In this study,we showed that BiO Br nanoplates prepared at different pH values have substratedependent photocatalytic activities under visible-light irradiation. The BiO Br nanoplates synthesized at pH 1（BOB-1） degr...In this study,we showed that BiO Br nanoplates prepared at different pH values have substratedependent photocatalytic activities under visible-light irradiation. The BiO Br nanoplates synthesized at pH 1（BOB-1） degraded salicylic acid more effectively than did those obtained at pH 3（BOB-3）,but the order of their photocatalytic activities in rhodamine B（RhB） degradation were reversed. Electrochemical Mott–Schottky and zeta-potential measurements showed that BOB-1 had a more positive valence band and lower surface charge,leading to superior photocatalytic activity in salicylic acid degradation under visible light. However,BOB-3 was more powerful in RhB degradation because larger numbers of superoxide radicals were generated via electron injection from the excited RhB to its more negative conduction band under visible-light irradiation; this was confirmed using active oxygen species measurements and electron spin resonance analysis. This study deepens our understanding of the origins of organic-pollutant-dependent photoreactivities of semiconductors,and will help in designing highly active photocatalysts for environmental remediation.展开更多
We investigate the Painleve integrabiiity of nonautonomous nonlinear Schr6dinger （NLS） equations with both space-and time-dependent dispersion, nonlinearity, and external potentials. The Painleve analysis is carried...We investigate the Painleve integrabiiity of nonautonomous nonlinear Schr6dinger （NLS） equations with both space-and time-dependent dispersion, nonlinearity, and external potentials. The Painleve analysis is carried out without using the Kruskal＇s simplification, which results in more generalized form of inhomogeneous equations. The obtained equations are shown to be reducible to the standard NLS equation by using a point transformation. We also construct the corresponding Lax pair and carry out its Kundu-type reduction to the standard Lax pair. Special cases of equations from choosing limited form of coefficients coincide with the equations from the previous Painleve analyses and/or become unknown new equations.展开更多
Objective To investigate the effects ofamiodarone （AMD） on simvastatin （SV） in human liver microsomes and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Time-, NADPH- and concentration-dependent inhibitions were test...Objective To investigate the effects ofamiodarone （AMD） on simvastatin （SV） in human liver microsomes and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Time-, NADPH- and concentration-dependent inhibitions were tested in HLM. The logarithm of relative inhibition values was plotted versus preincubation time （0, 5, 10, 15, 20min） for a series concentration of AMD used （0, 2, 5, 25, 50 umol/L）, and the slopes determined by linear regression. These slope values represente the observed inactivation rate constants （kobs ）. A double-reciprocal plot was then constructed using the reciprocal of the kobs （y-axis） and the reciprocal of the associated inhibitor concentration （x-axis） to estimate the values of kinact and K1, which were two principal kinetic constants that were specific for mechanism-based inhibition （MBI）.drug-drug interactions （DDI） potential was predicted based on in vitro data and by using the in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Results The time-, concentration- and NADPH-dependent characteristics confirmed that when SV was the substrate of CYP3A4, the inhibition of AMD to CYP3A4 is MBI. KI and kinact value were calculated to be 5.1umol/L and 0.018minL The CLant of SV was reduced 2.96-5.63 fold when it was administrated with AMD. Conclusion Based on the results, AMD would inhibit SV metabolism via the mechanism-based manner, which would lead to DDI when they are taken together. Careful clinical observation is recommended when AMD and SV have to be simultaneously prescribed.展开更多
Objective To investigate the spike activities of cerebellar cortical cells in a computational network model con- structed based on the anatomical structure of cerebellar cortex. Methods and Results The multicompartmen...Objective To investigate the spike activities of cerebellar cortical cells in a computational network model con- structed based on the anatomical structure of cerebellar cortex. Methods and Results The multicompartment model of neuron and NEURON software were used to study the external influences on cerebellar cortical cells. Various potential spike patterns in these cells were obtained. By analyzing the impacts of different incoming stimuli on the potential spike of Purkinje cell, temporal focusing caused by the granule cell-golgi cell feedback inhibitory loop to Purkinje cell and spa- tial focusing caused by the parallel fiber-basket/stellate cell local inhibitory loop to Purkinje cell were discussed. Finally, the motor learning process of rabbit eye blink conditioned reflex was demonstrated in this model. The simulation results showed that when the afferent from climbing fiber existed, rabbit adaptation to eye blinking gradually became stable under the Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity （STDP） learning rule. Conclusion The constructed cerebellar cortex network is a reliable and feasible model. The model simulation results confirmed the output signal stability of cerebellar cortex after STDP learning and the network can execute the function of spatial and temporal focusing.展开更多
