目的比较早产儿准备经口喂养评估量表(PIOFRA)、早产儿经口喂养能力评估量表(POFARA)对早产儿首次经口喂养结局的预测效能。方法本研究为横断面研究,采用便利抽样法,选取276例于2021年2月—2022年2月在空军军医大学第二附属医院和陕西...目的比较早产儿准备经口喂养评估量表(PIOFRA)、早产儿经口喂养能力评估量表(POFARA)对早产儿首次经口喂养结局的预测效能。方法本研究为横断面研究,采用便利抽样法,选取276例于2021年2月—2022年2月在空军军医大学第二附属医院和陕西中医药大学第二附属医院的新生儿重症监护室治疗的早产儿为研究对象,根据首次经口喂养结局将其分为首次经口喂养成功组(n=227)和首次经口喂养失败组(n=49)。采用PIOFRA和POFARA对其进行评估,采用受试者工作特征曲线下的面积(area under the curve,AUC)、灵敏度、特异度、约登指数等指标比较2种量表对早产儿首次经口喂养结局的预测效能。结果早产儿首次经口喂养成功率为82.25%(227/276)。首次经口喂养成功组的PIOFRA和POFARA评分均高于首次经口喂养失败组(P<0.01)。PIOFRA的AUC为0.830,当总分为27.00分时,灵敏度为78.40%、特异度为75.50%、约登指数为0.539(P<0.01),预测效能最高;POFARA的AUC为0.928,当总分为33.00分时,灵敏度为79.70%、特异度为95.90%、约登指数为0.757(P<0.01),预测效能最高。POFARA的AUC、灵敏度、特异度、约登指数均大于PIOFRA。结论 POFARA预测效能高于PIOFRA,建议采用POFARA进行早产儿首次经口喂养结局的评估和预测。展开更多
We conducted behavior experiments on the roles of vision, olfaction, and the lateral line in feeding in tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis Gtinter. Chemical cues from the prey alone could not elicit any searching or a...We conducted behavior experiments on the roles of vision, olfaction, and the lateral line in feeding in tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis Gtinter. Chemical cues from the prey alone could not elicit any searching or attacking behavior by the fish; only when moving foods were presented, the chemical nature of the foods affected feeding. In addition, we found that normal tongue sole did not accurately recognize moving artificial prey of different shapes. Neither chemosense nor vision plays an important role in prey detection. Reactions to moving objects and the response of the oropharyngeal cavity to different foods showed that the （eyeless） tongue sole use mainly the lateral line for prey detection and capture. Gustation in the oropharyngeal cavity is essential for the fish to swallow its prey.展开更多
The population density of the white-tailed sea eagle Haliaeetus albicilla is very low in many countries. In last twenty years, the sea eagle population in South Bohemia was restored by strict protection subsidized by ...The population density of the white-tailed sea eagle Haliaeetus albicilla is very low in many countries. In last twenty years, the sea eagle population in South Bohemia was restored by strict protection subsidized by reintroduction, The active help consisted of feeding during winter and building of artificial nests. A new sea eagle breeding population arose in the Treboǎ basin area in the early 1980＇ s. Until this time sea eagles had used former breeding places only for wintering, probably coming from the Baltic. The South Bohemian sea eagle population is very unique： it exists in a densely man-occupied landscape, mainly in areas with very intensive carp breeding in artificial fishponds and was partly artficially （help to wintering birds and reintroduction of some individuals） restored. The experience from South Bohemia may have importance for populations of the sea eagle in other areas of its occurence, primarily in the continental conditions [ Current Zoology 55 （5） ： 315 - 318, 2009].展开更多
文摘目的比较早产儿准备经口喂养评估量表(PIOFRA)、早产儿经口喂养能力评估量表(POFARA)对早产儿首次经口喂养结局的预测效能。方法本研究为横断面研究,采用便利抽样法,选取276例于2021年2月—2022年2月在空军军医大学第二附属医院和陕西中医药大学第二附属医院的新生儿重症监护室治疗的早产儿为研究对象,根据首次经口喂养结局将其分为首次经口喂养成功组(n=227)和首次经口喂养失败组(n=49)。采用PIOFRA和POFARA对其进行评估,采用受试者工作特征曲线下的面积(area under the curve,AUC)、灵敏度、特异度、约登指数等指标比较2种量表对早产儿首次经口喂养结局的预测效能。结果早产儿首次经口喂养成功率为82.25%(227/276)。首次经口喂养成功组的PIOFRA和POFARA评分均高于首次经口喂养失败组(P<0.01)。PIOFRA的AUC为0.830,当总分为27.00分时,灵敏度为78.40%、特异度为75.50%、约登指数为0.539(P<0.01),预测效能最高;POFARA的AUC为0.928,当总分为33.00分时,灵敏度为79.70%、特异度为95.90%、约登指数为0.757(P<0.01),预测效能最高。POFARA的AUC、灵敏度、特异度、约登指数均大于PIOFRA。结论 POFARA预测效能高于PIOFRA,建议采用POFARA进行早产儿首次经口喂养结局的评估和预测。
基金Supported by Qingdao Natural Science Foundation (No. 09-1-3-10-jch)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30871913)+1 种基金"Taishan Scholar" Project Special Fundthe Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute Scientific and Research Fund
文摘We conducted behavior experiments on the roles of vision, olfaction, and the lateral line in feeding in tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis Gtinter. Chemical cues from the prey alone could not elicit any searching or attacking behavior by the fish; only when moving foods were presented, the chemical nature of the foods affected feeding. In addition, we found that normal tongue sole did not accurately recognize moving artificial prey of different shapes. Neither chemosense nor vision plays an important role in prey detection. Reactions to moving objects and the response of the oropharyngeal cavity to different foods showed that the （eyeless） tongue sole use mainly the lateral line for prey detection and capture. Gustation in the oropharyngeal cavity is essential for the fish to swallow its prey.
文摘The population density of the white-tailed sea eagle Haliaeetus albicilla is very low in many countries. In last twenty years, the sea eagle population in South Bohemia was restored by strict protection subsidized by reintroduction, The active help consisted of feeding during winter and building of artificial nests. A new sea eagle breeding population arose in the Treboǎ basin area in the early 1980＇ s. Until this time sea eagles had used former breeding places only for wintering, probably coming from the Baltic. The South Bohemian sea eagle population is very unique： it exists in a densely man-occupied landscape, mainly in areas with very intensive carp breeding in artificial fishponds and was partly artficially （help to wintering birds and reintroduction of some individuals） restored. The experience from South Bohemia may have importance for populations of the sea eagle in other areas of its occurence, primarily in the continental conditions [ Current Zoology 55 （5） ： 315 - 318, 2009].
