Based on analyzing the limit of Ziolkowski＇s bubble oscillation formulation,a new model with various physical factors is established to simulate air gun signatures fo marine seismic exploration.The practical effects ...Based on analyzing the limit of Ziolkowski＇s bubble oscillation formulation,a new model with various physical factors is established to simulate air gun signatures fo marine seismic exploration.The practical effects of physical factors,such as heat transfe across the bubble wall,air gun port throttling,vertical rise of the bubble,fluid viscosity,and the existence of the air gun body were all taken into account in the new model.Compared with Ziolkowski＇s model,the signatures simulated by the new model,with small peak amplitude and rapid decay of bubble oscillation,are more consistent with actual signatures The experiment analysis indicates：（1）gun port throttling controls the peak amplitude of ai gun pulse;（2）since the hydrostatic pressure decreases when the bubble rises,the bubble oscillation period changes;（3）heat transfer and fluid viscosity are the main factors tha explain the bubble oscillation damping.展开更多
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of continuous local anesthetic wound infiltration following open abdominal partial hepatectomy. Methods We performed a prospective, non-randomized, concurrent and con...Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of continuous local anesthetic wound infiltration following open abdominal partial hepatectomy. Methods We performed a prospective, non-randomized, concurrent and controlled study. Patients undergoing open abdominal partial hepatectomy, according to their willingness, accepted one of the following managements for the postoperative pain： continuous wound catheter （CWC） infiltration, patient-controlled epidural analgesia （PCEA）, patient-controlled intravenous analgesia of morphine （PCIAM）, and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia of sufentanil （PCIAS）. The primary outcome was postoperative visual analogue scale （VAS） scores at rest and on movement. Secondary outcomes included consumption of rescue medication, side effects, and complications associated with postoperative pain management. Results From August 2013 to December 2013, 80 patients were allocated to receive CWC （n=10）, PCEA （n=22）, PCIAM （n=29）, or PCIAS （n=19）. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, percentage of resected liver, operation time, and Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale, there was no significant difference in the VAS scores at rest or on movement between Group CWC and the other groups, namely PCEA, PCIAM, and PCIAS, at 4, 12, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively （all P〉0.05）. The need for rescue medication was not significantly different between Group CWC and the other three groups at 48 and 72 hours postoperatively （all P〉0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting or anal exsufflation time between group CWC and the other three groups （all P〉0.05）. No severe adverse effects associated with continuous wound infiltration were observed during the study period. Conclusions CWC has a comparable analgesic effect compared with traditional analgesia methods at most time points postoperatively. CWC is a safe alternative for the postoperative analgesic management of open liver surgery.展开更多
AIM： To assess the characteristics and quality of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration （EUS-FNA） in a large panel of endosonographers.METHODS： A survey was conducted during the 13th annual live...AIM： To assess the characteristics and quality of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration （EUS-FNA） in a large panel of endosonographers.METHODS： A survey was conducted during the 13th annual live course of endoscopic ultrasonography （EUS） held in Amsterdam, Netherlands. A 2-page question- naire was developed for the study. Content validity of the questionnaire was determined based on input by experts in the field and a review of the relevant literature. It contained 30 questions that pertained to demographics and the current practice for EUS-FNA of responders, including sampling technique, sample processing, cytopathological diagnosis and sensitivity of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of solid mass lesions. One hundred and sixty-one endosonographers whoattended the course were asked to answer the survey. This allowed assessing the current practice of EUS-FNA as well as the self-reported sensitivity of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of solid mass lesions. We also examined which factors were associated with a self-reported sensitivity of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of solid mass lesions 〉 80%.RESULTS： Completed surveys were collected from 92 （57.1%） of 161 endosonographers who attended the conference. The endosonographers had been practio ing endoscopy and EUS for 22.5 4. 