口疾灵含漱液的制备与质量控制

目的:研究口疾灵含漱液的制备及质量控制。方法:采用双波长等吸收点法同时测定两主药含量,并考察了制剂的稳定性。结果:甲硝唑在～μ,醋酸氯己定在～μ范围内线性关系良好,γ,平均回收率甲硝唑为420g/ml210g/ml=0.9999,99.97%RSD% 0.042 ( n;醋酸氯己定为,( =5)99.50%RSD% 1.18 n )。=5结论:该制剂配方合理,制备工艺简单,质控方法可靠,稳定性良好。

热姜水除口疾

我自退休后即患口腔炎。每次一发作．就连吃饭．说话都困难。曾四处寻医问药多方治疗．可愈后不久又复发．且越来越严重。后来．我偶然想到生姜好，人云：“日吃三片羹．不请医生开药方。”于是,我自己想出一个方法．结果还挺灵验．直到现在．口腔炎从未复发。

从“铁嘴尚书”的口疾说起

清·雍正年间,户部尚书万之明严于律己,不吃别人的宴请,亦不宴请他人,在官场三十余载,从未破例,人称＂铁嘴尚书＂。万之明做事勤勉,为官清廉,深得雍正皇帝赏识,故而仕途顺利,不到五十岁便做了掌管天下钱粮税赋的户部尚书。就是这一承圣恩而大权在握的重臣,

喉疾灵口含片口腔黏膜刺激性研究

目的:观察喉疾灵口含片对地鼠口腔黏膜的刺激性。方法:将地鼠随机分为两组,分别为对照样品组和供试样品组,每组10只,经口腔黏膜给药7天后作大体观察评价和组织学评价。结果:大体观察显示喉疾灵口含片对地鼠的口腔黏膜无刺激性;病理组织学检查显示喉疾灵口含片对地鼠口腔黏膜不产生炎症等病理学改变;病理组织学评分显示喉疾灵口含片对地鼠口腔黏膜无刺激性。结论:喉疾灵口含片对地鼠的口腔黏膜无刺激性。

喉疾灵口含片抗炎抑菌作用实验研究

目的:对喉疾灵口含片进行抗炎、抑菌作用实验研究。方法:采用二甲苯致小鼠耳壳肿胀、角叉菜致大鼠足趾肿胀、大鼠棉球肉芽肿等炎症模型,以及含药血清体外抑菌实验模型,评价喉疾灵口含片的抗炎、抑菌作用。结果:与空白对照比较,喉疾灵口含片明显抑制了小鼠耳壳肿胀(P<0.05或P<0.01)、大鼠足趾肿胀以及大鼠棉球肉芽肿的形成(P<0.05);其含药血清对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌及白色念珠菌具有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:上述结果表明,喉疾灵口含片对化学刺激所致炎症有明显的抑制作用,其含药血清具有显著的体外抑菌作用。

喉疾灵口含片质量标准研究

目的研究喉疾灵口含片的质量标准。方法采用薄层色谱(TLC)法对喉疾灵口含片中人工牛黄、诃子、了哥王、冰片、桔梗进行定性鉴别;采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法进行苦参碱含量测定。结果 TLC法能分别检出喉疾灵口含片中人工牛黄、诃子、了哥王、冰片、桔梗,均具有良好的鉴别特征,阴性未见干扰;苦参碱在0.066 8～0.668μg范围内,进样量与峰面积具有良好的线性关系,r=0.999 8,平均加样回收率为98.86%(n=6),RSD=1.94%。结论本方法具有良好的专属性和重现性,能准确、稳定地对喉疾灵口含片进行定性鉴别和定量测定,可用于该制剂的质量控制。

