开更多
Objective： To investigate effects of different treatment on celiac mast cell degranulation in mice with allergic rhinitis induced with ovum albumin （OVA）. Methods： 60 female mice were randomly divided into five gr...Objective： To investigate effects of different treatment on celiac mast cell degranulation in mice with allergic rhinitis induced with ovum albumin （OVA）. Methods： 60 female mice were randomly divided into five groups, 12 mice in each, which were treated with different methods. Then, the celiac mast cells were separated and degranulation rate was calculated after stained with neutral red. Results： the rates of mast cell degranulation were （15±6）%, （53±11）%, （37±13）%, （31±15）%, and （47±14）% in normal group, OVA group, point application group, hormone group, and PBS group. There is obvious degranulation in the celiac mast cells of mice with OVA-induced allergic rhinitis. Point application and dexamethasone treatment could relieve the mast cell degranulation, whereas, PBS has no effect on the mast cell degranulation. Conclusion： the mechanism of antianaphylaxis of point application may lie on stabilizing the mast cell membrane, and inhibiting degranulation to reduce the inflammatory mediator.展开更多
文摘The observations of 25-yr long-term experiment in Zhejiang paddy soils showed that the soil organic matter could increase continuously with applying organic manure, and the increase in rate enhanced along with the application rates of organic manure. By mathematical modeling, the soil organic matter increased by 22 kg when 1 t of fresh FYM was applied. The CO2 emission resulting from the mineralization of soil organic matter increased with the increase in the application rate of the organic manure as well as the increase in the root residues. It is expected that the CO2 emission will be at 10.04-21.61 t ha-1 yr-1 when 16.5-49.5 t ha-1 yr-1 of fresh FYM is applied. The soil organic carbon from mineralization and release of applied organic carbon (fresh FYM and root residues) will affect the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. So, the higher the application rate of organic manure, the more is the fixed organic carbon. The CO2 fixation will be at 1.885-3.463 t ha-1 yr-1 when 16.5-49.5 t ha-1 yr-1 of fresh FYM is applied. Thus, the CO2 fixation will increase by 46.7 kg by applying 1 t fresh FYM. To apply organic manure continuously in rice fields may reduce the contribution to the increase of CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.
文摘Major advances have been made over the last decade in our understanding of the molecular basis ofseveral cardiac conditions. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) was the first cardiac disorder in whicha genetic basis was identified and as such, has acted as a paradigm for the study of an inherited cardiacdisorder. HCM can result in clinical symptoms ranging from no symptoms to severe heart failure andpremature sudden death. HCM is the commonest cause of sudden death in those aged less than 35 years,including competitive athletes. At least ten genes have now been identified, defects in which cause HCM.All of these genes encode proteins which comprise the basic contractile unit of the heart, i.e. the sarcomere.While much is now known about which genes cause disease and the various clinical presentations, very littleis known about how these gene defects cause disease, and what factors modify the expression of the mutantgenes. Studies in both cell culture and animal models of HCM are now beginning to shed light on thesignalling pathways involved in HCM, and the role of both environmental and genetic modifying factors.Understanding these mechanisms will ultimately improve our knowledge of the basic biology of heart musclefunction, and will therefore provide new avenues for treating cardiovascular disease in man.
文摘The zonal soils in the south subtropical zone of Fujian are lateritic red soils. A type of dark clayeysoils, which was historically defined as lateritic red soils, derived from weathering products of the basalts wasindicated by the investigation results to be markedly different from lateritic red soils and could be classifiedas Typical Hapluderts. They are distributed as complex zones with the lateritic red soils. The vertisolsin this region were considered as a type of lithogenic soils and the vertic chararteristics delay and inhibitthe soils from allitic processes and then formed an independent soil type. The vertisols have higher fertilityand better agricultural production characters than the lateritic red soils. The different ways in utilizing andmanaging these soils arcording to their properties and fertility are also suggested.
