基于可培和免培法探究大曲生产环境空气微生物群落结构的时空性特征

分别应用可培和免培方法研究同企业使用2年和25年的新老曲厂空气中的微生物群落结构和多样性随季节的变化规律。结果表明,季节间的差异显著,可培和免培的结果分别是春季的菌群数量和α-多样性最高,且都随季节先增加后减少。可培方法获得301株分离株,所属类别与免培的结果大体一致,细菌菌群由Acfinobacteria等5个门构成,主要是Pseudomonas、Staphylococcus、Bacillus等,真菌群则是Ascomycota等3个门构成,Phialemoniopsis和Aspergillus等是优势属。空气中Proteobacteria的Pseudomonas等8个细菌属及Ascomycota的Saccharomycopsis等10个真菌属可能是大曲优势菌的来源。使用25年设施环境空气中的物种数量及多样性更丰富和稳定。相关性分析结果表明,环境的温度、湿度是影响物种数量的关键因素,空气污染程度等可能导致群落结构不稳定。这些结果揭示了制曲小生境群落的时空性特征,为探讨大曲与环境微生物的相互关系及溯源性研究奠定了方法学基础。

The Directional Breeding and Feasibility of Functional Bamboos

The functional bamboos are defined as the ones artificially selected, cultivated and produced in the special functions. Based on the principles to broaden market and maximize benefits, the directional cultivation of the functional bamboos has effectively been used bio-techniques and directionally to breed and cultivate bamboo cultivars to meet human＇s needs. The functional bamboos should feature stability, excellent quality and convenient production as well as easy duplication. The functional bamboo cultivars should also enhance the scientization, standardization industrialization and mass production. Given no negative environmental impact, ou purpose is to select, cultivate and develop one or more functional bamboos cultivars to meet the consumers＇ material and spiritual needs and bring more economic ben efits for the producers. The authors believe that directionally breeding functiona bamboo cultivars is not only feasible in techniques, resources and policies, but also in economy and market development. This implicates great significance for the green economic development given the features of China＇s natural resources.

Microbial Community Characteristics in a Degraded Wetland of the Yellow River Delta

Five different sites with a soluble salt gradient of 3.0-17.7 g kg^-1 dry soil from the coast to the inland were selected, and the microbial population size, activity and diversity in the rhizospheres of five common plant species and the adjacent bulk soils （non-rhizosphere） were compared in a degraded wetland of the Yellow River Delta, Shandong Province, China to study the effects of soil environment （salinity, seasonality, depth, and rhizosphere） on microbial communities and the wetland＇s ecological function, thus providing basic data for the bioremediation of degraded wetlands. There was a significant negative linear relationship between the salinity and the total number of microorganisms, overall microbial activity, or culturable microbial diversity. Salinity adversely affected the microbial community, and higher salinity levels resulted in smaller and less active microbial communities. Seasonal changes were observed in microbial activity but did not occur in the size and diversity. The microbial size, activity and diversity decreased with increasing soil depth. The size, activity and diversity of culturable microorganisms increased in the rhizospheres. All rhizospheres had positive effects on the microbial communities, and common seepweed had the highest rhizosphere effect. Three halophilic bacteria （Pseudomonas mendocina, Burkholderia glumae, and Acinetobacter johnsonii） were separated through BIOLOG identification, and common seepweed could be recommended for bioremediation of degraded wetlands in the Yellow River Delta.

The Viable but Non-culturable State in Xanthomonas citri subsp, citri is a Reversible State Induced by Low Nutrient Availability and Copper Stress Conditions

Xcc （Xanthomonas citri subsp, citri） causes citrus bacterial canker, a leaf, stem and fruit spotting disease that affects most commercial citrus species and cultivars. Copper compounds, widely used for management of this pathogen, have been reported as inducers of a VBNC （viable but non-culturable state） in plant pathogenic bacteria. VBNC may be considered as a state preceding bacterial death or as a survival mechanism under adverse conditions. Several experiments were performed to characterize the reversibility and persistence of the VBNC state in Xcc. VBNC was induced in low nutrient medium or with amendment of copper at concentrations used for field disease control. The VBNC condition was demonstrated to persist up to 150 days after copper treatment and was reversed after the addition of culture media without copper or amendment with citrus leaf extract. Xcc viability was evaluated by recovery of colonies on culture media, confirmed by membrane integrity, respiratory activity and by real-time RT-PCR targeting a sequence from the gumD gene. Besides, the colonies recovered were pathogenic on citrus leaves. These results confirm that the VBNC state in Xcc is inducible and reversible and therefore may occur in the phyllosphere when Xcc is under copper stress or starvation.