手足口普通病例居家隔离状况调查

目的:提高手足口普通病例患儿居家隔离能力，有效控制感染，预防疾病传播。方法:选取2015年1~12月许昌市某医院手足口门诊普通病例240例，通过随访，了解手足口轻症患儿居家隔离状况。结果:手足口普通病例患儿居家隔离方法和效果不佳，需要进一步的健康教育，促进有效隔离，防止疾病传播。结论:完善、良好的健康教育有利于手足口普通病例患儿做好居家隔离，从而有效预防疾病的传染和复发。

治病小验方

一、热姜水治口疾 1.口腔溃疡:用热姜水代茶漱口,每日2～3次,一般6～9次即治愈。 2.牙周炎:先用热姜水代茶漱口,然后代茶饮,每日1～2次,一般6次左右即可消除炎症。

Research on Safety of Manhuning Oral Liquid to Chicken

This study aimed to evaluate the safety of Manhuning oral liquid and to provide safety basis for clinical treatment. A total of 120 chickens of 14 days old were selected. After one week of adaptive feeding, they were evenly and randomly divided into four groups： one time the therapeutic dose （T1）, three times the therapeutic dose （T2）, five times the therapeutic dose （T3） and control （CK）. In different groups, the chickens were fed with Manhuning oral liquid according to the set doses for one week. At the beginning and at the end of the experiment, total 10 chickens were selected randomly from each group, respectively. They were weighed, and their blood was sampled for determination of routine blood indexes and examination of liver and kidney function. Organ indexes were determined, and pathological examination was conducted for the head, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of the chickens. The results showed that the body mass gain and organ indexes differed insignificantly among different groups （P〉0.05）. No significant differences were found in the routine blood indexes, serum ALT activity, albumin content, creatinine content and urea content among different groups before and after the experiment （P〉0.05）. After the administration, the head, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of the chickens showed no obvious abnormalities. In shod, Manhuning oral liquid had little impact on the physiological and biochemical indexes and had no toxic effects on the head, liver, spleen, lung and kidney of chickens, and it is a low-toxicity safe veterinary drug preparation.

Association between infection of different strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in subgingival plaque and clinical parameters in chronic periodontitis

Objective： The aim of this study was to investigate subgingival infection frequencies ofPorphyromonas gingivalis and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains with genetic variation in Chinese chronic periodontitis （CP） patients and to evaluate its correlation with clinical parameters. Methods： Two multiplex polymerase chain reaction （PCR） assays were developed to detect the 16SrDNA, collagenase （prtC） and fimbria （fimA） genes of P. gingivalis and the 16SrDNA, leukotoxin （lktA） and fimbria-associated protein （fap） genes ofA. actinomycetemcomitans in 60 sulcus samples from 30 periodontal healthy subjects and in 122 subgingival plaque samples from 61 patients with CP. The PCR products were further T-A cloned and sent for nucleotide sequence analysis. Results： The 16SrDNA,prtC andfimA genes ofP. gingivalis were detected in 92.6%, 85.2% and 80.3% of the subgingival plaque samples respectively, while the 16SrDNA, lktA andfap genes ofA. actinomycetemcomitans were in 84.4%, 75.4% and 50.0% respectively. Nucleotide sequence analysis showed 98.62%-100% homology of the PCR products in these genes with the reported sequences. P. gingivalis strains with prtC＋/fimA＋ and A. actinomycetemcomitans with lktA＋ were predominant in deep pockets （〉6 mm） or in sites with attachment loss 〉5 mm than in shallow pockets （3-4 mm） or in sites with attachment loss 〈2 mm （P〈0.05）. P. gingivalis strains withprtC＋/fimA＋ also showed higher frequency in gingival index （GI）=3 than in GI=1 group （P〈0.05）. Conclusion： Infection ofP. gingivalis with prtC＋/fimA＋ and A. actinomycetemcomitans with lktA＋ correlates with periodontal destruction of CP in Chinese. Nonetheless P. gingivalis fim4, prtC genes and A. actinomycetem- comitans lktA gene are closely associated with periodontal destruction, while A. actinomycetemcomitansfap gene is not.

