Multiple attribute decision making method based on trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variables

The problem of multiple attribute decision making under fuzzy linguistic environments, in which decision makers can only provide their preferences （attribute values）in the form of trapezoid fuzzy linguistic variables（TFLV）, is studied. The formula of the degree of possibility between two TFLVs is defined, and some of its characteristics are studied. Based on the degree of possibility of fuzzy linguistic variables, an approach to ranking the decision alternatives in multiple attribute decision making with TFLV is developed. The trapezoid fuzzy linguistic weighted averaging （TFLWA） operator method is utilized to aggregate the decision information, and then all the alternatives are ranked by comparing the degree of possibility of TFLV. The method can carry out linguistic computation processes easily without loss of linguistic information, and thus makes the decision results reasonable and effective. Finally, the implementation process of the proposed method is illustrated and analyzed by a practical example.

认知语法视角下名词的可数性分析

传统语言学家认为名词在概念上是不可定义的,并将其简单分为可数与不可数。而认知语言学家认为,人们对名词可数性的分类并不是毫无根据的,而是有着一定的内部动机,并从"界态"和"质态"角度对名词的可数性进行了解释。人们对同一个客观事物通过不同的认知角度和识解途径,加上文化习俗的影响,产生不同的认知结果,名词亦是如此。

Genetic Relationships Among Soluble Carbohydrates, Anthocyanins and Growth Characteristics in Leymus (Gramineae) Detected with Molecular Markers

Low-temperature soluble carbohydrate accumulations are commonly associated with anthocyanin coloration, attenuated growth and cold adaptation of cool-season grasses. The vrn-1 gene has potent effects on vernalization requirement, growth, and soluble carbohydrate accumulations of the winter-annual Triticeae species. Two hundred and four unmapped AFLP markers and genome-specific DNA markers genetically linked to the vrn-1 gene were used to detect QTL controlling soluble carbohydrate accumulations, anthocyanin coloration and growth characteristics in a segregating population derived from open pollinated Leymus cinereus x L. triticoides hybrids. These perennial Triticeae grasses are distinguished by adaptation and growth habit. As expected, positive trait correlations and pleiotropic gene effects were detected for soluble carbohydrate accumulations and anthocyanin coloration. Likewise, positive trait correlations and pleiotropic gene effects were detected for tillering, leaf development, leaf growth, regrowth and rhizome spread. However, soluble carbohydrate accumulations were not associated with attenuated growth. In fact, several DNA marker alleles, including one near vrn-Ns1, had positive effects on soluble leaf carbohydrate concentrations and low temperature growth. The corresponding DNA marker near vrn-Ns1 had more specific effects on tillering. We speculate that vrn-1 exerts quantitative effects on low-temperature soluble leaf carbohydrate accumulations and growth habit of the perennial Leymus. However, a number of other DNA markers displayed highly significant effects on soluble carbohydrate accumulations and various growth characteristics. Findings indicate that anthocyanin coloration may be a useful phenotypic marker for soluble carbohydrate accumulation. Although variation for soluble carbohydrates was not associated with attenuated growth in this population, this trait was under genetic control.

曲面片可展性能的研究

本文通过对曲面片近似展开误差的分析研究,提出了曲面片可展度的概念,且在理论上对其进行了推导,并对其工程应用作了较为详细的叙述。

Context-attributed graph grammar framework for specifying visual languages

Since the specifications of most of the existing context-sensitive graph grammars tend to be either too intricate or not intuitive, a novel context-sensitive graph grammar formalism, called context-attributed graph grammar（CAGG）, is proposed. In order to resolve the embedding problem, context information of a graph production in the CAGG is represented in the form of context attributes of the nodes involved. Moreover, several properties of a set of confluent CAGG productions are characterized, and then an algorithm based on them is developed to decide whether or not a set of productions is confluent, which provides the foundation for the design of efficient parsing algorithms. It can also be shown through the comparison of CAGG with several typical context-sensitive graph grammars that CAGG is more succinct and, at the same time, more intuitive than the others, making it more suitably and effortlessly applicable to the specification of visual languages.