Energy Certification of Buildings Training of Experts

According to the Action plan of the Ministry of Environmental Protection, Physical Planning and Construction, the engagement of the implementation of the Directive 2002/91/EC to the Croatian legislation has to be completed in 2009. The final goal of the Directive is the achievement of energy efficiency in buildings, with emphasis on design of building and building elements, heating and cooling systems and use of renewable energy sources. The presentation of energy performances of the building should be visible in energy label that will classify the building in comparison to energy consumption and must be submitted while buying, selling or renting the building. For the realization of energy certification of the building it is required to provide training for wide number of experts. The production of professional basis is ongoing, where besides the building classification and modification or production of correspondingly technical regulations, are determining the conditions and standards for persons who should provide the certification, as well the method of providing.

Feasibility of College Japanese Major and Japanese Joint Training Projects

In recent years, university exchanges between China and Japan is more active, we can see that in the joint efforts of China and Japan, the scale of cooperation is expanding, understanding and friendship between the young people are gradually deepened. The long- term stability of University conducted exchanges and cooperation in education with Japan is the concrete manifestation of China＇ s opening-up. Therefore, what＇ s the meaning of joint training of undergraduate education in universities？ This paper studies on ＂2 ＋ 2＂ program between our college and the west of the international University of Japan. We analysis the favorable and unfavorable factors in joint training programs, clarify the necessity and feasibility of acting joint training programs, and provide some reference for the development of our joint training program.

Mechanism of induction apoptosis of Onychin in ovarian cells in vitro

Objective： The aim of the study was to investigate the possible mechanism of induction apoptosis of Onychin （ONY） in ovarian cancer HO-8910 cells in vitro. Methods： Human ovarian cancer HO-8910 cells were cultured in vitro. Inhibi- tory effect of ONY on the viability of HO-8910 cells was evaluated by the MTT assay. Apoptosis of HO-8910 cells treated with different concentrations of ONY for 48 h was detected by FCM. Expression of proteins related to apoptosis was analyzed by Western blot. Results： ONY significantly inhibited the viability of human ovarian cancer HO-8910 cells in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner, and the ICso was 10.48 pg/mL for 48 h. The cells treated with ONY showed typical morphological change of apoptosis and increased cells of sub-G1 population by FCM in a dose-dependent. Western blot showed that ex- pression of Bax, cytochrome C, caspase-9 and caspase-3 proteins were upregulated and protein level of Bcl-2 was depressed after treatment with ONY in a concentration dependent. Conclusion： Apoptosis of ovarian cancer HO-8910 cells was induced by ONY through mitochondrial apoptosis pathway in vitro.

Dimensions and Approaches of University Development Under the Guidance of the Scientific Outlook on Development

This study analyzed the performance of university development which deviated from the scientific outlook on development, then elaborated four dimensions of sustainable development in universities including the cultural perspective dimension of people-oriented, the qualitative perspective dimension of personnel training, the innovative perspective dimension of academic research, and the strategic perspective dimension of scientific development. Finally, this article analyzed the scientific development approaches on coordinating the university extensive expansion and content development, special development and overall development, teaching and research as well as interests of current and long-term development were proposed.

Assessment of Variabilities in Wheat Genotypes to Yellow and or Strip Rust, Puccinia striiformis in Glass House Conditions

Yellow/stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis is a major problem in the Middle East specially Iran. Virulence survey of cereal rust fungi have traditionally used differential host genotype and virulent physiologic race 134 E 134 AT was received to evaluate the segregating lines. A set of 35 segregating lines and three additional susceptible cultivars were added, making a total of 38 eultivars-lines. Spreader plants served as a source of inoculums. The plants were evaluated after two months based on infection percentage and the disease scoring scales. The results indicated that, there are significant changes in susceptibility assessments of the segregating lines in contrast to cultivated varieties to the yellow rust P. striiformis as far as the disease incidence and rust development is concerned in these experiments. The selected differential genotypes associated with various levels of resistance. The infection percentages were varied on the lines and the varieties, whereas the severity percentages were entirely different. The lowest severity is of line 38 with 34.70% and the highest in line 1 with 93.49% indicating 2.7 folds reduction in severity. For discrimination among the lines, the results on scoring scales gave distinctions of five classes of resistance, in which, the highest score is 29.93 and the lowest one 11.46. The cluster analysis showed almost similar results and confirmed, the analysis by Duncan＇s Multiple-lest rang as the above five distinctive groups.