Unsedated transnasal small-caliber esophagogastroduoden oscopy in elderly and bedridden patients

AIM： To evaluate the safety of unsedated transnasal small-caliber esophagogastroduodenoscopy （EGD） for elderly and critically ill bedridden patients. METHODS： One prospective randomized comparative study and one crossover comparative study between transnasal small-caliber EGD and transoral conventional EGD was done （Study 1）. For the comparative study, we enrolled 240 elderly patients aged 〉 65 years old. For the crossover analysis, we enrolled 30 bedridden patients with percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy （PEG） （Study 2）, We evaluated cardiopulmonary effects by measuring arterial oxygen saturation （SpO2） and calculating the rate-pressure product （RPP） （pulse rate x systolic blood pressure/100） at baseline, 2 and 5 min after endoscopic intubation in Study 1. To assess the risk for endoscopy-related aspiration pneumonia during EGD, we also measured blood leukocyte counts and serum C-reactive protein （CRP） levels before and 3 d after EGD in Study 2. RESULTS： In Study 1, we observed significant decreases in SpO2 during conventional transoral EGD, but not during transnasal small-caliber EGD （0.24% vs -0.24% after 2 min, and 0.18% vs -0.29% after 5 min, P = 0.034, P = 0.044）. Significant differences of the RPP were not found between conventional transoral and transnasal small-caliber EGD. In Study 2, crossover analysis showed statistically significant increases of the RPP at 2 min after intubation and the end of endoscopy （26.8 and 34.6 vs 3.1 and 15.2, P = 0.044, P = 0.046）, and decreases of SpO2 （-0.8% vs -0.1%, P = 0.042） during EGD with transoral conventional in comparison with transnasal small-caliber endoscopy. Thus, for bedridden patients with PEG feeding, who were examined in the supine position, transoral conventional EGD more severely suppressed cardiopulmonary function than transnasal small-caliber EGD. There were also significant increases in the markers of inflammation, blood leukocyte counts and serum CRP values, in bedridden patients after transoral conventional EGD, but not after transnasal small-caliber EGD performed with the patient in the supine position. Leukocyte count increased from 6053 ± 1975/L to 6900 ± 3392/L （P = 0.0008） and CRP values increased from 0.93±0.24 to 2.49 ± 0.91 mg/dL （P = 0.0005） at 3 d after transoral conventional EGD. Aspiration pneumonia, possibly caused by the endoscopic examination, was found subsequently in two of 30 patients after transoral conventional EGD. CONCLUSION： Transnasal small-caliber EGD is a safer method than transoral conventional EGD in critically ill, bedridden patients who are undergoing PEG feeding.

Endometrial Carcinoma Arising in Didelphic Uterus Accompanied by Right Renal Agenesis： A Case Report

MüLLERIAN duct anomalies （MDA） are abnor- malities occurring in the müllerian duct due to abnormal development of the uterus, cervix and vagina. Reported prevalence of this malformation in general population was 4%-5%. But real figure may be greater because of unawareness of these diseases due to its asymptomatic nature.

Effects of different types of palatal lateral excisions on growth and development of maxilla and dental arch

