农业文化遗产中传统知识的概念与保护——以普洱古茶园与茶文化系统为例

传统知识不仅是地方社区内居民与自然环境长期适应中所积累的经验智慧,也是农业文化遗产的结构性存在,对遗产系统具有支持作用。因此,传统知识的传承保护是农业文化遗产保护工作的重要内容。本文通过归纳分析当前相关国际公约及研究中对于传统知识的定义及内涵,结合农业文化遗产特征将农业文化遗产中的传统知识定义为"农业文化遗产内,居民在长期生产生活过程中,围绕农业所积累的与生计维持、资源管理、生物多样性保护、精神信仰维持等多个方面密切相关的知识、创新及实践",可分为生计维持类传统知识、生物多样性保护类传统知识、传统技艺类传统知识、文化类传统知识及自然资源管理类传统知识5类。文章通过梳理农业文化遗产与传统知识的相关关系,以普洱古茶园与茶文化系统为例,结合遗产地实地情况,针对当前传统知识保护中所存在的实物载体遭到破坏、传承存在危机、受到旅游业冲击及保护措施相对低效等问题,提出加强保护意识、将传统知识保护纳入遗产系统保护规划、开展传统知识的调查编目、加强传承记录工作及充分利用现有制度对传统知识进行保护等措施,以期为农业文化遗产中传统知识的保护提供建议参考。

文化景观视角下的农业文化遗产认知与保护研究——以云南双江勐库古茶园与茶文化系统为例

农业文化遗产作为人地关系长期协同进化和动态适应形成的土地利用系统和农业景观,与世界遗产中农业类文化景观具有一定的共性和联系。文化景观所提供的物质与非物质统一、自然与人文互动的理论视角,为全面提升农业文化遗产价值研究提供重要的理论基础。基于两者共性和标准,构建了文化景观视角下农业文化遗产研究框架,即以遗产内涵和价值认知为基础,结合农业文化遗产与农业类文化景观的异同,从遗产特征、要素构成和价值解读等方面对农业文化遗产系统进行深入分析,进而提出文化景观视角下农业文化遗产保护策略。本文以云南双江勐库古茶园与茶文化系统为例,分析了遗产特征,从农业生产系统中茶农、茶树和古茶园的关系出发,明确遗产要素的构成与互动关系;从价值关联、价值领域、价值载体、价值认知多个层次对农业文化遗产价值体系进行解读,提出自然类、生产类和文化类价值体系下古茶山生态环境状况、茶对当地人生计保障作用、茶文化与茶树栽培的关系等价值认知内容;并基于遗产特征、要素构成和价值体系,提出正确认知遗产价值和建立遗产保护体系的动态保护机制,以及保护自然要素完整性、传承与活化文化要素、发展生产要素、强化多学科研究支撑和推动茶文化遗产区域性保护等五项保护措施。

“美丽乡村”景观规划设计探略——以重庆市南川区德隆乡金佛山古茶村为例

在2013年中央一号文件中,第一次提出了要建设'美丽乡村'的奋斗目标,'美丽乡村'不只是外在美,更要美在可持续发展。要不断壮大集体经济,进而更好地为民办实事,带领农民致富,推动'美丽乡村'建设向更高层级迈进,真正成为惠民利民之举。本文以重庆市南川区德隆乡金佛山古茶文化苑为例,从景观规划设计的角度出发,以文化的传承、可持续发展的设计理念为出发点,对'美丽乡村'规划设计进行详细研究。

Evaluation System for Yunnan Cultural Tourism Routes Based on a Five Component Model: Case Study of the Ancient Tea-horse Road in the South of Yunnan

Cultural tourism routes can reveal and protect cultural tourism heritage by means of cultural tourism in the'time category'and the'space category'.The construction of an evaluation system for cultural tourism routes and the evaluation,scoring and grading of existing and potential cultural tourism routes are the key to the protection of heritage,history and culture along these routes,and the key to encouraging the standardization,branding and sustainable development of various formats on the routes.Yunnan cultural tourism routes are diverse and rich in resources,and their developmental foundation is good.However,the tourism development and cultural development activities occur along separate lines and there is a lack of unified management.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on information collection,information analysis,problem diagnosis and improvement of status in the local practices of Yunnan cultural tourism routes,and to guide the sustainable development of Yunnan cultural tourism routes.Based on the advanced experience of COE(Council of Europe),UNESCO WHC(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,World Heritage Committee)and ICOMOS(International Council on Monuments and Sites),this paper comprehensively analyzes the decisive criteria for line evaluation by interpreting and summarizing the connotations of cultural tourism routes,and determines that the evaluation of cultural tourism routes should include lines.Five aspects―the theme,the participating subject,the object itself,related activities and multi-party value―are used to construct a five-component model.At the same time,based on the consumer utility function,a complete route evaluation and hierarchical system is constructed.Then,taking the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route as an example and using the expert scoring method and the analytic hierarchy process,the actual scores and grades of the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route are determined,and countermeasures and suggestions for its sustainable development are proposed.The paper also verifies the applicability and practicability of the evaluation system,and promotes and improves the feedback evaluation system.The aim is to at promote and widely apply the evaluation system of cultural tourism routes,realizing the transformation from individual cases to joint cases,and promoting the standardization and sustainable development of cultural tourism routes.