达尔文(Charles Robert Darwin,1809—1882)在奠定与充实其生物进化论过程中,曾广泛利用中国资料。但他利用这些资料的情况并非总是清楚的。本文试图将他获得中国资料的西文书刊与中国原著内容加以对比,展示达尔文利用《齐民要术》、《...达尔文(Charles Robert Darwin,1809—1882)在奠定与充实其生物进化论过程中,曾广泛利用中国资料。但他利用这些资料的情况并非总是清楚的。本文试图将他获得中国资料的西文书刊与中国原著内容加以对比,展示达尔文利用《齐民要术》、《本草纲目》、《便民图纂》、《三才图会》、《七修类稿》、《康熙畿暇格物编》、《大唐西域记》、《周礼》、《康熙字典》及《竹谱》等10部中国古籍的过程细节。在作这项研究的同时,我们还试对达尔文英文原著作出某些文字校勘,并提供其著作中某些段落的新译文,供国内外同行参考。文内给出中西有关史料的原文。展开更多
At one time, people considered Confucius their god; at another, they thought him a monster,' says Professor Guo Qijia of the Education Institute of Beijing Normal University. 'We now intend to re-address him a...At one time, people considered Confucius their god; at another, they thought him a monster,' says Professor Guo Qijia of the Education Institute of Beijing Normal University. 'We now intend to re-address him and re-examine his thought in his capacity as a human being.展开更多
Yang Hui was one of the most important authors of mathematical works during the thirteenth century.Mathematical Methods Explaining in Detail The Nine Chapters(Xiangjie jiuzhang suanfa詳解九章算法,1261 CE)is the earlie...Yang Hui was one of the most important authors of mathematical works during the thirteenth century.Mathematical Methods Explaining in Detail The Nine Chapters(Xiangjie jiuzhang suanfa詳解九章算法,1261 CE)is the earliest extant work attributed to Yang Hui.From the thirteenth to the fifteenth century,this work played a crucial role in the circulation and popularization of The Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures(Jiuzhang suanshu九章算术).However,the only surviving printed edition of Mathematical Methods is incomplete and contains many mistakes obstructing contemporary researchers'understanding of this work.The "Fangcheng" chapter of The Nine Chapters deals with problems related to solving what today are known as simultaneous sets of linear equations.However,interpreting the text in this chapter of Mathematical Methods and recovering the mathematical practices relating to fangcheng are difficult.Through detailed textual and mathematical analyses,the author of this paper explains Yang Hufs understanding and practice relating to〃the fangcheng method"and"the method of the positive and the negative".This paper includes an appendix that provides a detailed translation of the ambiguous text relating to"the method of the positive and the negative"and gives reasons supporting the interpretation provided here.Yang Hufs understanding of the concepts of"positive"and"negative"and his practice relating to these two concepts may easily be confused with their apparent counterparts in modem mathematics.Also,careful analysis of the mathematical methods in this work reveal that the order of problems in Yang Hufs Reclassifications of Mathematical Methods Explaining in Detail The Nine Chapters([Xiangjie jiuzhang suanfa zuanlei詳解九章算法纂類],namely,the last section of Mathematical Methods)were rearranged according to commentaries to specific methods that appear in Mathematical Methods.Some textual clues referring to the zzprevious question"(qianwen前問)in certain commentaries of Mathematical Methods indeed reflect the order of problems in Reclassifications.Yang Hui made especially detailed commentaries on the problems that he arranged in a sequence that differs with respect to the original order of problems as they appear in the ancient classic work,The Nine Chapters.All these discoveries reveal and serve to prove a close relationship between Yang Hufs Mathematical Methods and his Reclassifications.展开更多
文摘达尔文(Charles Robert Darwin,1809—1882)在奠定与充实其生物进化论过程中,曾广泛利用中国资料。但他利用这些资料的情况并非总是清楚的。本文试图将他获得中国资料的西文书刊与中国原著内容加以对比,展示达尔文利用《齐民要术》、《本草纲目》、《便民图纂》、《三才图会》、《七修类稿》、《康熙畿暇格物编》、《大唐西域记》、《周礼》、《康熙字典》及《竹谱》等10部中国古籍的过程细节。在作这项研究的同时,我们还试对达尔文英文原著作出某些文字校勘,并提供其著作中某些段落的新译文,供国内外同行参考。文内给出中西有关史料的原文。
文摘At one time, people considered Confucius their god; at another, they thought him a monster,' says Professor Guo Qijia of the Education Institute of Beijing Normal University. 'We now intend to re-address him and re-examine his thought in his capacity as a human being.
基金research projects“Elements of Continuity between Mathematical Writings from the Thirteenth to the Fifteenth Century in China(十三至十五世纪中国数学著作连续性Y950051)”“Transmission of the Knowledge of Science and Technology along the Silk Road(丝绸之路科技知识传播Y921011012,Director:Guo Yuanyuan郭园园)”of the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences.The paper has been copyedited by John Moffett。
文摘Yang Hui was one of the most important authors of mathematical works during the thirteenth century.Mathematical Methods Explaining in Detail The Nine Chapters(Xiangjie jiuzhang suanfa詳解九章算法,1261 CE)is the earliest extant work attributed to Yang Hui.From the thirteenth to the fifteenth century,this work played a crucial role in the circulation and popularization of The Nine Chapters on Mathematical Procedures(Jiuzhang suanshu九章算术).However,the only surviving printed edition of Mathematical Methods is incomplete and contains many mistakes obstructing contemporary researchers'understanding of this work.The "Fangcheng" chapter of The Nine Chapters deals with problems related to solving what today are known as simultaneous sets of linear equations.However,interpreting the text in this chapter of Mathematical Methods and recovering the mathematical practices relating to fangcheng are difficult.Through detailed textual and mathematical analyses,the author of this paper explains Yang Hufs understanding and practice relating to〃the fangcheng method"and"the method of the positive and the negative".This paper includes an appendix that provides a detailed translation of the ambiguous text relating to"the method of the positive and the negative"and gives reasons supporting the interpretation provided here.Yang Hufs understanding of the concepts of"positive"and"negative"and his practice relating to these two concepts may easily be confused with their apparent counterparts in modem mathematics.Also,careful analysis of the mathematical methods in this work reveal that the order of problems in Yang Hufs Reclassifications of Mathematical Methods Explaining in Detail The Nine Chapters([Xiangjie jiuzhang suanfa zuanlei詳解九章算法纂類],namely,the last section of Mathematical Methods)were rearranged according to commentaries to specific methods that appear in Mathematical Methods.Some textual clues referring to the zzprevious question"(qianwen前問)in certain commentaries of Mathematical Methods indeed reflect the order of problems in Reclassifications.Yang Hui made especially detailed commentaries on the problems that he arranged in a sequence that differs with respect to the original order of problems as they appear in the ancient classic work,The Nine Chapters.All these discoveries reveal and serve to prove a close relationship between Yang Hufs Mathematical Methods and his Reclassifications.