Objective:This study aimed to explore the effects of different types of palatal lateral excisions on the growth and development of the maxilla and dental arch, and to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A total of 112 3-week-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were randomly divided into a control and 3 experimental groups: the mucoperiosteal denudation group, the mucosal flap excision group, and the periosteum excision group. In the experimental groups, bilateral mucoperiosteal, mucosal flap and periosteum were excised respectively in the lateral one half of the palate. Four rats in each group were randomly chosen for sacrifice every two weeks. The maxilla was dissected following the excision. The widths of the maxilla and dental arch were measured and the histological phenomena were investigated at different phases. At the same time, 12 animals in each group were sequentially injected with calcein every two weeks. Three animals in each group, whose fluorescent labeling was used, were sacrificed for investigating bone formation at Week 8 following injection. Results: (1) Each experimental group presented the constriction of the maxilla and dental arch. The upper first molars in the experimental groups inclined medially. The mucoperio-steal denudation group showed the largest degree of effect followed by the periosteum excision group. The indices of the mucosal flap excision group, which retained the structures of the periosteum layer, had the most approximate values to the control group; (2) Different histological changes among the experimental groups were detected. The fibers penetrated into the palatal bone as Sharpey's fibers in the mucoperiosteal denudation group. The pattern of bone deposition was the bundle type. Sharpey's fibers were not found in the mucosal flap and periosteum excision groups and the depositions of palatal bone were the lamellar type as those in the control group; (3) The rates of bone deposition in the experimental groups decreased compared with the control group. The rates in different phases were the most approximate values to those of the control group in the mucosal flap excision group, which has the same structure of periosteum as the control group. Conclusion: There were different effects on the growth and development of the maxilla and dental arch in different types of palatal lateral excisions. Periosteum is important for bone for-mation and deposition pattern. The prevention of Sharpey's fibers forming and attaching to the palatine can effectively avert the following malformation.

Management of chronic heart failure in the older population

Chronic heart failure （CHF） is the leading cause of hospitalization for those over the age of 65 and represents a significant clinical and economic burden. About half of hospital re-admissions are related to co-morbidities, polypharmacy and disabilities associated with CHF. Moreover, CHF also has an enormous cost in terms of poor prognosis with an average one year mortality of 33%–35%. While more than half of patients with CHF are over 75 years, most clinical trials have included younger patients with a mean age of 61 years. Inadequate data makes treatment decisions challenging for the providers. Older CHF patients are more often female, have less cardiovascular diseases and associated risk factors, but higher rates of non-cardiovascular conditions and diastolic dysfunction. The prevalence of CHF with reduced ejection fraction, ischemic heart disease, and its risk factors declines with age, whereas the prevalence of non-cardiac co-morbidities, such as chronic renal failure, dementia, anemia and malignancy increases with age. Diabetes and hypertension are among the strongest risk factors as predictors of CHF particularly among women with coronary heart disease. This review paper will focus on the specific consideration for CHF assessment in the older population. Management strategies will be reviewed, including non-pharmacologic, pharmacologic, quality care indicators, quality improvement in care transition and lastly, end-of-life issues. Palliative care should be an integral part of an interdiscipli-nary team approach for a comprehensive care plan over the whole disease trajectory. In addition, frailty contributes valuable prognostic in-sight incremental to existing risk models and assists clinicians in defining optimal care pathways for their patients.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Associations with Other Metabolic Disorders and Cardiovascular Changes in Health Examination Population in Beijing

Objective To investigate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome(MS) and its associations with other metabolic disorders and cardiovascular changes in health examination population in Beijing.Methods Totally,10 916 individuals who received health examination in Health Examination Center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital were enrolled.The height,weight,blood pressure,serum levels of triglyceride,high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and fasting blood glucose were recorded.MS was diagnosed based on the working criteria of Chinese Diabetes Society 2004(CDS2004).Meanwhile,other metabolic disorders,including fatty liver and hyperuricemia,were recorded.The cardiovascular changes were reflected by the reports of electrocardiogram(ECG) ST-T changes and atherosclerosis of retinal arteries.Results The overall prevalence rate of MS was 6.1%(666/10 916) in the population.The prevalence rate of MS in male was much higher than that in female(9.0% vs.2.7%,P=0.000).For individuals with MS,the prevalence rates of fatty liver and hyperuricemia were significantly higher than those without MS,respectively(70.4% vs.35.4%,P=0.000;29.9% vs.17.7%,P=0.000).As for cardiovascular changes,the prevalence rates of ECG ST-T changes and atherosclerosis of retinal arteries were significantly higher in individuals with MS than those without MS,respectively(13.8% vs.11.7%,P=0.012;12.0% vs.6.8%,P=0.000).Conclusions The prevalence of MS in Beijing population is high.The individuals with MS have a higher risk for other metabolic disorders and cardiovascular changes.

