This study aims to illustrate the Japanese electricity supply system after the earthquake with consideration of Japanese uniqueness including its 10 separate grids with weak connections between them and the geographic...This study aims to illustrate the Japanese electricity supply system after the earthquake with consideration of Japanese uniqueness including its 10 separate grids with weak connections between them and the geographical gap between renewable potential and electricity consumptions using GIS data for a TIMES model. We take FIT （feed-in-tariff） as a policy measure to promote renewables. To consider policies to promote renewables, we need a modelling approach where the electricity system of the entire country is represented with extremely disaggregated information on existing stock and future potentials of renewables. By building up technology models based on detailed disaggregate information on existing stocks and future potentials of renewables at the sub-regional level, we can develop renewables-related policies which reflect more realistic conditions. According to the simulation results, high FIT prices do not guarantee more introductions of renewables. High FIT prices make the huge potential of renewables commercially viable, but at the same time, they limit the maximum introduction of renewables. In addition, a high FIT budget does not guarantee more renewable introduction.展开更多
In the United States, university buildings use 17% of total non-residential building energy per year. According to the NREL （National Renewable Energy Laboratory）, the average lifecycle of a building in a university...In the United States, university buildings use 17% of total non-residential building energy per year. According to the NREL （National Renewable Energy Laboratory）, the average lifecycle of a building in a university is 42 years with an EUI （energy use intensity） of 23 kWh/m^2/y. Current building and energy codes limit the EUI to 16 kWh/m^2/y for new school buildings; this benchmark can vary depending on climate, occupancy, and other contextual factors. Although the LEED （leadership in energy and environmental design） system provides a set of guidelines to rate sustainable buildings, studies have shown that 28%-35% of the educational LEED-rated buildings use more energy than their conventional counterparts. This paper examines the issues specific to a LEED-rated design addition to an existing university building. The forum, a lecture hall expansion of to an existing building at the University of Kansas, has been proposed as environmentally friendly and energy-efficient building addition. Comfort and health aspects have been considered in the design in order to obtain LEED platinum certificate. The forum＇s energy performance strategies include a double-skin facade to reduce energy consumption and PV （photovoltaic） panels to generate onsite energy. This study considers various scenarios to meet NZEB （net-zero energy building） criteria and maximize energy savings. The feasibility of NZE criteria is evaluated for： （a） seasonal comparison; （b） facility occupancy; （c） PV panels＇ addition in relation to double skin facade. The results of NZEB approach are compared to LEED platinum requirements, based on Rol （return on investment） and PV panel＇s efficiency for this specific educational building.展开更多
文摘This study aims to illustrate the Japanese electricity supply system after the earthquake with consideration of Japanese uniqueness including its 10 separate grids with weak connections between them and the geographical gap between renewable potential and electricity consumptions using GIS data for a TIMES model. We take FIT （feed-in-tariff） as a policy measure to promote renewables. To consider policies to promote renewables, we need a modelling approach where the electricity system of the entire country is represented with extremely disaggregated information on existing stock and future potentials of renewables. By building up technology models based on detailed disaggregate information on existing stocks and future potentials of renewables at the sub-regional level, we can develop renewables-related policies which reflect more realistic conditions. According to the simulation results, high FIT prices do not guarantee more introductions of renewables. High FIT prices make the huge potential of renewables commercially viable, but at the same time, they limit the maximum introduction of renewables. In addition, a high FIT budget does not guarantee more renewable introduction.
文摘In the United States, university buildings use 17% of total non-residential building energy per year. According to the NREL （National Renewable Energy Laboratory）, the average lifecycle of a building in a university is 42 years with an EUI （energy use intensity） of 23 kWh/m^2/y. Current building and energy codes limit the EUI to 16 kWh/m^2/y for new school buildings; this benchmark can vary depending on climate, occupancy, and other contextual factors. Although the LEED （leadership in energy and environmental design） system provides a set of guidelines to rate sustainable buildings, studies have shown that 28%-35% of the educational LEED-rated buildings use more energy than their conventional counterparts. This paper examines the issues specific to a LEED-rated design addition to an existing university building. The forum, a lecture hall expansion of to an existing building at the University of Kansas, has been proposed as environmentally friendly and energy-efficient building addition. Comfort and health aspects have been considered in the design in order to obtain LEED platinum certificate. The forum＇s energy performance strategies include a double-skin facade to reduce energy consumption and PV （photovoltaic） panels to generate onsite energy. This study considers various scenarios to meet NZEB （net-zero energy building） criteria and maximize energy savings. The feasibility of NZE criteria is evaluated for： （a） seasonal comparison; （b） facility occupancy; （c） PV panels＇ addition in relation to double skin facade. The results of NZEB approach are compared to LEED platinum requirements, based on Rol （return on investment） and PV panel＇s efficiency for this specific educational building.
