This paper presented a game theoretic model to study the competition for a single investment oppertunity under uncertainty. It models the hazard rate of investment as a function of competitors' trigger level. Unde...This paper presented a game theoretic model to study the competition for a single investment oppertunity under uncertainty. It models the hazard rate of investment as a function of competitors' trigger level. Under uncertainty and different information structure, the option and game theory was applied to researching the optimal Nash equilibrium strategies of one or more firm. By means of Matlab software, the paper simulates a real estate developing project example and illustrates how parameter affects investment strategies. The paper's work will contribute to the present investment practice in China.展开更多
Since the recent crack down on pyramid and ponzi schemes, there have been attempts by unscrupulous persons to devise alternative means of attracting unsuspecting persons willing to do legitimate businesses for financi...Since the recent crack down on pyramid and ponzi schemes, there have been attempts by unscrupulous persons to devise alternative means of attracting unsuspecting persons willing to do legitimate businesses for financial gains. The Caribbean Policy Research Institute [CAPRIl] （2008） in its report titled ＂Investigating Informal Investment Schemes in Jamaica＂ stated in its analysis of the characteristics of multilevel, pyramid, and ponzi schemes that despite the heterogeneity in the structure of these organizations, they all involve large numbers of small investors who are often lured into participating in a wide range of investment activities or financial hedging through the administration of a central unit. These schemes rely predominantly on new customers/clients to fund payments to existing customers. The need for a consistent supply of new recruits for sustainability and perceived growth is paramount. Based on the CAPRI report, pyramid schemes are unsustainable investment ploys that always fail to meet the expectations of over 90% of its investors with very little emphasis on profit-making ventures or products. This paper will examine the similarity between the recently foiled financial pyramid schemes and the current multilevel marketing （MLM） strategies of consumables that are cunningly being proposed as legitimate business and entrepreneurial options. This paper will present handy information for persons interested in participating in MLM businesses and regulators in order to make informed decisions to avoid a repeat of unwise investment.展开更多
Return periods calculated for different environmental conditions are key parameters for ocean platform design.Many codes for offshore structure design give no consideration about the correlativity among multi-loads an...Return periods calculated for different environmental conditions are key parameters for ocean platform design.Many codes for offshore structure design give no consideration about the correlativity among multi-loads and over-estimate design values.This frequently leads to not only higher investment but also distortion of structural reliability analysis.The definition of design return period in existing codes and industry criteria in China are summarized.Then joint return periods of different ocean environmental parameters are determined from the view of service term and danger risk.Based on a bivariate equivalent maximum entropy distribution,joint design parameters are estimated for the concomitant wave height and wind speed at a site in the Bohai Sea.The calculated results show that even if the return period of each environmental factor,such as wave height or wind speed,is small,their combinations can lead to larger joint return periods.Proper design criteria for joint return period associated with concomitant environmental conditions will reduce structural size and lead to lower investment of ocean platforms for the exploitation of marginal oil field.展开更多
It is stipulated in the China national document, named'The Economical Appraisal Methods for Construction Projects' that dynamic analysis should dominate the project economical appraisal methods. This paper has...It is stipulated in the China national document, named'The Economical Appraisal Methods for Construction Projects' that dynamic analysis should dominate the project economical appraisal methods. This paper has set up a dynamic investment forecast model for Yuanbaoshan Surface Coal Mine. Based on this model, the investment reliability using simulation and analytic methods has been analysed, and the probability that the designed internal rate of return can reach 8.4%, from economic points of view, have been also studied.展开更多
The research topic is the one of public finance company whose core business is focused to support investment projects to overcome enterprises technological and structural gap. The research question is： If and how a p...The research topic is the one of public finance company whose core business is focused to support investment projects to overcome enterprises technological and structural gap. The research question is： If and how a public finance company is able to create and favor value creation processes sustainability for agro-food enterprises, highlighting the positive emerging externalities for different categories of stakeholders. They have results with particular evidences allow comparisons between the private investments and the support of institutional public investors. In such perspective, the mode of disbursement of soft loans and investment operations made by a public financing company will be examined. The methodological approach used, following a deductive-inductive perspective, is based on the ease study. Such technique able to formulate theories about a little known phenomena in their context, allows the study of recent events on which the researcher has little control. To this, a qualitative analysis on both primary and secondary data adds. From data analysis, it resulted that the Institute of Agribusiness Development （ISA） initiatives facilitated, just for example, the technological innovation of production department and consequent production capacity, the acquisition of production assets for row material processing and optimization of internal logistics, through an innovative automated warehouse. As a result, the case study finds sustainability at multiple levels reached by the activities promoted by ISA and the subsequent co-creation of value for stakeholders involved, small agro-food businesses innovation, and/or internationalization processes. As long as practical implications are concerned, such highlight the importance and the need for public and private institutions in their effort to continue to invest in projects to support the economy of the country. The originality of the paper lies in the proposed interpretation of more integrative paradigms （viable system approach, sustainability, and, value creation）, analyzing a financial institution for the development of the Italian food industry. At the same time, authors stress the research limit that is the analysis of the input of only one organization and consequent limited data in quantity and time span.展开更多