7.8 years and 4.8 4- 4.1 years, respectively; one third of them worked in a hospital with an annual caseload 〉 100 EUS-FNA. Endoscopy practices were located in 29 countries, in- cluding 13 countries in Western Europe that totaled 75.3% of the responses. Only one third of endosonog raphers reported a sensitivity for the diagnosis of solid mass lesions 〉 80% （interquartile range of sensitivities, 25.0%-75.0%）. Factors independently associated with a sensitivity 〉 80% were （1） 〉 7 needle passes for pancreatic lesions or rapid on-site cytopathological evaluation （ROSE） （P 〈 0.0001）, （2） a high annual hospital caseload （P = 0.024） and （3） routine isolation of microcores from EUS-FNA samples （P = 0.042）. ROSE was routinely available to 27.9% of respondents. For lymph nodes and pancreatic masses, a maximum of three needle passes was performed by approximately two thirds of those who did not have ROSE. Microcores were routinely harvested from EUS-FNA samples by approximately one third （37.2%） of survey respondents.CONCLUSION： EUS-FNA sensitivity was considerably lower than reported in the literature. Low EUS-FNA sensitivity was associated with unavailability of ROSE, few needle passes, absence of microcore isolation and low hospital caseload.展开更多
Ulsan port is the hugest industry-oriented port in South Korea. It has the third highest traffic volume of cargo, and also it has the most liquid bulk in Korea. However, on account of thoughtless development, there ar...Ulsan port is the hugest industry-oriented port in South Korea. It has the third highest traffic volume of cargo, and also it has the most liquid bulk in Korea. However, on account of thoughtless development, there are other cases like Ulsan port that liquid cargo and general cargo are simultaneously handled. The demurrage ratio takes up to 12.5% of probability on average. In 2010, it has less room at berths for liquid bulk than general cargo and it totally has 107% of processing ratio （throughput）. This indicates that Ulsan port concentrates on liquid cargo more than general cargo depending on the characteristics of the port. This research suggests the effects as alternatives for efficiency and effectivity at both ports, Ulsan port and Pohang port in the case that the general cargo handled in Ulsan port is relocated to Pohang port in terms of the characteristics of products which Pohang port and its hinterland the most focused on. Namely, we estimate volume of relocated volume suitable for relocation in assumption that volume handled in Ulsan port is relocated to Pohang port scenario by scenario, analyze the effects of relocated volume, and suggest alternatives for vitalizing Ulsan port.展开更多
Since the early 1990s, China has become the largest destination of Japanese foreign direct investment （FDI）. Observing this trend, the authors analyzed whether Japanese FDI did promote exports from China to the rest...Since the early 1990s, China has become the largest destination of Japanese foreign direct investment （FDI）. Observing this trend, the authors analyzed whether Japanese FDI did promote exports from China to the rest of the world, and more importantly, whether this is a strategy adopted by Japanese multinationals to penetrate not only the Chinese market but also the global market. This analysis takes into account not only the direct effects of FDI on exports, but also the indirect effects, by examining the mediating role of export oriented Japanese FDI in China from 1998 to 2007 through panel analysis. The study contributes to the conceptual framework of indirect relationship among the macroeconomic variables, FDI and exports provides some insights into the strategy of export oriented Japanese FDI in creating a win-win platform for Japan and China.展开更多
