Chemical inducement and DDRT-PCR （differential display reverse transcription PCR） are adopted to investigate the effect of epinephrine （EPI） on the settlement and metamorphosis of Manila clam larvae. Chemical indu...Chemical inducement and DDRT-PCR （differential display reverse transcription PCR） are adopted to investigate the effect of epinephrine （EPI） on the settlement and metamorphosis of Manila clam larvae. Chemical inducement shows that EPI has an effect to some extent on the metamorphosis of Manila clam larvae at all concentrations and in all treatments designed. The most significant result of inducement is obtained at the concentration of 10^-6 tool L^-1 and for 4 h. DDRT-PCR using six primer pairs shows that the gene expression pattern is quite different between EPI treatment and the control. Three hundred and forty-three amplification bands are obtained in total, among which, 67 （19.53%） are differentially appeared. Therefore, EPI has an effect on the gene expression of the eye spot larval Manila clam. It can be hypothesized that EPI is a settlement and metamorphosis inducer for Manila clam. EPI may lead to larvae settlement and metamorphosis by binding to the receptors on the membrane and then changing the gene expression of larvae cells.展开更多
Low larval survival,poor settlement,and abnormal metamorphosis are major problems in seed production of donkey-ear abalone Haliotis asinina.We examined the effects of chemical cues including epinephrine,nor-epinephrin...Low larval survival,poor settlement,and abnormal metamorphosis are major problems in seed production of donkey-ear abalone Haliotis asinina.We examined the effects of chemical cues including epinephrine,nor-epinephrine,and serotonin on larval survival,settlement,and metamorphosis in order to determine the possibility of using these chemicals to induce the problems.The results show that epinephrine could enhance metamorphosis rate at 10-6 mol/L only but higher concentrations(10-3-10-4 mol/L);and nor-epinephrine could inhibit the performance significantly,and serotonin could increase significantly the performance at a wide-range concentration(10-3-10-6 mol/L).Treatment with serotonin at 10-5 mol/L for 72 hours resulted in the highest settlement rate(42.2%) and survival rate(49.3%),while at 10-4 mol/L for 72 hours resulted in the highest metamorphosis rate(38.8%).Therefore,serotonin may be used as a fast metamorphosis inducer in abalone culture.展开更多
Using the high-resolution Terahertz Time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and the standard sample pellet technique, the far-infrared vibrational spectra of clenbuterol hydrochloride (CH), a 2 -adrenergic agonist for decr...Using the high-resolution Terahertz Time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and the standard sample pellet technique, the far-infrared vibrational spectra of clenbuterol hydrochloride (CH), a 2 -adrenergic agonist for decreasing fat deposition and enhancing protein accretion, were measured in temperature range of 77-295 K. Between 0.2 and 3.6 THz (6.6-120.0 cm-1 ), seven highly resolved spectral features, strong line-narrowing and a frequency blue-shift were observed with cooling. However, ractopamine hydrochloride, with some structural and pharmacological similarities to clenbuterol hydrochloride, showed no spectral features, indicating high sensitivity and strong specificity of THz-TDS. These results could be used for the rapid and nondestructive CH residual detection in food safety control.展开更多
Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test （FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level） and hippocampal monoamine levels （markers of d...Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test （FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level） and hippocampal monoamine levels （markers of depression）, plasma adrenalin level （a peripheral marker of stress） as well as fluoro-jade C staining （a marker of neurodegeneration）. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute, sub-chronic （7 d） or chronic （14 d） FSTs and immobility time was recorded. Levels of noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine in the hippocampus, and adrenalin level in the plasma were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Brain sections from rats after chronic forced swimming or rotenone treatment （3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 d） were stained with fluoro-jade C. Results The rats subjected to swimming stress （acute, sub-chronic and chronic） showed long immobility times [（214 ± 5）, （220 ± 4） and （231 ± 7） s, respectively], indicating that the animals were under stress. However, the rats did not exhibit significant declines in hippocampal monoamine levels, and the plasma adrenalin level was not significantly increased compared to that in unstressed rats. The rats that underwent chronic swimming stress did not manifest fluoro-jade C staining in brain sections, while degenerating neurons were evident after rotenone treatment. Conclusion The immobility time in the FST does not correlate with markers of depression （monoamine levels） and internal stress （adrenalin levels and neurodegeneration）, hence this parameter may not be a true indicator of stress level.展开更多
文摘Chemical inducement and DDRT-PCR （differential display reverse transcription PCR） are adopted to investigate the effect of epinephrine （EPI） on the settlement and metamorphosis of Manila clam larvae. Chemical inducement shows that EPI has an effect to some extent on the metamorphosis of Manila clam larvae at all concentrations and in all treatments designed. The most significant result of inducement is obtained at the concentration of 10^-6 tool L^-1 and for 4 h. DDRT-PCR using six primer pairs shows that the gene expression pattern is quite different between EPI treatment and the control. Three hundred and forty-three amplification bands are obtained in total, among which, 67 （19.53%） are differentially appeared. Therefore, EPI has an effect on the gene expression of the eye spot larval Manila clam. It can be hypothesized that EPI is a settlement and metamorphosis inducer for Manila clam. EPI may lead to larvae settlement and metamorphosis by binding to the receptors on the membrane and then changing the gene expression of larvae cells.