This paper presents an economic viability analysis of two investment alternatives for a pig farming located in the city of Jatai, Goias State, Brazil. The first investment alternative consists of the implementation of...This paper presents an economic viability analysis of two investment alternatives for a pig farming located in the city of Jatai, Goias State, Brazil. The first investment alternative consists of the implementation of a biodigester, being the biogas burned in a flare. The second alternative also consists of a biodigester, nevertheless the produced biogas is used to generate electricity. The methodologies to estimate the methane production in anaerobic reactors are presented, as well as those for the quantification of the baseline and project emissions and of the electricity that can be generated. The results showed that the use of biogas for the electricity generation is the alternative more economically viable.展开更多
That is a global issue to preserve and increase the value of pension funds, also has caused widespread concern of the governments around the world. China＇s basic pension funds are also facing the severe problem. In t...That is a global issue to preserve and increase the value of pension funds, also has caused widespread concern of the governments around the world. China＇s basic pension funds are also facing the severe problem. In this background, The State Council issued ＂the Measures for the Administration of Investment in Basic Pension Insurance Funds＂, Basic Pension Funds into Capital Markers finally＂ have laws to go by ＂. To explore the basic pension funds into the market has a realistic social significance. Based on the SWOT analysis method, make a detailed analysis of the pension market from four aspects, put forward some views and hope that these opinions can provide reference for the sustainable development of China＇s basic pension fund system.展开更多
文摘This paper presented a game theoretic model to study the competition for a single investment oppertunity under uncertainty. It models the hazard rate of investment as a function of competitors' trigger level. Under uncertainty and different information structure, the option and game theory was applied to researching the optimal Nash equilibrium strategies of one or more firm. By means of Matlab software, the paper simulates a real estate developing project example and illustrates how parameter affects investment strategies. The paper's work will contribute to the present investment practice in China.
文摘Since the recent crack down on pyramid and ponzi schemes, there have been attempts by unscrupulous persons to devise alternative means of attracting unsuspecting persons willing to do legitimate businesses for financial gains. The Caribbean Policy Research Institute [CAPRIl] （2008） in its report titled ＂Investigating Informal Investment Schemes in Jamaica＂ stated in its analysis of the characteristics of multilevel, pyramid, and ponzi schemes that despite the heterogeneity in the structure of these organizations, they all involve large numbers of small investors who are often lured into participating in a wide range of investment activities or financial hedging through the administration of a central unit. These schemes rely predominantly on new customers/clients to fund payments to existing customers. The need for a consistent supply of new recruits for sustainability and perceived growth is paramount. Based on the CAPRI report, pyramid schemes are unsustainable investment ploys that always fail to meet the expectations of over 90% of its investors with very little emphasis on profit-making ventures or products. This paper will examine the similarity between the recently foiled financial pyramid schemes and the current multilevel marketing （MLM） strategies of consumables that are cunningly being proposed as legitimate business and entrepreneurial options. This paper will present handy information for persons interested in participating in MLM businesses and regulators in order to make informed decisions to avoid a repeat of unwise investment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51279186)the National Program on Key Basic Research Project (2011CB013704)
文摘Return periods calculated for different environmental conditions are key parameters for ocean platform design.Many codes for offshore structure design give no consideration about the correlativity among multi-loads and over-estimate design values.This frequently leads to not only higher investment but also distortion of structural reliability analysis.The definition of design return period in existing codes and industry criteria in China are summarized.Then joint return periods of different ocean environmental parameters are determined from the view of service term and danger risk.Based on a bivariate equivalent maximum entropy distribution,joint design parameters are estimated for the concomitant wave height and wind speed at a site in the Bohai Sea.The calculated results show that even if the return period of each environmental factor,such as wave height or wind speed,is small,their combinations can lead to larger joint return periods.Proper design criteria for joint return period associated with concomitant environmental conditions will reduce structural size and lead to lower investment of ocean platforms for the exploitation of marginal oil field.