Taking a typical active export-oriented region Zhejiang as an example, this paper tries to evaluate its Coordinated Development Degree （CDD） form 1997, focusing on the characteristics of its export-oriented econom〉...Taking a typical active export-oriented region Zhejiang as an example, this paper tries to evaluate its Coordinated Development Degree （CDD） form 1997, focusing on the characteristics of its export-oriented econom〉 and regional environment. The results show that Zhejiang ＇s CDD has kept increasing steadily after its slight drop in 1998. Finally, four measurements are proposed to promote sustainable development, including increasing and equalizing region＇s environmental investment, changing pollution-intensive export structure to avoid restricting the whole industrial structure, restricting simple spatial translocation of high-material consumption, high-energy consumption and high-pollution industries, etc.展开更多
Background Sedatives and analgesics are often administered to achieve conscious sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Appropriate concerns have been raised regarding post procedure delirium related to pe...Background Sedatives and analgesics are often administered to achieve conscious sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Appropriate concerns have been raised regarding post procedure delirium related to peri-procedural medication in the elderly. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of premedication on new onset delirium and procedural care in elderly patients. Methods Patients 〉 70 years old and scheduled for elective cardiac catheterization were randomly assigned to receive either oral diphenhydramine and diaze- pam （25 rag/5 mg） or no premedication. All patients underwent a mini mental state exam and delirium assessment using confusion assess- ment method prior to the procedure and repeated at 4 h after the procedure and prior to discharge. Patients＇ cooperation during the procedure and ease of post-procedure were measured using Visual Analog Scale （VAS）. The degree of alertness was assessed immediately on arrival to the floor, and twice hourly afterwards using Observer＇s Assessment of Alermess/Sedation Scale （OAA/S）. Results A total of 93 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 77 years, and 47 patients received premedication prior to the procedure. None of the patients in either group developed delirium. Patients＇ cooperation and the ease of procedure was greater and pain medication requirement less both during and after the procedure in the pre-medicated group （P 〈 0.05 for both）. Nurses reported an improvement with patient management in the pre-medicated group （P = 0.08）. Conclusions In conclusion, prcmedication did not cause delirium in elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The reduced pain medication requirement, perceived procedural ease and post procedure management favors premedication in elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.展开更多
In order to investigate the coolability of a tight lattice core in BWR （boiling water reactors）, an experiment of CHF （critical heat flux） was conducted using a single heater pin flow channel with and without a wi...In order to investigate the coolability of a tight lattice core in BWR （boiling water reactors）, an experiment of CHF （critical heat flux） was conducted using a single heater pin flow channel with and without a wire spacer with the mass flux ranged from 200 kg/（m2.s） to 600 kg/（m2·s）, the inlet temperature from 50 ℃ to 90 ℃ at the pressure of 0.1 MPa. The results of CHF values were compared between two different types of heater pin with and without the wire spacer. The heat removability of flow channel was improved by the wire spacer in comparison with the heater pin flow channel without the wire spacer. The CHF value was higher in the heater pin channel with the wire spacer than in that without the wire spacer.展开更多
基金supported by the National 973 Program(Grant No.2007CB209608)National 863 Program(Grant No.2007AA06Z218)
文摘Based on analyzing the limit of Ziolkowski＇s bubble oscillation formulation,a new model with various physical factors is established to simulate air gun signatures fo marine seismic exploration.The practical effects of physical factors,such as heat transfe across the bubble wall,air gun port throttling,vertical rise of the bubble,fluid viscosity,and the existence of the air gun body were all taken into account in the new model.Compared with Ziolkowski＇s model,the signatures simulated by the new model,with small peak amplitude and rapid decay of bubble oscillation,are more consistent with actual signatures The experiment analysis indicates：（1）gun port throttling controls the peak amplitude of ai gun pulse;（2）since the hydrostatic pressure decreases when the bubble rises,the bubble oscillation period changes;（3）heat transfer and fluid viscosity are the main factors tha explain the bubble oscillation damping.