Advanced Control System Development on the Basis of Festo Training Laboratory ＂Compact Workstation＂

This article describes the development of automatic control system on the basis of Festo ＂Compact Workstation＂ training stand. Such control systems are used in different branches of industry and infrastructure including oil industry, chemical industry, water treatment, canalization and others. The stand allows realizing level, flow, pressure and temperature control systems, using pump, valves, discrete and analog sensors. Level control system is described in this work. PID （proportional integral derivative） controllers are used in these systems. Control is switched on and off and the parameters of control systems are changed by means of SCADA （supervisory control and data acquisition） system. During real technological processes, these actions are performed by the operator. The algorithm of the control system is realized using PLC （programmable logic controller）. At the end of the article conclusions about the research are drawn.

Fruit development rule of two Chinensis Actinidia cultivars ‘Fengyue’and ‘Cuiyu’

The fruit development rules of two Chinensis Actinidia cultivars were studied in this paper. ‘Fengyue’has the same fruit development cycle as‘Cuiyu’. According to soluble solids content, there are four stages during fruit development phase named comparatively stable period, slow increase period, rapid increase period and stagnating increase period. Fruit firmness change exhibits two periods, i.e. slowly declining period and rapidly declining period. There is an obvious corresponding relation between the changes of fruit firmness and the soluble solids content, i.e. the rapidly declining time of fruit firmness corresponds with the rapidly increasing time of soluble solids content. According to the experiment, the best picking periods of ‘Fengyue’and ‘Cuiyu’are mid September to mid October and early October to early November, respectively.

New employees orientation of Coca-Cola

New employee training is process that a hired employees who is an outsider translate into insider of the enterprise, the on-the-job training for new stafftraining have to cultivate the sense of belonging and loyalty in the leading position. Entering the new environment, they will face a lot of＂new＂, new employee orientation is of a kind of effective means to help them to adapt to the working environment faster. Main content of this article is based on the understanding of the Coca-Cola company human resources management present situation, and then to understand the Coca-Cola company how to make a careful analysis of the new staff training, studying the Coca-Cola company for new employees training process and training effect, and finding the problems of small and medium-sized enterprise, then putting forward reasonable suggestions.

Study on the Applied Talents Training in Local Colleges

It is the inevitable requirement to emphasize applied talents training in modem society when the economy and society are under rapid development, during which the local colleges are obliged to undertake this significant responsibility. Taking the training of applied talents as the core during the teaching and education is the important step taken by local colleges in Jilin to adapt to the social demands. The quality of the talents would directly influence the contributions made to the society by local colleges and its own sustainable development. Nowadays, the local colleges in Jilin should reinforce their efforts in the training of applied talents and deepen the reform comprehensively from the educational concepts, training programs and teaching courses so as to effectively realize the teaching objectives of the training on applied talents.

Functioning Hydraulic and Morphological Sustainability of River Training Works in Bangladesh

River dynamics play the most vital role in the socio-economic of the country. These rivers are highly dynamic in nature which causes extensive riverbank erosion. Active river bank erosion and bed scouring, is apprehended to change the scenario, leading to loss of limited valuable land of Bangladesh. River training is being practiced in Bangladesh since 1960s but the process is very expensive especially in the Ganges and the Jamuna Rivers. Five types of river training works were selected at different reaches. Hydro-morphological characteristics of the major rivers are being evaluated not only in engineering concepts but also in socio-economic and environmental aspects. PRA （participatory rural appraisal） tools were applied to evaluate protection safety, hydraulic and hydrological connectivity, ecological and environmental characteristics, causes of failure and social acceptability. This comparative study is being carried out for closing the gap between the modem river training works and in country experience through adaptation of research findings with a view to effectively arresting river bank erosion. Sirajganj Hardpoint, Chandpur Town Protection work and Nakalia Revetment are found to be suitable and effective. A technically suitable structure may not have good social acceptance without IWRM （integrated water resource management）.

The Situation and Development Strategy Research for Reserve Athletes in Ordinary Universities

With transformation of Chinese sports talents cultivation mode, sports team construction at high level in universities has made great achievements. Especially establishing reserves in key universities is the key step of new mode, which is the primary mode of sports team at high level in ordinary universities. To research the situation of key sports team construction at high level, from the degree of competitive sports sustainable development, we research and analyze the cultivation mode of Chinese sports talents and influence factors, aiming at building a talents cultivation mode suitable for Chinese professional competitive sports development and exploring the sustainable way for athletes sports in theory.

ON THE TEACHABILITY OF LEARNER STRATEGIES IN ELT

Learner strategies are of crucial importance in ESL/EFL learning and teaching. The importance lies to the fact that learners are encouraged to become autonomous language learners by self-evaluating their learning and self-directing the process of language development. More effective learners differ from less effective ones in that they use more strategies and in greater variety. Research shows that learner strategies can be taught and can facilitate language learning if a number of factors, such as the explicitness of the strategy instruction, the individual differences of the learners, the appropriateness of the teaching materials, the teacher training on the strategy instruction etc. should be taken into consideration.