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide.Its pathogenesis is complex and not yet fully understood.Over the years many studies have proposed various pathophysiological hypotheses,among which the currently most widely accepted is the"multiple parallel hits"theory.According to this model,lipid accumulation in the hepatocytes and insulin resistance increase the vulnerability of the liver to many factors that act in a coordinated and cooperative manner to promote hepatic injury,inflammation and fibrosis.Among these factors,adipose tissue dysfunction and subsequent chronic low grade inflammation play a crucial role.Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exerts an immune-regulating action on adipose tissue,and the growing wealth of epidemiological data is demonstrating that hypovitaminosis D is associated with both obesity and NAFLD.Furthermore,given the strong association between these conditions,current findings suggest that vitamin D may be involved in the relationship between adipose tissue dysfunction and NAFLD.The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of recent advances in the pathogenesis of NAFLD in relation to adipose tissue dysfunction,and in the pathophysiology linking vitamin D deficiency with NAFLD and adiposity,together with an overview of the evidence available on the clinical utility of vitamin D supplementation in cases of NAFLD.
基金Supported by National Major Projects for the GMO Cultivation of New Varieties in China(2012ZX08013015)
文摘[Objective] The historical evolution pattern of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） fertilizer application rate and its effects on lint cotton yield were explored to provide the theoretical basis for reasonable fertilizer management strate-gy in the cotton planting region of the Yangtze River Val ey. [Method] GGE biplot analysis method was adopted to analyze the correlation among N, P and K fertilizer application rate and lint cotton yield with the dataset of national cotton regional trials of the Yangtze River Val ey during 1991-2013. The linear and nonlinear regression analysis method was used to reveal the evolution of the fertilizer applying patterns, and analyze the effects of N, P, K application rates on cotton lint yield. [Result] The application rates of N, P and K fertilizer presented highly significant positive corre-lation with lint cotton yield, among which the potassium fertilizer was the strongest relative factor with lint cotton yield, fol owed by phosphorus fertilizer, while nitrogen fertilizer was the weakest factor. The application rate of nitrogen fertilizer was relat-ed with the test year in the pattern of a quadratic function, while phosphate and potassium had progressive increase linear relation with the test year in the cotton planting region of the Yangtze River Val ey. Meanwhile, cotton lint yield was in re-sponse to nitrogen fertilizer content increase with a quadratic parabola function, and increased with the applying phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer content with linearly increasing function. [Conclusion] The increasing application amount of N, P and K fertilizer was general y beneficial to cotton yield improvements, however, ex-orbitant applying nitrogen fertilizer was unfavorable for cotton production, and a reasonable mixture formula of N, P and K fertilizer was better in terms of cotton yield-increasing effect.
文摘Paper mill sludge （PMS） is a kind of bio-solid waste. The technology of aerobic composting of PMS was investigated. The ratio of the material components was as follows, sludge：chicken dung：spill=6kg：2kg：4kg, which could attain 55% moisture content （MC） and 25 the ration of carbon to nitrogen （C/N）. The aeration rule of fan was controlled by single chip microcomputer （SCM）. During composting, the system temperature more than 55℃ lasted for 3 days, pH changed in the range of 6.5-8.5 and MC changed between 53% to 60%. PMS became mature on the 20th day. The germination index （GI） of compost attained 95% or so and coliform was 23/100 ml volatile solid （VS） and organic carbon （OC） were stable at the content of 60% and 30%, respectively. The result showed that this technology could make the sludge stable and innocuous. A pot experiment with latosolic red soil mixed with paper mill sludge compost （PMSC） was carried on. The result showed that PMSC could increase the crop biomass, the soil nutrients and the physical characteristics of the soil, such as OC, total nitrogen （TN）, total phosphorus （TP）. The total amount of heavy metals in the soil was measured to be lower than the Environmental standard for soil in China （GB15618-1995）. So PMSC was a good and safe soil amendment.