文摘Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of continuous local anesthetic wound infiltration following open abdominal partial hepatectomy. Methods We performed a prospective, non-randomized, concurrent and controlled study. Patients undergoing open abdominal partial hepatectomy, according to their willingness, accepted one of the following managements for the postoperative pain： continuous wound catheter （CWC） infiltration, patient-controlled epidural analgesia （PCEA）, patient-controlled intravenous analgesia of morphine （PCIAM）, and patient-controlled intravenous analgesia of sufentanil （PCIAS）. The primary outcome was postoperative visual analogue scale （VAS） scores at rest and on movement. Secondary outcomes included consumption of rescue medication, side effects, and complications associated with postoperative pain management. Results From August 2013 to December 2013, 80 patients were allocated to receive CWC （n=10）, PCEA （n=22）, PCIAM （n=29）, or PCIAS （n=19）. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, percentage of resected liver, operation time, and Amsterdam Preoperative Anxiety and Information Scale, there was no significant difference in the VAS scores at rest or on movement between Group CWC and the other groups, namely PCEA, PCIAM, and PCIAS, at 4, 12, 48, and 72 hours postoperatively （all P〉0.05）. The need for rescue medication was not significantly different between Group CWC and the other three groups at 48 and 72 hours postoperatively （all P〉0.05）. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting or anal exsufflation time between group CWC and the other three groups （all P〉0.05）. No severe adverse effects associated with continuous wound infiltration were observed during the study period. Conclusions CWC has a comparable analgesic effect compared with traditional analgesia methods at most time points postoperatively. CWC is a safe alternative for the postoperative analgesic management of open liver surgery.
文摘AIM： To assess the characteristics and quality of endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration （EUS-FNA） in a large panel of endosonographers.METHODS： A survey was conducted during the 13th annual live course of endoscopic ultrasonography （EUS） held in Amsterdam, Netherlands. A 2-page question- naire was developed for the study. Content validity of the questionnaire was determined based on input by experts in the field and a review of the relevant literature. It contained 30 questions that pertained to demographics and the current practice for EUS-FNA of responders, including sampling technique, sample processing, cytopathological diagnosis and sensitivity of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of solid mass lesions. One hundred and sixty-one endosonographers whoattended the course were asked to answer the survey. This allowed assessing the current practice of EUS-FNA as well as the self-reported sensitivity of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of solid mass lesions. We also examined which factors were associated with a self-reported sensitivity of EUS-FNA for the diagnosis of solid mass lesions 〉 80%.RESULTS： Completed surveys were collected from 92 （57.1%） of 161 endosonographers who attended the conference. The endosonographers had been practio ing endoscopy and EUS for 22.5 4. 7.8 years and 4.8 4- 4.1 years, respectively; one third of them worked in a hospital with an annual caseload 〉 100 EUS-FNA. Endoscopy practices were located in 29 countries, in- cluding 13 countries in Western Europe that totaled 75.3% of the responses. Only one third of endosonog raphers reported a sensitivity for the diagnosis of solid mass lesions 〉 80% （interquartile range of sensitivities, 25.0%-75.0%）. Factors independently associated with a sensitivity 〉 80% were （1） 〉 7 needle passes for pancreatic lesions or rapid on-site cytopathological evaluation （ROSE） （P 〈 0.0001）, （2） a high annual hospital caseload （P = 0.024） and （3） routine isolation of microcores from EUS-FNA samples （P = 0.042）. ROSE was routinely available to 27.9% of respondents. For lymph nodes and pancreatic masses, a maximum of three needle passes was performed by approximately two thirds of those who did not have ROSE. Microcores were routinely harvested from EUS-FNA samples by approximately one third （37.2%） of survey respondents.CONCLUSION： EUS-FNA sensitivity was considerably lower than reported in the literature. Low EUS-FNA sensitivity was associated with unavailability of ROSE, few needle passes, absence of microcore isolation and low hospital caseload.
文摘Ulsan port is the hugest industry-oriented port in South Korea. It has the third highest traffic volume of cargo, and also it has the most liquid bulk in Korea. However, on account of thoughtless development, there are other cases like Ulsan port that liquid cargo and general cargo are simultaneously handled. The demurrage ratio takes up to 12.5% of probability on average. In 2010, it has less room at berths for liquid bulk than general cargo and it totally has 107% of processing ratio （throughput）. This indicates that Ulsan port concentrates on liquid cargo more than general cargo depending on the characteristics of the port. This research suggests the effects as alternatives for efficiency and effectivity at both ports, Ulsan port and Pohang port in the case that the general cargo handled in Ulsan port is relocated to Pohang port in terms of the characteristics of products which Pohang port and its hinterland the most focused on. Namely, we estimate volume of relocated volume suitable for relocation in assumption that volume handled in Ulsan port is relocated to Pohang port scenario by scenario, analyze the effects of relocated volume, and suggest alternatives for vitalizing Ulsan port.