Bioaccessibility of Vanadium from Soil and Mineral Measured by in vitro Model

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the existing forms and bioaccessibility of vanadium（V） from soil and mineral of Panzhihua region.[Method] The representative Xigeda soil and vanadium-titanium magnetite were collected from Panzhihua region to determine the existing forms of vanadium from soil and mineral;in vitro bionic digestion model was established to measure the bioaccessibility of vanadium.[Result] The dissolved concentrations of vanadium from farmland,mining area and vanadium-titanium magnetite in gastric juice were respectively 5.02,9.50 and 3.88 mg/kg,and the bioaccessibility ranged from 0.09% to 3.00%;the dissolved concentrations of vanadium in intestinal juice were respectively 2.98,5.43 and 4.49 mg/kg,and the bioaccessibility ranged from 0.10% to 1.78%.The content of vanadium in various existing forms varied significantly,the contents of vanadium in non-specific adsorption state and specific adsorption state were low,but residual content was completely high,which accounted for 75.06%,95.32% and 86.27% of the total content of vanadium in samples.[Conclusion] Bioaccessibility of dissolved vanadium in gastric juice was higher than that in small intestinal juice.Vanadium from soil and mineral was difficult to generate morphological transformation and migration,which was the main reason for low bioaccessibility.

Predictive factors for the failure of endoscopic stent-instent self-expandable metallic stent placement to treat malignant hilar biliary obstruction

AIM To investigate the factors predictive of failure when placing a second biliary self-expandable metallic stents(SEMSs). METHODS This study evaluated 65 patients with an unresectable malignant hilar biliary obstruction who were examined in our hospital. Sixty-two of these patients were recruited to the study and divided into two groups: the success group, which consisted of patients in whom a stent-in-stent SEMS had been placed successfully, and the failure group, which consisted of patients in whom the stent-in-stent SEMS had not been placed successfully. We compared the characteristics of the patients, the stricture state of their biliary ducts, and the implemented endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) procedures between the two groups.RESULTS The angle between the target biliary duct stricture and the first implanted SEMS was significantly larger in the failure group than in the success group. There were significantly fewer wire or dilation devices(ERCP catheter, dilator, or balloon catheter) passing the first SEMS cell in the failure group than in the success group. The cut-off value of the angle predicting stent-in-stent SEMS placement failure was 49.7 degrees according to the ROC curve(sensitivity 91.7%, specificity 61.2%). Furthermore, the angle was significantly smaller in patients with wire or dilation devices passing the first SEMS cell than in patients without wire or dilation devices passing the first SEMS cell. CONCLUSION A large angle was identified as a predictive factor for failure of stent-in-stent SEMS placement.

Safety and efficacy of self-expandable metallic stents in malignant small bowel obstructions

In this report, we present 3 cases of malignant small bowel obstruction, treated with palliative care using endoscopic self-expandable metallic stent(SEMS) placement, with the aim to identify the safety and efficacy of this procedure. Baseline patient characteristics, procedure methods, procedure time, technical and clinical success rates, complications, and patient outcomes were obtained. All 3 patients had pancreatic cancer with small bowel strictures. One patient received the SEMS using colonoscopy, while the other 2 patients received SEMS placement via double balloon endoscopy using the through-the-overtube technique. The median procedure time was 104 min. The technical and clinical success rates were 100%. Post-treatment, obstructive symptoms in all patients improved, and a low-residue diet could be tolerated. All stents remained within the patients until their deaths. The median overall survival time(stent patency time) was 76 d. SEMS placement is safe and effective as a palliative treatment for malignant small bowel obstruction.

Ischemic or toxic injury: A challenging diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced stenosis of the sigmoid colon

A 48-year-old woman was admitted with 15-mo history of abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia, and 5-mo history of defecation difficulty. She had been successively admitted to nine hospitals, with an initial diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease with stenotic sigmoid colon. Findings from computed tomography virtual colonoscopy, radiography with meglumine diatrizoate, endoscopic balloon dilatation, metallic stent implantation and later overall colonoscopy, coupled with the newfound knowledge of compound Qingdai pill-taking, led to a subsequent diagnosis of ischemic or toxic bowel disease with sigmoid colon stenosis. The patient was successfully treated by laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy, and postoperative pathological examination revealed ischemic or toxic injury of the sigmoid colon, providing a final diagnosis of druginduced sigmoid colon stenosis. This case highlights that adequate awareness of drug-induced colon stenosis has a decisive role in avoiding misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The diagnostic and therapeutic experiences learnt from this case suggest that endoscopic balloon expansion and colonic metallic stent implantation as bridge treatments were demonstrated as crucial for the differential diagnosis of benign colonic stenosis. Skillful surgical technique and appropriate perioperative management helped to ensure the safety of our patient in subsequent surgery after long-term use of glucocorticoids.