基金Support by the Key Scientific and Technological Project of Hainan Province (No. 080137)the Key Project of University (No. hd09×m10)
文摘Low larval survival,poor settlement,and abnormal metamorphosis are major problems in seed production of donkey-ear abalone Haliotis asinina.We examined the effects of chemical cues including epinephrine,nor-epinephrine,and serotonin on larval survival,settlement,and metamorphosis in order to determine the possibility of using these chemicals to induce the problems.The results show that epinephrine could enhance metamorphosis rate at 10-6 mol/L only but higher concentrations(10-3-10-4 mol/L);and nor-epinephrine could inhibit the performance significantly,and serotonin could increase significantly the performance at a wide-range concentration(10-3-10-6 mol/L).Treatment with serotonin at 10-5 mol/L for 72 hours resulted in the highest settlement rate(42.2%) and survival rate(49.3%),while at 10-4 mol/L for 72 hours resulted in the highest metamorphosis rate(38.8%).Therefore,serotonin may be used as a fast metamorphosis inducer in abalone culture.
基金partly supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11104360 and11204191)+2 种基金Project 985 (Grant no. 98507-010009)Project 211 of the Ministry of Education of Chinathe Under graduate Innoviative Test Program funded by Minzu University of China (Grant No. URTP2012-110005)
文摘Using the high-resolution Terahertz Time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) and the standard sample pellet technique, the far-infrared vibrational spectra of clenbuterol hydrochloride (CH), a 2 -adrenergic agonist for decreasing fat deposition and enhancing protein accretion, were measured in temperature range of 77-295 K. Between 0.2 and 3.6 THz (6.6-120.0 cm-1 ), seven highly resolved spectral features, strong line-narrowing and a frequency blue-shift were observed with cooling. However, ractopamine hydrochloride, with some structural and pharmacological similarities to clenbuterol hydrochloride, showed no spectral features, indicating high sensitivity and strong specificity of THz-TDS. These results could be used for the rapid and nondestructive CH residual detection in food safety control.
文摘Objective The current study was aimed to investigate the correlations between immobility time in the forced swimming test （FST, a behavioral indicator of stress level） and hippocampal monoamine levels （markers of depression）, plasma adrenalin level （a peripheral marker of stress） as well as fluoro-jade C staining （a marker of neurodegeneration）. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute, sub-chronic （7 d） or chronic （14 d） FSTs and immobility time was recorded. Levels of noradrenalin, serotonin and dopamine in the hippocampus, and adrenalin level in the plasma were quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. Brain sections from rats after chronic forced swimming or rotenone treatment （3 mg/kg subcutaneously for 4 d） were stained with fluoro-jade C. Results The rats subjected to swimming stress （acute, sub-chronic and chronic） showed long immobility times [（214 ± 5）, （220 ± 4） and （231 ± 7） s, respectively], indicating that the animals were under stress. However, the rats did not exhibit significant declines in hippocampal monoamine levels, and the plasma adrenalin level was not significantly increased compared to that in unstressed rats. The rats that underwent chronic swimming stress did not manifest fluoro-jade C staining in brain sections, while degenerating neurons were evident after rotenone treatment. Conclusion The immobility time in the FST does not correlate with markers of depression （monoamine levels） and internal stress （adrenalin levels and neurodegeneration）, hence this parameter may not be a true indicator of stress level.