A framework of continuum breakage mechanics was used to investigate the dependence of compressibility on grain size distribution(GSD)as well as relative density of sand.Compressibility dependence on GSD was considered...A framework of continuum breakage mechanics was used to investigate the dependence of compressibility on grain size distribution(GSD)as well as relative density of sand.Compressibility dependence on GSD was considered by employing a GSD index and relative density dependence was reflected by varying the plastic-breakage coupling angle.Simulations of the experimental results including isotropic compression and one-dimensional compression of sands with different relative densities and GSDs revealed that sand compressibility increased with the increasing GSD index and plastic-breakage coupling angle.The coupling angle decreased with increasing relative density,indicating that grains would break more in sand with comparatively high relative density.展开更多
In the mean field approximation of nonlinear relativistic a-ω-p model, we have studied the influence of density-dependent coupling constants between nucleons and mesons on the equation of state （EOS） of infinite sy...In the mean field approximation of nonlinear relativistic a-ω-p model, we have studied the influence of density-dependent coupling constants between nucleons and mesons on the equation of state （EOS） of infinite symmetric nuclear matter in different conditions. We find that the EOS of nuclear matter will become stiffer as e, d in the self- interaction of σ meson increase when the coeffcients except aω in Гω, in which the opposite occurs, are fixed. On the other hand, greater values of aσ, bσ, cσ, aω, dω and smaller values of dσ, bω, cω will lead to stiffer EOS ifc and d are fixed. Besides, greater values of Гω lead to stiffer EOS in high density region for the EOS with same incompressibility coefficient at saturation density.展开更多
The authors prove the global null controllability for the 1-dimensional nonlinear slow diffusion equation by using both a boundary and an internal control. They assume that the internal control is only time dependent....The authors prove the global null controllability for the 1-dimensional nonlinear slow diffusion equation by using both a boundary and an internal control. They assume that the internal control is only time dependent. The proof relies on the return method in combination with some local controllability results for nondegenerate equations and rescaling techniques.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars(21425728)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(21173093+4 种基金211770482127308821477044)the Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2013CFA114)the the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(CCNU14Z01001 CCNU14KFY002)~~
文摘In this study,we showed that BiO Br nanoplates prepared at different pH values have substratedependent photocatalytic activities under visible-light irradiation. The BiO Br nanoplates synthesized at pH 1（BOB-1） degraded salicylic acid more effectively than did those obtained at pH 3（BOB-3）,but the order of their photocatalytic activities in rhodamine B（RhB） degradation were reversed. Electrochemical Mott–Schottky and zeta-potential measurements showed that BOB-1 had a more positive valence band and lower surface charge,leading to superior photocatalytic activity in salicylic acid degradation under visible light. However,BOB-3 was more powerful in RhB degradation because larger numbers of superoxide radicals were generated via electron injection from the excited RhB to its more negative conduction band under visible-light irradiation; this was confirmed using active oxygen species measurements and electron spin resonance analysis. This study deepens our understanding of the origins of organic-pollutant-dependent photoreactivities of semiconductors,and will help in designing highly active photocatalysts for environmental remediation.
基金supported by the Kyung Hee University on sabbatical leave in 2010
文摘We investigate the Painleve integrabiiity of nonautonomous nonlinear Schr6dinger （NLS） equations with both space-and time-dependent dispersion, nonlinearity, and external potentials. The Painleve analysis is carried out without using the Kruskal＇s simplification, which results in more generalized form of inhomogeneous equations. The obtained equations are shown to be reducible to the standard NLS equation by using a point transformation. We also construct the corresponding Lax pair and carry out its Kundu-type reduction to the standard Lax pair. Special cases of equations from choosing limited form of coefficients coincide with the equations from the previous Painleve analyses and/or become unknown new equations.