Prophylactic stenting for esophageal stricture prevention after endoscopic submucosal dissection

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of superficial esophageal cancer has been increasingly used as an alternative to surgery because it is minimally invasiveand has a high rate of en bloc resection. However, a high rate of esophageal stricture is observed after ESD for large lesions, which can dramatically decrease the patient's quality of life. Stricture prevention is necessary to allow for endoscopic therapy to expand. We, herein, review the most recent evidence and discuss the role of the metallic self-expandable stent and the biodegradable stent in esophageal stricture prevention. Limited studies suggested that prophylactic stenting could reduce the stricture rate without increasing the number of complications. In addition, the number of bougie dilation procedures was significantly lower with stent placement. Esophageal stenting is a promising option for post-ESD stricture prevention. However, current evidence is too preliminary to formulate practice standards. Future studies are needed to further validate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic stenting and determine the best strategy for stricture prevention. Stent migration is the most common complication. A new stent that has advantages of a low migration rate and minimal tissue reaction will need to be developed. Therefore, randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up periods are required before prophylactic stenting could be considered a valid option to prevent post-ESD stricture.

Experimental and numerical studies on aluminum-stainless steel explosive cladding

In this study,the effect of varied loading ratio(mass of the explosive/mass of flyer plate)on the nature of interface,temperature and pressure developed in aluminum-steel explosive cladding is presented.Increase in the loading ratio,R,enhances the pressure developed,kinetic energy utilization and deformation work performed.Interfacial microstructures exhibit the formation of molten layer at few spots,owing to the increase in temperature beyond the melting point of parent alloy.The increase in temperature and the quantum of pressure developed were determined by numerical simulation performed in Ansys AUTODYN by employing smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method.The positioning of the experimental conditions on the weldability window is presented as well.

Antioxidant activity of phytosynthesized biomatrix-loaded noble metallic nanoparticles

Biofabrication of noble monometallic platinum nanoparticles(Pt-NPs) and bimetallic gold–silver nanoparticles(Au Ag-NPs) using aqueous extract of Delonix regia is presented here. Antioxidant activity of biomatrix-loaded metallic nanoparticles is estimated for scavenging of two model radicals i.e., 2,2′-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt and 1,1′-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. Broad spectral continuum spanning from visible to ultra-violet region(Pt-NPs: 30 min) and broad high intensity absorption peak around at 500 nm(Au Ag-NPs: 10 min) in two different UV–Visible spectra confirmed the biofabrication. Nanoparticles fabricated with distorted spherical shape and crystalline face-centred-cubic geometry. Strong signal around at 2.10 ke V(pure-phase platinum) and typical X-ray peaks observed at 2.20 and 3 ke V suggested, co-existence and alloying interaction of Au and Ag in Au Ag-NPs. ζ potential(-15.2 mV: Pt-NPs and -13.9 mV: Au Ag-NPs) values suggested surface adsorption of polyphenolic compounds to provide stability. Nanoparticles exhibited pronounced antioxidant activity against free radicals through their electron/hydrogen transfer ability.

Reliability analysis of an associated system

Based on engineering reliability of large complex system and distinct characteristic of soft system, some new conception and theory on the medium elements and the associated system are created. At the same time, the reliability logic model of associated system is provided. In this paper, through the field investigation of the trial operation, the engineering reliability of the paste fill system in No 2 mine of Jinchuan Non ferrous Metallic Corporation is analyzed by using the theory of associated system.

Study on full-length recoverable resin-metal bolts

The paper introduces a kind of full length recoverable resin metal bolts, expounds its structural principle and stress features, and gives some instances in laboratory tests and underground tests. The results show that full length recoverable resin metal bolts can be used for supporting the walls of class Ⅰ～Ⅲ mining gateways, that the anchoring force is 50 kN or so, and that the recoverability rate is more than 80%, thus the supporting effect is better than that of split set bolts.