基金This project has been supported by the seience foundation of the doctorate programmes of the National Education Commission.
文摘It is stipulated in the China national document, named'The Economical Appraisal Methods for Construction Projects' that dynamic analysis should dominate the project economical appraisal methods. This paper has set up a dynamic investment forecast model for Yuanbaoshan Surface Coal Mine. Based on this model, the investment reliability using simulation and analytic methods has been analysed, and the probability that the designed internal rate of return can reach 8.4%, from economic points of view, have been also studied.
文摘The research topic is the one of public finance company whose core business is focused to support investment projects to overcome enterprises technological and structural gap. The research question is： If and how a public finance company is able to create and favor value creation processes sustainability for agro-food enterprises, highlighting the positive emerging externalities for different categories of stakeholders. They have results with particular evidences allow comparisons between the private investments and the support of institutional public investors. In such perspective, the mode of disbursement of soft loans and investment operations made by a public financing company will be examined. The methodological approach used, following a deductive-inductive perspective, is based on the ease study. Such technique able to formulate theories about a little known phenomena in their context, allows the study of recent events on which the researcher has little control. To this, a qualitative analysis on both primary and secondary data adds. From data analysis, it resulted that the Institute of Agribusiness Development （ISA） initiatives facilitated, just for example, the technological innovation of production department and consequent production capacity, the acquisition of production assets for row material processing and optimization of internal logistics, through an innovative automated warehouse. As a result, the case study finds sustainability at multiple levels reached by the activities promoted by ISA and the subsequent co-creation of value for stakeholders involved, small agro-food businesses innovation, and/or internationalization processes. As long as practical implications are concerned, such highlight the importance and the need for public and private institutions in their effort to continue to invest in projects to support the economy of the country. The originality of the paper lies in the proposed interpretation of more integrative paradigms （viable system approach, sustainability, and, value creation）, analyzing a financial institution for the development of the Italian food industry. At the same time, authors stress the research limit that is the analysis of the input of only one organization and consequent limited data in quantity and time span.
文摘This paper presents an economic viability analysis of two investment alternatives for a pig farming located in the city of Jatai, Goias State, Brazil. The first investment alternative consists of the implementation of a biodigester, being the biogas burned in a flare. The second alternative also consists of a biodigester, nevertheless the produced biogas is used to generate electricity. The methodologies to estimate the methane production in anaerobic reactors are presented, as well as those for the quantification of the baseline and project emissions and of the electricity that can be generated. The results showed that the use of biogas for the electricity generation is the alternative more economically viable.
文摘That is a global issue to preserve and increase the value of pension funds, also has caused widespread concern of the governments around the world. China＇s basic pension funds are also facing the severe problem. In this background, The State Council issued ＂the Measures for the Administration of Investment in Basic Pension Insurance Funds＂, Basic Pension Funds into Capital Markers finally＂ have laws to go by ＂. To explore the basic pension funds into the market has a realistic social significance. Based on the SWOT analysis method, make a detailed analysis of the pension market from four aspects, put forward some views and hope that these opinions can provide reference for the sustainable development of China＇s basic pension fund system.
