唐代信阳茶的兴起与古茶路考

唐代开始,饮茶之风兴起,以长安、洛阳为中心的中原茶市场和西北市场开始出现,淮南茶区在内的多个重要产茶区也逐渐形成。而此时位于淮南茶区的信阳茶不仅产量高,而且质量优,既生产贡茶,也提供大量的商品茶。学术界对唐代信阳茶的制作加工和品饮进行了深入研究,但这一时期信阳贡茶和商品茶的贸易运输通道即茶路的发展、演变研究尚属空白。本文依据大量的历史文献资料、地方史志资料和茶学著述,结合田野考察,对唐代信阳茶路进行研究和梳理,认为唐代信阳的茶路兼顾陆路和水路两种,以水路为主,且水路主要沿历史悠久的淮颍水道进行。

Evaluation System for Yunnan Cultural Tourism Routes Based on a Five Component Model: Case Study of the Ancient Tea-horse Road in the South of Yunnan

Cultural tourism routes can reveal and protect cultural tourism heritage by means of cultural tourism in the'time category'and the'space category'.The construction of an evaluation system for cultural tourism routes and the evaluation,scoring and grading of existing and potential cultural tourism routes are the key to the protection of heritage,history and culture along these routes,and the key to encouraging the standardization,branding and sustainable development of various formats on the routes.Yunnan cultural tourism routes are diverse and rich in resources,and their developmental foundation is good.However,the tourism development and cultural development activities occur along separate lines and there is a lack of unified management.Therefore,it is necessary to conduct research on information collection,information analysis,problem diagnosis and improvement of status in the local practices of Yunnan cultural tourism routes,and to guide the sustainable development of Yunnan cultural tourism routes.Based on the advanced experience of COE(Council of Europe),UNESCO WHC(United Nations Educational,Scientific and Cultural Organization,World Heritage Committee)and ICOMOS(International Council on Monuments and Sites),this paper comprehensively analyzes the decisive criteria for line evaluation by interpreting and summarizing the connotations of cultural tourism routes,and determines that the evaluation of cultural tourism routes should include lines.Five aspects―the theme,the participating subject,the object itself,related activities and multi-party value―are used to construct a five-component model.At the same time,based on the consumer utility function,a complete route evaluation and hierarchical system is constructed.Then,taking the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route as an example and using the expert scoring method and the analytic hierarchy process,the actual scores and grades of the Ancient Tea-horse Road cultural tourism route are determined,and countermeasures and suggestions for its sustainable development are proposed.The paper also verifies the applicability and practicability of the evaluation system,and promotes and improves the feedback evaluation system.The aim is to at promote and widely apply the evaluation system of cultural tourism routes,realizing the transformation from individual cases to joint cases,and promoting the standardization and sustainable development of cultural tourism routes.