Housing Policy in Khartoum： Plot Subdivision for Increased Housing Supply for Low-income People

The article discusses plot size standards applied in the government sites-and-services projects in Khartoum and probes into the possible alternative ways of re-establishing solid grounds for those standards. The particular issue of plot size is a crucial factor in the whole housing policy as it directly affects the urban land use and consumption and extends its influence far into sustainability and affordability issues and the whole housing policy and supply process. The article, analysing the applied standards, argues that plot subdivision can substantially contribute to providing more access of housing to the low-income groups. Large plot sizes can be subdivided driven by the need to realize security of tenure, doubling the owner-occupier housing stock which is the base issue of self-help housing, increases housing finance, provides variety of housing choices and behind all it conforms to the legacy principles and some cultural attributes of the local community. The article underlined existence of a cumbersome regulatory system, subdivision procedures and development controls which need to be reformed.

Research and implementation on multi-dimension trust evaluation method with web service

Integrating with practical e-commerce application, this paper introduces a novel multi-dimension evaluation method to depict and calculate the trust values. The multi-dimension evaluation metrics include functional and nonfunctional properties and corresponding weights. The continuous measurement values and the Markov chain mechanism are adopted to compute the trust value and detect the malicious behaviors. The current evaluation has larger influence factor on the next transaction behavior. A trust model is implemented with web service which consists of publication, filtrating, calculating and storage center. It is easily extended and the user only defines each property and its weights according to specific requirements, then the trust values are got. In order to conveniently manage and avoid the dead-lock, some constraint rules are proposed. The results show that the method based on multi-dimension can reflect objectively the dynamic change of trust values.

Dynamic metal patterns of wrinkles based on photosensitive layers

Regulating metal surfaces with micro-/nanoscale structures is of great significance for both material science and potential applications.However,the intrinsic properties of metals,such as fixed isotropic moduli and inflexible structures,in a sense present major limitations in developing next-generation smart patterned surfaces.In this work,a facile and general patterning strategy is proposed to endow insensitive metal surfaces with controllable spontaneous topologies and dynamic performance by exquisitely introducing an essential photosensitive interlayer.The arresting anthracene-containing photocrosslinking interlayer can selectively predetermine the anisotropic property of compliant bilayers without damaging metals’homogeneous properties,and realize a changeable stiff/soft layer.Furthermore,the mechanical transition mechanism of the self-adaptive wrinkling modes in metalbased trilayer systems is revealed to pave the pathway for regulating functional wrinkled metal surfaces.This photodriven metal patterning strategy can promote the development of brand-new methods for tuning the instability of multilayered materials,and be potentially applied in smart optical devices with dynamic reflectance,including light gratings and"magic"mirrors.

Extending attributes page:a scheme for enhancing the reliability of storage system metadata

In an object-based storage system,a novel scheme named EAP(extending attributes page) is presented to enhance the metadata reliability of the system by adding the user object file information attributes page for each user object and storing the file-related attributes of each user object in object-based storage devices.The EAP scheme requires no additional hardware equipments compared to a general method which uses backup metadata servers to improve the metadata reliability.Leveraging a Markov chain,this paper compares the metadata reliability of the system using the EAP scheme with that using only metadata servers to offer the file metadata service.Our results demonstrate that the EAP scheme can dramatically enhance the reliability of storage system metadata.

A thermally tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber

A thermally tunable terahertz metamaterial absorber(MA) with InS b embedded in a metal-dielectric-metal structure is proposed. The transmission and tuning properties of the proposed metamaterial absorber are analyzed for the temperature ranging from 160 K to 350 K. The simulated results show that the maximum absorption of the absorber is nearly 99.8% at a full-width at half-maximum(FWHM) of 38 GHz, and the absorption frequency can be dynamically tuned from 0.82 THz to 1.02 THz.

A water-stable metal-organic framework： serving as a chemical sensor of PO43– and a catalyst for CO2 conversion

A new 2D Eu-BTB framework(1) with stratified gridding structure of about 14.6×16.9was synthesized and characterized.Compound 1 displays excellent water stability with the pH 2–12. The luminescent investigations suggest that 1 could represent a chemical sensor of PO43. with high sensitivity and selectivity. Importantly, 1 as a sensor of PO_4^(3-) can be reused at least five times.On the other hand, the catalytic investigations of 1 were carried out, indicating that 1 could be demonstrated as a recyclable catalyst for CO_2 conversion with epoxides.