化工分析在优化工业催化剂性能评价中的作用

催化剂,以其在化工行业中所起的关键角色而著名,其性状的高低直接关乎到化工成品的质量与效益。这项研究立足于化工分析手法,对工业催化剂的性能展开了评价和研析。借由实验手段先行评估当前众多催化剂的性能,再运用化工分析法,依据催化反应速度、选择性、稳定性等性能指标,厘清并架构出对催化剂性能的系统评价。研究结论指出,催化剂表面的结构、活性中心的数量以及物质传输的性能均为影响催化剂性能的关键因素。对于如何优化催化剂设计,寻求性能的持续提升,以及促进化工生产效率的提高,也在研究中进一步探求并提出了一些可行的建议。同时,本研究还建议在催化剂选择时应全方位考虑其经济性、可行性及环保性等因素,以实现可持续的化工生产。该研究对于工业催化剂的性能评价具有重要的理论及实际指导意义。

CO_2捕集及利用技术的前景与挑战

近年来,为应对温室气体排放问题和日益增长的能源需求问题,CO_2捕集与利用技术作为潜在的解决方案受到了研究者的广泛关注。利用CO_2作为原料来制造有价值的化学品、材料和运输燃料,可能拥有更广阔的前景,并可以提供比封存技术更好、更长期的解决方案。利用CO_2作为原料生产的产品可以补充或替代精细化工、制药、高分子等行业的化工原料。本综述首先概述了CO_2捕集技术和CO_2利用方法的现状,以及它们在效率和经济方面的前景与挑战,并为新技术在未来的发展和大规模应用提供了一个视角。

Measurement of Surplus Labor in Viet Nam Agriculture

The large shift of surplus labor from agriculture to industry and services is seen in many countries around the world as well as in Vietnam in the process of industrialization and modernization of the country that has set questions about the sustainability of rural surplus labor： is there still a source of surplus labor in rural areas？ If so, how large is the source of surplus labor and how long it can be lasting？ These questions were hotly debated in the literature abroad. But in Vietnam there is very little or hardly exchanged opinions about the concepts and methods of measurement of surplus labor in general and surplus labor in agriculture in particular. This article refers to the measurement approach of surplus labor in agriculture in Vietnam.

Review on the nanoparticle fluidization science and technology

Gas fluidization has an ability to turn static particles to fluid-like dense flow, which allows greatly improved heat transfer among porous powders and highly efficient solid processing to become reality. As the rising star of current scientific research, some nanoparticles can also be fluidized in the form of agglomerates, with sizes ranging from tens to hundreds of microns. Herein, we have reviewed the recent progress on nanomaterial agglomeration and their fluidization behavior, the assisted techniques to enhance the fluidization of nanomaterials,including some mechanical measures, external fields and improved gas injections, as well as their effects on solid fluidization and mixing behaviors. Most of these techniques are effective in breaking large agglomerates and promoting particulate fluidization, meanwhile, the solid mixing is intensified under assisted fluidization. The applications of nanofluidization in nanostructured material production and sustainable chemical industry are further presented. In summary, the fluidization science of multidimensional, multicomponent and multifunctional particles, their multi-phase characterization, and the guideline of fluidized bed coupled process are prerequisites for the sustainable development of fluidized bed based materials, energy and chemical industry.

Availability of elements for heterogeneous catalysis: Predicting the industrial viability of novel catalysts

Growing concern regarding the sustainability of the chemical industry has driven the developmentof more efficient catalytic reactions.First‐generation estimates of catalyst viability are based oncrustal abundance,which has severe limitations.Herein,we propose a second‐generation approachto predicting the viability of novel catalysts prior to industrial implementation to benefit the globalchemical industry.Using this prediction,we found that a correlation exists between catalyst consumptionand the annual production or price of the catalyst element for11representative industrialcatalytic processes.Based on this correlation,we have introduced two new descriptors for catalystviability,namely,catalyst consumption to availability ratio per annum(CCA)and consumed catalystcost to product value ratio per annum(CCP).Based on evaluations of CCA and CCP for selected industrial reactions,we have grouped catalysts from the case studies according to viability,allowing the identification of general limits of viability based on CCA and CCP.Calculating the CCA and CCP and their comparing with the general limits of viability provides researchers with a novel framework for evaluating whether the cost or physical availability of a new catalyst could be limiting.We have extended this analysis to calculate the predicted limits of economically viable production and product cost for new catalysts.?2018,Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Published by Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.

China's Industrial Economy Evolves into an Era of Steady Progress:Prospects and Challenges

China's industrial economy's.growth has steadily evolved into a period of slowdown but the development momentum of its industrialization and urbanization requires and supports a relatively high rate of growth of the industry.Rapid growth has transformed into an era of "steady progress ".That heralds great changes in the momentum of growth,the nature of institutional systems,and policy concepts of the industrial economy.The character of industry and the achievement of healthy development are the essence of industrial advancement in the era. "Steady progress" requires a stabilization of attitude,policy and expectation. "Progress " calls for better quality of growth,equilibrium and environmental performance.Above all,advancing reforms is fundamental to achieving these new objectives of the "steady progress ".As market is potentially powerful while government's function is limited,only moderate,prudent and cautious government regulation will provide the reliable policy assurances necessary to set China's economy firmly on the track of steady progress and sustainable growth.

Study on City Environment,Safety and Health from the Viewpoint of Ecological Risks

Urban ecological risk analysis is a relatively new study field.Rapid industrial modernization and urbanization have significantly improved the living standards of the city.However,as environmental,safety and health issues are causing widespread concern,these problems have potential serious threat on ecosystems and human health.So how to solve many problems arising from city has become a key to sustainable development of human civilization.The present article analyzed the major problems that the city confronts and pointed out the main measures from the aspects of urban environment,safety and health.

Conceptual Framework for an Integrated Method to Optimize Sustainability of Engineering Systems

It is necessary to change the current dynamic of growth, to assure that future generations can satisfy their needs. Sustainable development and global sustainability are two concepts that have achieved great importance in almost every sector of activity. There is a wide range of methods and models for sustainability assessment. Nevertheless, it is necessary to go beyond evaluation, looking for sustainability optimization. In spite of this, little work has been done on the latter field. The authors present here a conceptual proposal for an integrated method to optimize sustainability of engineering systems, based on the MIVES （integrated value method for evaluating sustainability） method. For a better understanding of the method, its essential steps for optimizing an energy sub-system are summarized （shell-and-tube heat exchanger）.

Redesign of Motorized and Non-motorized Transport in Cities and Sustainable Mobility

Redesign of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities and sustainable mobility possibilities and utilization of already occupied areas for motorized and non-motorized transport in cities. Reserved area for public transport may be the redesign much more to take advantage of without taking up new space in cities. Redesigned solutions shown in the work of public mass transport and the redesign of non-motorized transport, bicycle and pedestrian paths point to the improved use and safety of movement of passengers, cyclists and pedestrians. This paper presents five redesigned concept designs as improving existing forms of transport and movement of cyclists and pedestrians in cities. Redesigned conceptual designs of motorized and non-motorized transport in cities should serve as ideas for the growing problems of urban development in the segment of insufficient surface for pedestrians and cyclists, as well as sustainable mobility transport people in the city.