有限集模型预测控制方法(finite control set model predictive control,FCS-MPC)因其能够实现多目标的控制,在模块化多电平变换器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)中得到广泛应用。随着子模块数量增加,模型预测控制方法计算量呈指...有限集模型预测控制方法(finite control set model predictive control,FCS-MPC)因其能够实现多目标的控制,在模块化多电平变换器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)中得到广泛应用。随着子模块数量增加,模型预测控制方法计算量呈指数增长,面临计算复杂度高、权重因子难以整定等问题。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种基于多变量校正控制集的MMC模型预测控制策略(multi-variate adjusting set predictive control,MAS-MPC)。该策略基于输出电流与桥臂电压差对子模块投入控制集进行快速校正,通过评估两个成本函数得到最优开关矢量。此外,提出了一种基于分化中项的电容电压平衡方案,可以有效降低排序算法的复杂度。为了验证所提策略的有效性,使用Matlab/Simulink软件平台搭建了10电平的三相MMC系统,并与传统方案进行比较。所提方案在降低输出电流与环流的谐波含量的同时,大幅减少了系统的计算量,使得系统具有更快速的动态响应速度。展开更多
为进一步提高FTIR光谱法实现特征吸收光谱严重重叠的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、异丁烷、正丁烷、异戊烷以及正戊烷七组分混合气体定量分析的精度和速度,提出一种核偏最小二乘(Kernel Partial Least Square,KPLS)特征提取耦合支持向量回归机(Sup...为进一步提高FTIR光谱法实现特征吸收光谱严重重叠的甲烷、乙烷、丙烷、异丁烷、正丁烷、异戊烷以及正戊烷七组分混合气体定量分析的精度和速度,提出一种核偏最小二乘(Kernel Partial Least Square,KPLS)特征提取耦合支持向量回归机(Support Vector Regression Machine,SVR)的红外光谱定量分析新方法.首先采用KPLS方法对上述七组分混合气体的FTIR光谱进行特征提取,然后将特征提取得到的特征组分作为SVR的输入建立混合气体的定量分析模型.对标准混合气体进行定量分析的结果显示:KPLS-SVR模型的预测精度高于未进行特征提取SVR模型预测的精度,同时预测时间也减少了一半.研究表明,KPLS法可以很好地提取隐含在混合气体FTIR光谱数据与其组分浓度之间的非线性特征并有效地消除光谱数据噪声,大幅度降低数据维数,与SVR耦合可以提高红外光谱分析的精度和速度,是一种有效的红外光谱定量分析方法.展开更多
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cardiovascular disease share common risk factors. Inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin 6 (IL- 6), soluble tumor necrosis factor...Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cardiovascular disease share common risk factors. Inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin 6 (IL- 6), soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2, soluble intercellular and vascular adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), and lipid biomarkers, including lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein B, have all been associated with cardiovascular disease. We previously found an association betweenAMD and CRP in a cross-sectional analysis, but the prospective relationships between AMD, CRP, and the other cardiovascular disease markers are unknown. Objective: To test the hypothesis that baseline cardiovascular disease biomarkers are associated with subsequent increased risk for progression ofAMD.Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study involved 251 participants aged 60 years and older who had some sign of nonexudative AMD and visual acuity of 20/200 or better in at least one eye at baseline. The AMD status was assessed by standardized grading of fundus photographs, and stored fasting blood specimens obtained at baseline were analyzed for levels of the various biomarkers. The average follow-up time was 4.6 years. Main Outcome Measures: Relationship between biomarkers and incidence rates of progression of AMD. Results: Comparing the highest quartile with the lowest quartile, CRP was associated with progression of AMD, with a multivariate adjusted relative risk (RR) of 2.10 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06- 4.18; P for trend, .046) controlling for body mass index, smoking, and other cardiovascular variables and a multivariate adjusted RR of 2.02 (95% CI, 1.00- 4.04; P for trend, .06) controlling additionally for antioxidant nutrients. Interleukin 6 was also related to progression of AMD, with a multivariate adjusted RR of 1.81 (95% CI, 0.97- 3.36; P for trend, .03). Comparing the highest quartile with the lowest quartile, the effect estimates for vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (multivariate adjusted RR, 1.94) and apolipo-proteinB (adjusted RR, 1.39) were in the positive direction but were not statistically significant (P for trend, .08 and .24, respectively). The CRP and IL- 6 levels were both significantly related to higher body mass index and current smoking. Conclusions: Higher levels of the systemic inflammatory markers CRP and IL- 6 are independently associated with progression of AMD.展开更多
文摘有限集模型预测控制方法(finite control set model predictive control,FCS-MPC)因其能够实现多目标的控制,在模块化多电平变换器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)中得到广泛应用。随着子模块数量增加,模型预测控制方法计算量呈指数增长,面临计算复杂度高、权重因子难以整定等问题。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种基于多变量校正控制集的MMC模型预测控制策略(multi-variate adjusting set predictive control,MAS-MPC)。该策略基于输出电流与桥臂电压差对子模块投入控制集进行快速校正,通过评估两个成本函数得到最优开关矢量。此外,提出了一种基于分化中项的电容电压平衡方案,可以有效降低排序算法的复杂度。为了验证所提策略的有效性,使用Matlab/Simulink软件平台搭建了10电平的三相MMC系统,并与传统方案进行比较。所提方案在降低输出电流与环流的谐波含量的同时,大幅减少了系统的计算量,使得系统具有更快速的动态响应速度。
文摘Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and cardiovascular disease share common risk factors. Inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP),interleukin 6 (IL- 6), soluble tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor 2, soluble intercellular and vascular adhesion molecules (intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1), and lipid biomarkers, including lipoprotein(a) and apolipoprotein B, have all been associated with cardiovascular disease. We previously found an association betweenAMD and CRP in a cross-sectional analysis, but the prospective relationships between AMD, CRP, and the other cardiovascular disease markers are unknown. Objective: To test the hypothesis that baseline cardiovascular disease biomarkers are associated with subsequent increased risk for progression ofAMD.Design, Setting, and Participants: This prospective cohort study involved 251 participants aged 60 years and older who had some sign of nonexudative AMD and visual acuity of 20/200 or better in at least one eye at baseline. The AMD status was assessed by standardized grading of fundus photographs, and stored fasting blood specimens obtained at baseline were analyzed for levels of the various biomarkers. The average follow-up time was 4.6 years. Main Outcome Measures: Relationship between biomarkers and incidence rates of progression of AMD. Results: Comparing the highest quartile with the lowest quartile, CRP was associated with progression of AMD, with a multivariate adjusted relative risk (RR) of 2.10 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.06- 4.18; P for trend, .046) controlling for body mass index, smoking, and other cardiovascular variables and a multivariate adjusted RR of 2.02 (95% CI, 1.00- 4.04; P for trend, .06) controlling additionally for antioxidant nutrients. Interleukin 6 was also related to progression of AMD, with a multivariate adjusted RR of 1.81 (95% CI, 0.97- 3.36; P for trend, .03). Comparing the highest quartile with the lowest quartile, the effect estimates for vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (multivariate adjusted RR, 1.94) and apolipo-proteinB (adjusted RR, 1.39) were in the positive direction but were not statistically significant (P for trend, .08 and .24, respectively). The CRP and IL- 6 levels were both significantly related to higher body mass index and current smoking. Conclusions: Higher levels of the systemic inflammatory markers CRP and IL- 6 are independently associated with progression of AMD.