文摘Objective To investigate the effects ofamiodarone （AMD） on simvastatin （SV） in human liver microsomes and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Time-, NADPH- and concentration-dependent inhibitions were tested in HLM. The logarithm of relative inhibition values was plotted versus preincubation time （0, 5, 10, 15, 20min） for a series concentration of AMD used （0, 2, 5, 25, 50 umol/L）, and the slopes determined by linear regression. These slope values represente the observed inactivation rate constants （kobs ）. A double-reciprocal plot was then constructed using the reciprocal of the kobs （y-axis） and the reciprocal of the associated inhibitor concentration （x-axis） to estimate the values of kinact and K1, which were two principal kinetic constants that were specific for mechanism-based inhibition （MBI）.drug-drug interactions （DDI） potential was predicted based on in vitro data and by using the in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Results The time-, concentration- and NADPH-dependent characteristics confirmed that when SV was the substrate of CYP3A4, the inhibition of AMD to CYP3A4 is MBI. KI and kinact value were calculated to be 5.1umol/L and 0.018minL The CLant of SV was reduced 2.96-5.63 fold when it was administrated with AMD. Conclusion Based on the results, AMD would inhibit SV metabolism via the mechanism-based manner, which would lead to DDI when they are taken together. Careful clinical observation is recommended when AMD and SV have to be simultaneously prescribed.
基金supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10872069)
文摘Objective To investigate the spike activities of cerebellar cortical cells in a computational network model con- structed based on the anatomical structure of cerebellar cortex. Methods and Results The multicompartment model of neuron and NEURON software were used to study the external influences on cerebellar cortical cells. Various potential spike patterns in these cells were obtained. By analyzing the impacts of different incoming stimuli on the potential spike of Purkinje cell, temporal focusing caused by the granule cell-golgi cell feedback inhibitory loop to Purkinje cell and spa- tial focusing caused by the parallel fiber-basket/stellate cell local inhibitory loop to Purkinje cell were discussed. Finally, the motor learning process of rabbit eye blink conditioned reflex was demonstrated in this model. The simulation results showed that when the afferent from climbing fiber existed, rabbit adaptation to eye blinking gradually became stable under the Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity （STDP） learning rule. Conclusion The constructed cerebellar cortex network is a reliable and feasible model. The model simulation results confirmed the output signal stability of cerebellar cortex after STDP learning and the network can execute the function of spatial and temporal focusing.
基金supported by China Scholarship Council(Grant No.201306710022)
文摘A framework of continuum breakage mechanics was used to investigate the dependence of compressibility on grain size distribution(GSD)as well as relative density of sand.Compressibility dependence on GSD was considered by employing a GSD index and relative density dependence was reflected by varying the plastic-breakage coupling angle.Simulations of the experimental results including isotropic compression and one-dimensional compression of sands with different relative densities and GSDs revealed that sand compressibility increased with the increasing GSD index and plastic-breakage coupling angle.The coupling angle decreased with increasing relative density,indicating that grains would break more in sand with comparatively high relative density.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.11275073
文摘In the mean field approximation of nonlinear relativistic a-ω-p model, we have studied the influence of density-dependent coupling constants between nucleons and mesons on the equation of state （EOS） of infinite symmetric nuclear matter in different conditions. We find that the EOS of nuclear matter will become stiffer as e, d in the self- interaction of σ meson increase when the coeffcients except aω in Гω, in which the opposite occurs, are fixed. On the other hand, greater values of aσ, bσ, cσ, aω, dω and smaller values of dσ, bω, cω will lead to stiffer EOS ifc and d are fixed. Besides, greater values of Гω lead to stiffer EOS in high density region for the EOS with same incompressibility coefficient at saturation density.
基金Project supported by the ITN FIRST of the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Community (No. 238702)the ERC advanced grant 266907 (CPDENL) of the 7th Research Framework Programme (FP7)+1 种基金DGISPI of Spain (Project MTM2011-26119)the Research Group MOMAT(No. 910480) supported by UCM
文摘The authors prove the global null controllability for the 1-dimensional nonlinear slow diffusion equation by using both a boundary and an internal control. They assume that the internal control is only time dependent. The proof relies on the return method in combination with some local controllability results for nondegenerate equations and rescaling techniques.
