广义道路的同构因子分解

研究广义道路可以分解为同构因子的充分必要条件 .通过分解图的边集构造同构因子 ,证明对任意一个正整数 t,广义道路可以分解为 t个同构因子的充分必要条件是

广义奇圈的同构因子分解

广义圈是一个简单图G =(V ,E) ,其中点集V =V0 ∪…∪Vn - 1 ,|V0 | =… |Vn - 1 | ,边集Euν|u∈Vi,ν∈Vi + 1 ,i=0 ,…n -1,i+ 1=mod(n) .

The Integrable Conditions of Riccati Differential Equation

In this paper,the new integrable conditions of Riccati equation is presented by invarant of Riccati equation.

Conditional Similarity Solutions of （2＋1）—Dimensional General nonintegrable KdV Equation

The real physics models are usually quite complex with some arbitrary parameters which will lead to the nonintegrability of the model. To find some exact solutions of a nonintegrable model with some arbitrary parameters is much more difficult than to find the solutions of a model with some special parameters. In this paper, we make a modification for the usual direct method to find some conditional similarity solutions of a (2+1)-dimensional general nonintegrable KdV equation.

The Spike-Type Solution of Second-Order Semilinear Differential Equation with Integral Boundary Conditions

A singularly perturbed second-order semilinear differential equation with integral boundary conditions is considered. By the method of boundary functions, the conditions under which there exists an internal transition layer for the original problem are established. The existence of spike-type solution is obtained by smoothly connecting the solutions of left and right associated problems, and the asymptotic expansion of the spike-type solution is also presented.

An implicit symmetry constraint of the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation

In this paper, an implicit symmetry constraint is calculated and its associated binary nonlinearization of the Lax pairs and the adjoint Lax pairs is carried out for the modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation. After introducing two new inde-pendent variables, we find that under the implicit symmetry constraint, the spatial part and the temporal part of the mKdV equation are decomposed into two finite-dimensional systems. Furthermore we prove that the obtained finite-dimensional systems are Hamiltonian systems and completely integrable in the Liouville sense.

Some Sufficient Conditions of a Solvable Group

A subgroup H of a group G is called semipermutable if it is permutable with every subgroup K of G with （｜H｜, ｜K｜） = 1, and s-semipermutable if it is permutable with every Sylow p-subgroup of G with （p, ｜H｜） = 1. In this paper, some sufficient conditions for a group to be solvable are obtained in terms of s-semipermutability.

Scalable Arbitrated Quantum Signature of Classical Messages with Multi-Signers

Unconditionally secure signature is an important part of quantum cryptography. Usually, a signature scheme only provides an environment for a single signer. Nevertheless, in real applications, many signers may collaboratively send a message to the verifier and convince the verifier that the message is actually transmitted by them. In this paper, we give a scalable arbitrated signature protocol of classical proved to be secure even with a compromised arbitrator. messages with multi-signers. Its security is analyzed and proved to be secure even with a compromised arbitrator.

Similarity Solutions for Generalized Variable Coefficients Zakharov-Kuznetsov Equation under Some Integrability Conditions

In this paper, the symmetry method has been carried over to the generalized variable coefficients Zakharov- Kuznetsov equation. The infinitesimal symmetries and the optimal system are deduced and from this optimal system seven basic fields are determined, and for every vector field in the optimal system the admissible forms of the coefficients are found and this also leads us to transform the given equation into partial differential equations in two variables. After using some referenced transformations the mentioned partial differential equations eventually reduce to ordinary differential equations. The search for solutions to those equations has yielded many exact solutions in most cases.

α-Resolvable Cycle Systems for Cycle Length 4

An m-cycle system of order v and index λ, denoted by m-CS(v,λ), is a collection of cycles of length m whose edges partition the edges of λKv. An m-CS(v,λ) is α-resolvable if its cycles can be partitioned into classes such that each point of the design occurs in precisely α cycles in each class. The necessary conditions for the existence of such a design are m|λv(v-1)/2,2|λ(v -1),m|αv,α|λ(v-1)/2. It is shown in this paper that these conditions are also sufficient when m = 4.

