Estimation of Q and inverse Q filtering for prestack reflected PP-and converted PS-waves

Multi-component seismic exploration technology, combining reflected PP- and converted PS-waves, is an effective tool for solving complicated oil and gas exploration problems. The improvement of converted wave resolution is one of the key problems. The main factor affecting converted wave resolution is the absorption of seismic waves in overlying strata. In order to remove the effect of absorption on converted waves, inverse Q filtering is used to improve the resolution. In this paper, we present a method to estimate the S-wave Q values from prestack converted wave gathers. Furthermore, we extend a stable and effective poststack inverse Q filtering method to prestack data which uses wave field continuation along the ray path to compensate for attenuation in prestack common shot PP- and PS-waves. The results of theoretical modeling prove that the method of estimating the S-wave Q values has high precision. The results from synthetic and real data prove that the stable inverse Q filtering method can effectively improve the resolution of prestack PP- and PS-waves.

偶极横波远探测测井中反射波振幅恢复方法

偶极横波远探测测井方法能够探测井外几十米范围内的裂缝或洞穴等地质构造,对于油气勘探和开发有着重要意义。考虑到横波在地层中传播时会产生能量衰减,导致传播路径较长的反射波振幅偏低且与之对应的井外远距离反射体的成像质量差,可引入一套反射波振幅恢复方法进行处理。该方法主要包括2个部分:①在考虑测井环境和计算单位等影响因素下改进波前扩散能量补偿公式,并将其用于恢复横波反射波在地层扩散中损耗的能量;②建立适用于处理测井资料的叠前反Q滤波公式,在增加振幅补偿高、低频极限等约束条件的基础上将公式用于计算补偿反射波的地层非弹性衰减。叠前反Q滤波法成功实施的关键在于获取准确的横波品质因子Q,对此提出一种利用实测和数值模拟偶极横波直达波联合计算Q的方法,该方法的核心在于通过数值模拟的直达波校正实测直达波振幅的几何扩散衰减量。研究结合现场实例的处理和分析验证了偶极横波反射波振幅补偿方法的可行性和有效性。