Metabolic syndrome after liver transplantation: Preventable illness or common consequence?

The metabolic syndrome is common after liver transplant being present in approximately half of recipients. It has been associated with adverse outcomes such as progression of hepatitis C and major vascular events. As the United States population ages and the rate of obesity increases, prevention of the metabolic syndrome in the post-transplant population deserves special consideration. Currently, the metabolic syndrome after transplant appears at least two times more common than observed rates in the general population. Specific guidelines for patients after transplant does not exist, therefore prevention rests upon knowledge of risk factors and the presence of modifiable elements. The current article will focus on risk factors for the development of the metabolic syndrome after transplant, will highlight potentially modifiable factors and propose potential areas for intervention. As in the non-transplant population, behavioral choices might have a major role. Opportunities exist in this regard for health prevention studies incorporating lifestyle changes. Other factors such as the need for immunosuppression, and the changing characteristics of wait listed patients are not modifiable, but are important to know in order to identify persons at higher risk. Although immunosuppression after transplant is unavoidable, the contribution of different agents to the development of components of the metabolic syndrome is also discussed. Ultimately, an increased risk of the metabolic syndrome after transplant is likely unavoidable, however, there are many opportunities to reduce the prevalence.

Sarcopenia is associated with Framingham risk score in the Korean population： Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey （KNHANES） 2010-2011

Background Sarcopenia is a risk factor for metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease, but the association between sarcopenia and cardiovascular risk factors according to age and obesity status in the general population remains unknown. We thus investigated these associations in the Korean population. Methods We included 8,958 and 8,518 subjects from the fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey （KNHANES） （from 2010 and 2011, respectively）. The study was restricted to participants 〉 20 years old who had completed the health examination survey, including whole body dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scans. After exclusion, 7,366 subjects （3,188 men, 4,178 women） were included in our final analysis. Age was categorized according to three age groups （20-39, 40-59, mad 〉 60 years）, and subjects were catego- rized according to their sarcopenic and obesity status. Cardiovascular risk was assessed with Framingham risk score （FRS）. Results The sarco- penic obese group had a higher FRS than the non-sarcopenic obese group, which had a higher FRS than the non-sarcopenic non-obese group. Age-wise, the 20-39 year-old group showed a non-significant association between sarcopenia and FRS. In the 40-59 year-old group, regardless of obesity status, sarcopenic subjects had a higher FRS than non-sarcopenic subjects. In the 〉 60 year-old group, sarcopenic subjects had a higher FRS than non-sarcopenic subjects for the non-obese group. Conclusions Sarcopenia was associated with cardiovascular disease and may be an early predictor of its susceptibility in both elderly and middle-aged subjects. Thus, management of sarcopenia is necessary to prevent cardiovascu- lar disease.

A National Cross-Sectio nal Survey Dataset on Com mon Disease and Influencing Factors of Chinese Internal Migrants in 2017

This data article describes the dataset from a national cross-sectional questionnaire survey on Chinese internal migrants in 2017.The survey was part of the Chinese Migrants Dynamic Survey,which is an annually conducted large-scale national questionnaire survey on internal migrants.The respondents in the described dataset were migrants and registered local residents aged over 15 years old.A multistage stratified probability-proportionalto-size(PPS) sampling method based on the 2016 annual report data of China Migrant Population was adopted.The questionnaire was designed to collect demographic information of respondents and their family members,intention of migration or settlement,health status,health services accessibility,social integration,and epidemic influencing factors of common diseases,including hypertension,type 2 diabetes,diarrhea,fever,rash,icterus,conjunctival redness,cold,and other illnesses or injuries.The sample population in this survey include 13,998 internal migrants and 14,000 registered local residents from eight domestic cities/prefecture/districts across China.It is the most widely covering and highly representative dataset on common diseases and influencing factors of internal migrants in China.The dataset can be used to study common diseases and influencing factors among floating Chinese population.It provides data support for government to improve healthcare accessibility and the equity of public health services for internal migrants in China.