A class of irreducible modules for the extended affne Lie algebra ■

We construct a class of modules for extended affine Lie algebra gl l（Cq） by using the free fields. A necessary and sufficient condition is given for those modules being irreducible.

REACHABILITY/CONTROLLABILITY OF HIGH ORDER MIX-VALUED LOGICAL NETWORKS

This paper addresses the teachability/controllability of high order mix-valued logical control networks by using the semi-tensor product method, and presents some necessary and sufficient conditions for the reachability/controllability. The high order mix-valued logical network is converted into an algebraic form first, baaed on which the reachability/controllability of the system is then investigated, and several necessary and sufficient conditions are established. The study of several illustrative examples shows that our new method is very effective in dealing with the reachability/controllability of high order mix-valued logical control networks.

The stationarity and invertibility of a class of nonlinear ARMA models

We investigate some probabilistic properties of a new class of nonlinear time series models. A sufficient condition for the existence of a unique causal, strictly and weakly stationary solution is derived. To understand the proposed models better, we further discuss the moment structure and obtain some Yule-Walker difference equations for the second and third order cumulants, which can also be used for identification purpose. A sufficient condition for invertibility is also provided.

L^2-Algebraic Decay Rate for Transient Birth-Death Processes

This paper is a continuation of the study of the algebraic speed for Markov processes. The authors concentrate on algebraic decay rate for the transient birth-death processes. According to the classification of the boundaries, a series of the sufficient conditions for algebraic decay is presented. To illustrate the power of the results, some examples are included.

Similarity invariants of operators on a class of Gowers-Maurey spaces

This paper studies the similarity invariants of operators on a class of Gowers-Maurey spaces, ∑dc spaces, where an infinite dimensional Banach space X is called a ∑dc space if for every bounded linear operator on X the spectrum is disconnected unless it is a singleton. It shows that two strongly irreducible operators T1 and T2 on a ∑dc space are similar if and only if theK0-group of the commutant algebra of the direct sum T1 GT2 is isomorphic to the group of integers Z. On a ∑dc space X, it uses the semigroups of the commutant algebras of operators to give a condition that an operator is similar to some operator in （∑SI）（X）, it further gives a necessary and sufficient condition that two operators in （∑SI）（X） are similar by using the ordered K0-groups. It also proves that every operator in （∑SI）（X） has a unique （SI） decomposition up to similarity on a ∑dc space X, where （∑SI）（X） denotes the class of operators which can be written as a direct sum of finitely many strongly irreducible operators.

Weierstrass Representation for Surfaces in the Three-Dimensional Heisenberg Group

The authors define the Gauss map of surfaces in the three-dimensional Heisenberg group and give a representation formula for surfaces of prescribed mean curvature.Furthermore,a second order partial differential equation for the Gauss map is obtained,and it is shown that this equation is the complete integrability condition of the representation.

Theory of optimal harvesting for a nonlinear size-structured population in periodic environments

This paper investigates the theoretical aspects for an optimal harvesting problem of a nonlinear size-structured population model in a periodic environment. We establish the well-posedness of the state system by means of frozen coefficients and fixed point reasoning. The existence of a unique optimal policy is proved via Ekeland＇s variational principle, and the first-order optimality conditions are derived by a suitable normM cone and a dual system. The results obtained would be beneficial for exploration of renewable

Darboux integrability and algebraic limit cycles for a class of polynomial differential systems

This paper deals with the existence of Darboux first integrals for the planar polynomial differential systems x=x-y+P n+1(x,y)+xF2n(x,y),y=x+y+Q n+1(x,y)+yF2n(x,y),where P i(x,y),Q i(x,y)and F i(x,y)are homogeneous polynomials of degree i.Within this class,we identify some new Darboux integrable systems having either a focus or a center at the origin.For such Darboux integrable systems having degrees 5and 9 we give the explicit expressions of their algebraic limit cycles.For the systems having degrees 3,5,7 and 9and restricted to a certain subclass we present necessary and sufficient conditions for being Darboux integrable.