湖相碳酸盐岩礁滩体系沉积特征、主控因素及成因模式:以东营凹陷西部沙四上亚段为例

湖相碳酸盐岩广泛存在于陆相湖盆之中,大型礁滩沉积体系的发育模式对湖相碳酸盐岩成因机理的研究具有重要意义。基于钻井岩心、薄片、测录井、地震以及地球化学测试等资料,分析了东营凹陷西部沙四上亚段湖相碳酸盐岩沉积特征。结果表明:研究区常见7种岩石类型及4种岩性组合,可识别出藻礁、浅滩、灰泥坪及风暴沉积4种沉积微相。藻礁和浅滩共同构成湖相礁滩复合沉积体系,主要发育于碳酸盐岩台地顶部,相带主体呈NE-SW向展布;灰泥坪主要发育于台地内部及剥蚀区附近;风暴沉积在台地东南斜坡区上部较为发育。从高位域早期至晚期,礁滩体系由垂向加积为主演化为逐步发生侧向迁移,平面展布规模逐渐扩大至斜坡区上部。推测区域和全球相对温暖气候背景、古东亚季风气候条件下盛行的东南风、盆地构造及古地貌、湖平面升降、碳酸盐岩母岩风化及海侵作用等共同控制了该湖相礁滩体系的形成及演化。在此基础上,提出湖相碳酸盐岩“气候—物源—盆地”系统成因模式,丰富了对湖盆大规模礁滩沉积体系形成机理的认识。

Sedimentary facies and evolution of aeolianites on Shidao Island,Xisha Islands

The aeolianite deposits on Shidao Island of the Xisha Islands,the South China Sea,contain five stages of aeolian biocalcarenites and four paleosols.The aeolian biocalcarenites consist of two sedimentary facies:dune and interdune deposits.In the dunes,large-scale festoon cross-bedding,humped cross-bedding and high-angle foreset bedding are well developed,and in the interdunes,large-scale flat-bedding and low-angle wedge shaped cross-bedding are well developed.The sedimentary structures and lamella features indicate that the aeolian deposits are driven mainly by the northeast monsoon.The aeolian biocalcarenite and paleosols may reflect the arid and humid climates of the East Asian monsoon,respectively.By comparison with the stalagmite oxygen isotope climosequence of Hulu Cave,Nanjing,we inferred that the aeolianite formed in the last glacial stage,and the paleosols were formed during relatively long-term warm events.

Geochemistry of rare earth elements in the mid-late Quaternary sediments of the western Philippine Sea and their paleoenvironmental significance

Based on a δ180 chronology, rare earth elements （REE） and other typical elements in sediments from core MD06-3047 in the western Philippine Sea were analyzed to constrain the provenances of the sediments and investigate quantitative changes in the Asian eolian input to the study area over the last 700 ka. Among the competing processes that might affect REE compositions, sediment provenance is the most important one. Provenance analysis suggests that the study sediments have two provenance end-members; local volcanic sources are dominant, and eolian dust from the Asian continent has a smaller contribution. During glacial periods, eolian input to the western Philippine Sea was enhanced. In contrast, material supply from local volcanics in- creased during interglacial periods. Changes in eolian input to the study area were probably related to the strength of the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM） as well as aridity in the Asian continent on an orbital time scale, and were partly influenced by local control factors on shorter time scales. Therefore, we propose that the present study expands the application of the REE-based method for quantitatively estimating the eolian component from the mid-latitude northern Pacific to the low-latitude western Pacific. Additionally, the study preliminarily confirms the influence of EAWM-transported eolian materi- al on sedimentation in the western Philippine Sea since 700 ka.

A^200 ka pollen record from Okinawa Trough:Paleoenvironment reconstruction of glacial-interglacial cycles

Pollen analysis was carried out on the Core MD982194 of 29.78 m retrieved from the Middle Okinawa Trough which was dated as old as -200 ka BP. The results revealed that pollen assemblages mainly presented an alternation of coniferous and herb pollen. The coniferous saccate pollen, principally Pinus and Tsuga, predominated in most parts of the core, especially highlighted in the interstadial stages including MIS 1,3, 5 and MIS7, whereas the herb pollen significantly increased in the gla- cial periods. Thus the pollen flora and their percentages showed the sensitive changes under the influence of ice volume during the glacial and interglacial periods. Our record from this core has first documented that the percentage of Cyperaceae was ex- tremely high in the glacial stages with a notable increase in Artemisia, Gramineae, Asteraceae, Cbenopodiaceae, and freshwa- ter algae, which can be used as a proxy for sea-level change at the study site because of their close negative correlation of the orbital-scale changes in sea level. The distance between the continental coastline and the Okinawa Trough has deeply short- ened due to the sea-level drop in the LGM. As a result, the sediment materials from Yangtze River were extensively deposited on the flat, exposed continental shelf owing to the rapid decline of river flow speed, leading to that pollen grains from Okinawa Trough are derived mainly from the flat coastal vegetation of exposed continental shelf at glacial stages. Changes of pollen as- semblage were consistent with the variation of temperature and humidity, which showed that the percentage of arboreal pollen was highly augmented at MIS 7, 5 and MIS 1, corresponding to the strengthening of the East Asian summer monsoon and in- creasing of rainfall. Moreover, the peak of Pinus percentage in MIS 5.3, 5.1 and MIS 3.3 may be closely linked by orbital and sub-orbital cycles of solar radiation and monsoonal variability. The present study of core MD981294 implied lower tempera- ture and precipitation during the lowest sea-level stage （LGM）, and more visibly testified that the vegetation of the flat plain on the exposed continental shelf was dominated by intrazonal communities such as halophyte grasslands and freshwater wetlands instead of zonal steppe or semi-arid desert. All above evidence demonstrated that the fundamental changes of pollen assem- blage and their origins in Okinawa Trough since -200 ka BP were affected by combine factors including the coastline position and climate fluctuation. Moreover, the substantial shortening of distance between shoreline and the Okinawa Trough driven by orbital insolation cycles was clearly indicated by the pollen spectra, whereas the source-area climate signal of the pollen record was largely weakened.