文摘The processes of nutrient depletion and soil degradation within smallholder farms of central Kenya are spatially heterogeneous, determined by both biophysical and socio-economic factors. A monitoring study involving nutrient stocks, flows and balances was conducted in central Kenya to explore between and within-farm variability in soil fertility management and identify spatial niches for targeting soil fertility management strategies. Focus group discussions were conducted and farms grouped into 3 farm types （rich, medium and poor）. Nine case-study farms - three from each of the farm types - were randomly selected from the 50 farms studied, for detailed resource flow mapping. The farms were visited to record movement of nutrients inputs using a monitoring protocol covering soil, crops, livestock, and socio-economic aspects of the farm. Soil in different plots were sampled at a depth of 0-20 cm and analyzed for texture, pH, C, N, available P, exchangeable K＋, Mg2＋ and Ca2＋. Results revealed that wealthy farmers added an average of 51.3 kg/ha N, 37 kg/ha P, and 244 kg/ha K, compared to 25.9 kg/ha N, 14.5 kg/ha P and 50.7 kg/ha K for the poor farmers. In all farm types, home fields received more nutrient inputs compared to the outfields. Consequently, maize grain yields, partial nutrient balances and soil nutrient stocks were significantly higher in wealthy farms and home fields compared to poor farms and outfields, respectively. These results imply that different soil management strategies are required to achieve similar yields on the different field and farm types and avert soil degradation.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59979029)
文摘A device to activate lignite and sludge by electro-hydraulic impulse is presented. It comprises an impulse current generator constituted by a high voltage transformer, a high voltage silicon rectifier, a current-limiting resistor, a capacitor bank and an air-break switch, and a lignite and sludge appliance made up of two plane electrodes and a working chamber. The installation activates the lignite or sludge delivered to the working chamber by the impulse current that is from the generator to puncture the main gap in the working chamber, raise the temperature therein up to (20 000 to 40 000) K and the energy density to as high as 109 Jm-3, and form a plasma piston. The alternative development and attenuation of plasma expansion makes the lignite in a number of physical and chemical processes resulting in diverse active radicals and ions, and also breaks it into grains mostly smaller than 250 mm. It is founded by experimental study that the technology can raise the content of nitro-nitrogen by 1.4 to 1.5 times and that of dissoluble organic substances by 5 to 10 times which is probably attributed to the decomposition of the ample germs in the lignite. The calculated power requirement to activate lignite is about (50 to 60) kWht-1. In comparison with muck applied to cucumber cultivation, the activated lignite demonstrates its features as an effective and economical green fertilizer by the same yield with half amount. These findings imply a promising access to green fertilizer.
基金supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(No.20130101110127)the Project of Zhejiang Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team(No.2010R50039),China
文摘It is important to understand the effects of temporal changes in microbial communities in the acidic soils of tea orchards with different fertilizers. A field experiment involving organic fertilizer （OF）, chemical fertilizer （CF）, and unfertilized control （CK） treatments was arranged to analyze the temporal changes in the bacterial and archaeal communities at bimonthly intervals based on the 16S ribosomal RNA （rRNA） gene using terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism （T-RFLP） profiling. The abundances of total bacteria, total archaea, and selected functional genes （bacterial and archaeal amoA, bacterial narG, nirK, nirS, and nosZ） were determined by quantitative poly- merase chain reaction （qPCR）. The results indicate that the structures of bacterial and archaeal communities varied significantly with time and fertilization based on changes in the relative abundance of dominant T-RFs. The abundancy of the detected genes changed with time. The total bacteria, total archaea, and archaeal amoA were less abundant in July. The bacterial amoA and denitrifying genes were less abundant in September, except the nirK gene. The OF treatment increased the abundance of the observed genes, while the CF treatment had little influence on them. The soil temperature significantly affected the bacterial and archaeal community structures. The soil moisture was signif- icantly correlated with the abundance of denitrifying genes. Of the soil chemical properties, soil organic carbon was the most important factor and was significantly correlated with the abundance of the detected genes, except the nirK gene. Overall, this study demonstrated the effects of both temporal alteration and organic fertilizer on the structures of mi- crobial communities and the abundance of genes involved in the nitrogen cycle.
文摘Objective： To investigate effects of different treatment on celiac mast cell degranulation in mice with allergic rhinitis induced with ovum albumin （OVA）. Methods： 60 female mice were randomly divided into five groups, 12 mice in each, which were treated with different methods. Then, the celiac mast cells were separated and degranulation rate was calculated after stained with neutral red. Results： the rates of mast cell degranulation were （15±6）%, （53±11）%, （37±13）%, （31±15）%, and （47±14）% in normal group, OVA group, point application group, hormone group, and PBS group. There is obvious degranulation in the celiac mast cells of mice with OVA-induced allergic rhinitis. Point application and dexamethasone treatment could relieve the mast cell degranulation, whereas, PBS has no effect on the mast cell degranulation. Conclusion： the mechanism of antianaphylaxis of point application may lie on stabilizing the mast cell membrane, and inhibiting degranulation to reduce the inflammatory mediator.
