Istanbul as a ＂third world＂ metropolis is a dynamic open system, where complex and multiple economical, social and physical conditions are overlapped. Still the city is a focus point of social （economical, cultural...Istanbul as a ＂third world＂ metropolis is a dynamic open system, where complex and multiple economical, social and physical conditions are overlapped. Still the city is a focus point of social （economical, cultural, and ethnical） and spatial dualisms and their genuine contradictions--polarizations particularly in the last 30 years. Istanbul＇s natural characteristics such as geographical conditions （slope topography and the physical relationship with the sea）, and also the artificial urban properties that include the historical architectural monuments, the industrial heritage, the contemporary urban transformation applications, the harbours and docklands as borderlines or in-between zones also identify this fragmented, hybrid, and divided urban structure. The Haydarpasa Harbour as an artificial urban borderline between the ruined and peak zones lJskudar and Kadikoy on the Asian side of the city is a kind of representative in-between area, an isolate city in city, which triggers the social and physical collage and ＂deconstructs＂ the development process of lstanbul＇s morphology. This paper aims to analyze these social and spatial aspects, which endure urban polarization in Istanbul. The underlying reasons of these contradictions and eventual outcome of the peak and the ruined zones in lstanbul and their border districts typologies will be analyzed. This paper will also make a compared evaluation of Haydarpasa Harbour （intersection point of two adjacent districts in Istanbul） and the completed urban design transformation projects/scenarios on the harbor area regarding the creation of a sustainable urban development for the city by enabling a new productive public space in-between [Jskudar （＂ruined＂ zone） and Kadikoy （＂peak＂ zone） in Istanbul.展开更多
The feasibility of city living with nature as a way to restore the balance between human uses and natural processes is the focus of this paper about the city of Maringa in Southern Brazil. This urban form, a planned n...The feasibility of city living with nature as a way to restore the balance between human uses and natural processes is the focus of this paper about the city of Maringa in Southern Brazil. This urban form, a planned new town founded in 1947 upon a previous, comprehensive British land-development scheme, originally offered a friendly interaction between urban settlement and nature. Hence, this paper outlines how open spaces can be enhanced as an ecological structure, bringing parks, squares, gardens and urban farming into a productive system, both for nature＇s and for people＇s sakes. Following a morphological study, the proposed ecological structure will maintain ecological processes within the urban grid and help to preserve historical and social values, by linking a wide variety of natural and restored ecosystems and landscape features. The adoption of this kind of ecological planning will certainly result in an increase of the urban landscape quality, changing actual planning paradigm and preventing the city from environmental quality decrease.展开更多
Environmental design is concerned with the function of people within an environment and their interactions. Subway stations spaces are important examples of public spaces that are in close connection with the social l...Environmental design is concerned with the function of people within an environment and their interactions. Subway stations spaces are important examples of public spaces that are in close connection with the social life of people. Also, the fact that the social interactions and relations between people and city environments are becoming indispensable for subway station space indicates that these spaces play an essential role in urban life. This paper addresses the result of a study conducted by the authors on the influential elements pivotal to the improvement of social interactions in subway stations. The theory of John Lang in Urban design with consideration of social interaction was considered in this study. The objective of the study was to identify the architectural requirements in improving social interaction between people and environment in subway station spaces according to an evidence based design approach. To do so, relevant literature in different disciplines, architecture, urban design, social sustainability and so on, were reviewed Next, the most important environmental factors which contribute to human behavior in public spaces were derived and analyzed. Data of the study were collected via questionnaires filled out by the users of Tehran＇s subway stations. The collected data were analyzed and the architectural elements/requirements for improving social interactions were classified. The results of the study indicate that in the case of architectural requirements, contribution to the improvement of social interactions, design considerations for physical and mental safety, accessibility and lighting are the most important factors.展开更多
文摘Istanbul as a ＂third world＂ metropolis is a dynamic open system, where complex and multiple economical, social and physical conditions are overlapped. Still the city is a focus point of social （economical, cultural, and ethnical） and spatial dualisms and their genuine contradictions--polarizations particularly in the last 30 years. Istanbul＇s natural characteristics such as geographical conditions （slope topography and the physical relationship with the sea）, and also the artificial urban properties that include the historical architectural monuments, the industrial heritage, the contemporary urban transformation applications, the harbours and docklands as borderlines or in-between zones also identify this fragmented, hybrid, and divided urban structure. The Haydarpasa Harbour as an artificial urban borderline between the ruined and peak zones lJskudar and Kadikoy on the Asian side of the city is a kind of representative in-between area, an isolate city in city, which triggers the social and physical collage and ＂deconstructs＂ the development process of lstanbul＇s morphology. This paper aims to analyze these social and spatial aspects, which endure urban polarization in Istanbul. The underlying reasons of these contradictions and eventual outcome of the peak and the ruined zones in lstanbul and their border districts typologies will be analyzed. This paper will also make a compared evaluation of Haydarpasa Harbour （intersection point of two adjacent districts in Istanbul） and the completed urban design transformation projects/scenarios on the harbor area regarding the creation of a sustainable urban development for the city by enabling a new productive public space in-between [Jskudar （＂ruined＂ zone） and Kadikoy （＂peak＂ zone） in Istanbul.
文摘The feasibility of city living with nature as a way to restore the balance between human uses and natural processes is the focus of this paper about the city of Maringa in Southern Brazil. This urban form, a planned new town founded in 1947 upon a previous, comprehensive British land-development scheme, originally offered a friendly interaction between urban settlement and nature. Hence, this paper outlines how open spaces can be enhanced as an ecological structure, bringing parks, squares, gardens and urban farming into a productive system, both for nature＇s and for people＇s sakes. Following a morphological study, the proposed ecological structure will maintain ecological processes within the urban grid and help to preserve historical and social values, by linking a wide variety of natural and restored ecosystems and landscape features. The adoption of this kind of ecological planning will certainly result in an increase of the urban landscape quality, changing actual planning paradigm and preventing the city from environmental quality decrease.
文摘Environmental design is concerned with the function of people within an environment and their interactions. Subway stations spaces are important examples of public spaces that are in close connection with the social life of people. Also, the fact that the social interactions and relations between people and city environments are becoming indispensable for subway station space indicates that these spaces play an essential role in urban life. This paper addresses the result of a study conducted by the authors on the influential elements pivotal to the improvement of social interactions in subway stations. The theory of John Lang in Urban design with consideration of social interaction was considered in this study. The objective of the study was to identify the architectural requirements in improving social interaction between people and environment in subway station spaces according to an evidence based design approach. To do so, relevant literature in different disciplines, architecture, urban design, social sustainability and so on, were reviewed Next, the most important environmental factors which contribute to human behavior in public spaces were derived and analyzed. Data of the study were collected via questionnaires filled out by the users of Tehran＇s subway stations. The collected data were analyzed and the architectural elements/requirements for improving social interactions were classified. The results of the study indicate that in the case of architectural requirements, contribution to the improvement of social interactions, design considerations for physical and mental safety, accessibility and lighting are the most important factors.