The distribution of 10-year cardiovascular risk in Chinese adults： analysis of the China Health Examination Database （CHED） 2008

Objective Global cardiovascular risk assessment has been incorporated into current Chinese guidelines for the management of hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. The aim of our study is to determine the distribution of 10-year risk for ischemic cardiovascular disease （ICVD） among middle-aged Chinese adults, and to evaluate the usefulness of global risk assessment tools in the primary prevention of ICVD in Chinese population.Methods Simplified prediction tools derived from the USA-PRC Collaborative Study of Cardiovascular Epidemiology cohort were applied to the Chinese Health Examination Database （CHED） 2008. 10-year risk for ICVD was estimated in 461 157 ICVD-free subjects （264 432 male and 196 725 female） aged 35 to 59 years. Results Among the male subjects, 82.4% had a 10-year risk for ICVD of 〈5%, 14.4% of 5% to 12.1% and 3.4 of≥ 12.2%, and in female subjects, 86.7% had a 10-year risk for ICVD of 〈5%, 12.1% of 5% to 12.0% and 1.2% of ≥ 12.1%. All subjects with predicted high level ICVD risk （≥ 12.2% in male or ≥ 12.1% in female） had either remarkably elevated （≥ 160 mmHg） blood pressure, significantly increased （≥ 6.22 mml/L） total serum cholesterol or diabetes.Conclusion Using the currently recommended prediction tools, only very small proportions of middle-aged Chinese men and women who were free of ICVD would be classified into high level risk group. These prediction tools are unlikely to help for the medical intervention decision making in Chinese adult patients with hypertension and/or hypercholesterolemia

Inhibitory effects of extracellular adenosine triphosphate on growth of esophageal carcinoma cells

AIM： To study the growth inhibitory effects of ATP on TE-13 human squamous esophageal carcinoma cellsin vitro.METHODS： NTT assay was used to determine the inhibition of proliferation of ATP or adenosine （ADO） on TE-13 cell line. The morphological changes of TE-13 cells induced by ATP or ADO were observed under fluorescence light microscope by acridine orange （AO）/ethidium bromide （EB） double stained cells. The intemudeosomal fragmentation of genomic DNA was detected by agarose gel electrophoresis. The apoptotic rate and cell cycle after treatment with ATP or ADO were determined by flow cytometry.RESULTS： ATP and ADO produced inhibitory effects on TE-13 cells at the concentration between 0.01 and 1.0 mmol/L. The ICs0 of TE-13 cells exposed to ATP or ADO for 48 and 72 h was 0.71 or 1.05, and 0.21 or 0.19 mmol/L, respectively. The distribution of cell cycle phase and proliferation index （PI） value of TE-13 cells changed, when being exposed to ATP or ADO at the concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mmol/L for 48 h. ATP and ADO inhibited the cell proliferation by changing the distribution of cell cycle phase via either G0/G1 phase （ATP or ADO, 1 mmol/L） or S phase （ATP, 0.1 mmol/L） arrest. Under light microscope, the tumor cells exposed to 0.3 mmol/L ATP or ADO displayed morphological changes of apoptosis. A ladder-like pattern of DNA fragmentation was obtained from TE-13 cells treated with 0.1-1 mmol/L ATP or ADO in agarose gel electrophoresis. ATP and ADO induced apoptosis of TE-13 cells in a dose-dependent manner at the concentration between 0.03 and 1 mmol/L. The maximum apoptotic rate of TE-13 cells exposed to ATP or ADO for 48 h was 16.63% or 16.9%, respectively.CONCLUSION： ATP and ADO inhibit cell proliferation, arrest cell cycle, and induce apoptosis of TE-13 cell line.