文摘Since the early 1990s, China has become the largest destination of Japanese foreign direct investment （FDI）. Observing this trend, the authors analyzed whether Japanese FDI did promote exports from China to the rest of the world, and more importantly, whether this is a strategy adopted by Japanese multinationals to penetrate not only the Chinese market but also the global market. This analysis takes into account not only the direct effects of FDI on exports, but also the indirect effects, by examining the mediating role of export oriented Japanese FDI in China from 1998 to 2007 through panel analysis. The study contributes to the conceptual framework of indirect relationship among the macroeconomic variables, FDI and exports provides some insights into the strategy of export oriented Japanese FDI in creating a win-win platform for Japan and China.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40671062)the third stage of Knowledge In-novation Project of Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, CAS.
文摘Taking a typical active export-oriented region Zhejiang as an example, this paper tries to evaluate its Coordinated Development Degree （CDD） form 1997, focusing on the characteristics of its export-oriented econom〉 and regional environment. The results show that Zhejiang ＇s CDD has kept increasing steadily after its slight drop in 1998. Finally, four measurements are proposed to promote sustainable development, including increasing and equalizing region＇s environmental investment, changing pollution-intensive export structure to avoid restricting the whole industrial structure, restricting simple spatial translocation of high-material consumption, high-energy consumption and high-pollution industries, etc.
文摘Background Sedatives and analgesics are often administered to achieve conscious sedation for diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Appropriate concerns have been raised regarding post procedure delirium related to peri-procedural medication in the elderly. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of premedication on new onset delirium and procedural care in elderly patients. Methods Patients 〉 70 years old and scheduled for elective cardiac catheterization were randomly assigned to receive either oral diphenhydramine and diaze- pam （25 rag/5 mg） or no premedication. All patients underwent a mini mental state exam and delirium assessment using confusion assess- ment method prior to the procedure and repeated at 4 h after the procedure and prior to discharge. Patients＇ cooperation during the procedure and ease of post-procedure were measured using Visual Analog Scale （VAS）. The degree of alertness was assessed immediately on arrival to the floor, and twice hourly afterwards using Observer＇s Assessment of Alermess/Sedation Scale （OAA/S）. Results A total of 93 patients were enrolled. The mean age was 77 years, and 47 patients received premedication prior to the procedure. None of the patients in either group developed delirium. Patients＇ cooperation and the ease of procedure was greater and pain medication requirement less both during and after the procedure in the pre-medicated group （P 〈 0.05 for both）. Nurses reported an improvement with patient management in the pre-medicated group （P = 0.08）. Conclusions In conclusion, prcmedication did not cause delirium in elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. The reduced pain medication requirement, perceived procedural ease and post procedure management favors premedication in elderly patients undergoing cardiac catheterization.
文摘In order to investigate the coolability of a tight lattice core in BWR （boiling water reactors）, an experiment of CHF （critical heat flux） was conducted using a single heater pin flow channel with and without a wire spacer with the mass flux ranged from 200 kg/（m2.s） to 600 kg/（m2·s）, the inlet temperature from 50 ℃ to 90 ℃ at the pressure of 0.1 MPa. The results of CHF values were compared between two different types of heater pin with and without the wire spacer. The heat removability of flow channel was improved by the wire spacer in comparison with the heater pin flow channel without the wire spacer. The CHF value was higher in the heater pin channel with the wire spacer than in that without the wire spacer.
