牛羊感染口蹄疫疫病的主要防治技术分析

口蹄疫是一种急性传染性疾病,主要影响反刍动物,如牛、羊、猪等,其病原为口蹄疫病毒。该疫病以其迅速传播和高致死率的特点,常造成畜牧业的重大损失,同时也对食品安全和畜牧业可持续发展构成了严峻挑战。西藏地区作为中国重要的牛羊养殖基地之一,其特殊的地理和气候条件使得口蹄疫的防治工作显得尤为重要。西藏地区位于青藏高原,海拔较高,气候寒冷,交通相对不便,这些特点为口蹄疫的传播提供了一定的限制。然而,由于牛羊养殖在当地是农牧民的重要生计来源,牲畜的交流和流动不可避免,这也为口蹄疫的传播创造了机会。西藏地区的养殖方式多为散养,牛羊在草原间自由活动,一旦发生口蹄疫疫情,往往难以及时控制。因此,针对西藏地区的牛羊口蹄疫疫病流行特点,制定针对性的防治策略显得尤为重要。在西藏地区牛羊口蹄疫的防治工作中,需要综合考虑当地的地理环境、气候条件以及养殖模式等因素,制定科学合理的防治技术与策略。因此,在接下来的文章中,将以牛羊口蹄疫疾病情况入手,清楚了解到该种疾病的临床表现以及传播途径等,从而结合该地区气候等外在条件,全面给出了几点防治措施,希望能够给相关人士提供些许参考依据。

浅谈口蹄疫疫病的防控

阐述动物口蹄疫病的临床症状以及剖检情况,提出动物口蹄疫病的免疫程序和免疫方案,并对疫情处理提出具休措施。

枸杞多糖调控口蹄疫重组腺病毒疫苗诱导DC及T细胞亚群的研究

近年来,随着许多病毒性疾病的发展,社会对于新型疫苗的研发迫在眉睫。与传统疫苗相比,新型疫苗具有安全可靠的优点,但其免疫原性较弱的特点也十分突出,因此,研究出安全稳定有效的免疫调节剂来增强疫苗的免疫效果成为研究学者们共同的关注点。枸杞是传统的名贵补益中药,枸杞多糖(Lycium barbarum polysaccharide,LBP)是其中的主要生物活性成分,具有免疫调节、抗肿瘤、抗衰老等多种生物学作用。本研究通过体内实验观察LBP对口蹄疫重组腺病毒疫苗(rAd5VP1)诱导小鼠脾脏树突状细胞(Dendritic cells,DC)成熟、辅助性T细胞1(T helper cells 1,Th1)、辅助性T细胞2(T helper cells 2,Th2)、滤泡辅助性T细胞(T follicular helper cells,Tfh)及调节性T细胞(Regulatory T cells,Treg)分化的免疫调节作用,为阐明LBP免疫调节的新机制提供实验依据。6周龄的雌性BALB/c小鼠随机分为5组,每组5只,所有小鼠均行腹腔注射rAd5VP1,同时分别给予低剂量(10mg/kg·d)、中剂量(20mg/kg·d)、高剂量(40mg/kg·d)的LBP,阴性对照组和阳性对照组分别给予磷酸盐缓冲液(Phosphate buffer solution,PBS)和脂多糖(Lipopolysaccharide,LPS)(1mg/kg·d)。免疫7d后,应用流式细胞术(Flow cytometry,FCM)检测小鼠脾脏DC(CD11c+MHCⅡ+CD86+)、Th1细胞(CD4+IFN-γ+)、Th2细胞(CD4+IL-4+)、Tfh细胞(CD4+CXCR5+)及Treg细胞(CD4+CD25+FoxP3+)的数量与比例。结果表明,与PBS组相比,LBP能明显诱导DC的成熟,DC表面的共刺激分子CD86的表达量明显升高;LBP能明显促进Th2细胞、Tfh细胞的分化,LBP对Th1细胞的分化无明显影响,LBP能抑制Treg细胞的分化。本研究证实LBP作为疫苗免疫调节剂,可调控DC及Th细胞亚群的分化而发挥免疫调节作用,为LBP的免疫调节机制提供理论依据。

Immune Potential of a Novel Multiple-epitope Vaccine to FMDV Type Asia 1 in Guinea Pigs and Sheep

To develop a safe and efficient recombinant subunit vaccine to foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) type Asia 1 in sheep, a tandem repeated multiple-epitope gene consisting of residues 137-160 and 197-211 of the VP1 gene of FMDV was designed and artificially synthesized. The biologically functional molecule, the ovine IgG heavy constant region (oIgG) as a protein carrier was introduced for design of the multiple-epitope recombinant vaccine and recombinant expression plasmids pET-30a-RE and pET-30a-RE-oIgG were successfully constructed. The recombinant proteins, RE and RE-oIgG, were expressed as a formation of inclusion bodies in E. coli. The immune potential of this vaccine regime in guinea pigs and sheep was evaluated. The results showed that IgG could significantly enhance the immune potential of antigenic epitopes. The recombinant protein RE-oIgG could not only elicit the high levels of neutralizing antibodies and lymphocytes proliferation responses in the vaccinated guinea pigs, but confer complete protection in guinea pigs against virus challenge. Although the recombinant protein RE could not confer protection in the vaccinated animals, it could delay the appearance of the clinical signs and reduce the severity of disease. Inspiringly, the titers of anti-FMDV neutralizing antibodies elicited in sheep vaccinated with RE-oIgG was significantly higher than that for the RE vaccination. Therefore, we speculated that this vaccine formulation may be a promising strategy for designing a novel vaccine against FMDV in the future.

Preparation and Characterization of Monoclonal Antibodies against VP1 Protein of Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus O/China99

Monoclonal antibodies (McAbs) 1A9 and 9F12 against Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O were produced by fusing SP2/0 myeloma cells with splenocyte from the mouse immunized with O/China99. Both McAbs reacted with O/China99 but not with Asia 1, as determined by immunohistochemistry assay. The microneutralization titer of the McAbs 1A9 and 9F12 were 640 and 1 280, respectively. Both McAbs contain kappa light chains, but the McAbs 1A9 and 9F12 were IgG1 and IgM, respectively. In order to define the McAbs binding epitopes, the reactivity of these McAbs against VP1, P20 and P14 were examined using indirect ELISA, the result showed that both McAbs reacted with VP1 and P20. McAbs may be used for further studies of vaccine, diagnostic methods, prophylaxis, etiological and immunological researches on FMDV.