浅谈数字化技术在生态环境保护中的作用

本文着重分析了数字化技术在环保领域的广泛应用及其带来的影响。首先,本文探讨了云计算、大数据等互联网技术在环境监测和管理方面的核心作用,这些技术在有效提升环境监测的效率和准确度、制定科学环保政策和应对自然灾害方面具备独特优势。此外,文章探讨了卫星遥感和物联网在环境监控方面的具体应用,也介绍了社交媒体和在线教育对提升公众环保意识的重要作用。文章还涉及了实施这些技术时面临的挑战,例如数据安全和隐私保护问题。最后,展望了物联网、大数据、人工智能等技术在推动可持续能源发展和生态恢复方面的潜力与未来趋势。

Poverty Reduction,Environmental Protection and Ecosystem Services:A Prospective Theory for Sustainable Development

Poverty reduction and environmental protection are two global tasks for sustainable development.The study perspective has changed over time,from narrowly focusing on poverty reduction to comprehensively strengthening human-welfare.We reviewed key references targeting the theoretical content and practical approach relying on poverty,environment protection and ecosystem services.We discussed the contradicting views on the relationship of poverty and environmental degradation,and then illustrated the study progress of a cutting-age topic-ecosystem services which pave a way to address poverty reduction and environmental protection together.At last,we investigated essential factors that affect the development and environmental protection.Considering the evolution of the concept of poverty,we found that the environment has occupied an increasing proportion in the cognizance of poverty.The relationship between poverty and environmental degradation is regional uniqueness.In practical aspect,projects based on the management and valuation assessment of ecosystem services draw researchers′attention all over the world.The appropriate scale,essential economic incentives,morality,law and social equality are key factors affecting individuals′decisions which directly relate to the sustainable development.

Infrastructure for China＇s Ecologically Balanced Civilization

China＇s green investment needs up to 2020 are ￥1.7 trillion-2.9 trillion CNY （$274 billion-468 billion USD） per year. Estimates of financing requirements are provided for multiple sectors, including susainable energy, infrastructure （including for environmental protection）, environmental remediation, industrial pollution control, energy and water efficiency, and green products. The context to China＇s green financing is discussed, covering urbanization, climate change, interactions between infrastructure sectors, and the transformation of industry. Much of the infrastructure financing will occur in cities, with a focus on equity, environmental protection, and quality of life under the National New-Type Urbanization Plan （2014-2020）. China has implemented many successful policies in the building sector, but there is still considerable scope for improvement in the energy efficiency of Chinese buildings. China is currently pursuing low-carbon growth strategies that are consistent with its overall environmental and quality-of-life objectives. Beyond 2020, China＇s future as an ecologically balanced civilization will rest on the implementation of a central infrastructure policy： China 2050 High Renewable Energy Penetration Scenario and Roadmap Study. As exemplified by the Circular Economy Development Strategy and Near-Term Action Plan, an essential part of China＇s green industrial transformation involves engineering systems that conserve materials, thereby reducing or even eliminating wastes. To better understand changes to China＇s economy under its green transformation and to unlock large potential sources of finance, it is necessary to undertake a fuller examination of all of China＇s infrastructure sectors, particularly freight rail infrastructure and ports. Large investments are required to clean up a legacy of environmental contamination of soil and groundwater and to reduce industrial pollution. Transformation of the power sector away from coal will avoid some industrial treatment costs. The contribution of engineers in planning, designing, and constructing China＇s new green infrastructure will be furthered by understanding the broad policy context and the interactions between land use, infrastructure, and environmental performance.

Roles of State Strategy of Adaptation to Climate Change in China

For the adverse impacts of climate change, China gov- ernment should place the problem of adaptation to climate change on the agenda. It is time to institute and implement a state adap- tive strategy to reduce the adverse impacts on economy, commu- nity and people's health and life by international cooperation and our own endeavor. A state strategy of adaptation to climate change should be closely linked with other current interrelated national strategies, and they should be supplemented and improved by each other. This paper discusses the roles of the state strategy of adaptation to climate change in the state climate change integra- tive strategy, the environmental protection strategy, and the sus- tainable development strategy in China. Furthermore, it proposes the main aims of the state adaptive strategy of China.

Uses of Blast Furnace Slag as Complex Fertilizer

Significant quantities of slag are generated as waste material or by-product every day from steel industries. They usually contain considerable quantities of valuable metals and materials. Transforming these solid wastes from one form to another to be reused either by the same production unit or by different industrial installation is very much essential not only for conserving metals and mineral resources but also for protecting the environment. The sustainable development concept requires a more efficient management of waste materials and preservation of environment. The paper presents the basic characteristics of slag, analyses and it＇s modification by incorporating some essential plant nutrients and the possibility of its application as fertilizer was studied.

Ecological residence:theory and application in China

This paper makes an overall introduction of ecological residence (ER), a new type of eco-building and studiesits origin, definition, status quo and characteristics. Firstly, it shapes like a forest seen from afar and like a garden seeninside; secondly, its environment should be up to the natural level; thirdly, designing, management, green energyutilization and sanitation should be up to environmental standard; fourthly, the green ecology concept is not only appliedto building but also rooted in the residents. In this paper, the features of ecological residence are summarized - coziness,health, high-efficiency and beauty, and principles of ecological residence are proposed - ecology-based, human-oriented,local-conditions-based and systematic. Also, techniques, problems and various understandings are discussed for theenhancement of ecological residence.

Environmental issues and countermeasures in exploiting water resources of rivers

Based on affirming the tremendous benefits that water resources of rivers can provide in their exploitation, main environmental problems and their countermeasures have been proposed and analyzed in this paper. It is argued that multiple measures should be applied to solving those problems by simultaneously carrying out engineering measures, scientific research and also programs to cultivate the society’s awareness, aimed at a sustainable development strategy for exploiting water resources.

Impacts of Human Activity on Biodiversity——An Approach to Driving Force Indicators

The impact of human activity on biodiversity is very complicated, making it difficult to design practical indicators for assessment.Currently,state and response indicators are listed within Chapter15 of Agenda21,but no mention is made of driving force indicators and how they relate to biodiversity protection. This paper repre- sents an effort to identify and then operationalize the idea of driving force indicators at national level.Five human induced factors affecting biodiversity were discussed: (a) habitat loss and fragmentation; (b) overexploitation of resources;(c)species introduction;(d)pollution;and (e) climate change. From these five factors, a subsetwas selected to serve as possible driving force indicators:(1)habitat loss, (2)the ratio of exotic species to indigenous ones, and (3)the change in pollution status. Although the three indicators are relatively simple,they coverthe most important human impacts on biodiversity and offer the potential for further redefinition and ultimate use within the spirit of biodiversity protection.

Background, Pattern and Policy of China for Developing Circular Economy

Circular economy has become one of China’s im- portant strategies to realize scientific development and build ecological civilization at present. As in China circular economy was put forward as a new economic pattern, the international community generally holds that this is an innovative move for China’s economy to realize leap-forward development and hopes to learn more about the theory, policy and practice relating to China’s circular economy. This article introduces and comments on the necessity to develop circular economy in China, implications and characteristics of China’s circular economy, and China’s main practices and policies to promote it at present.

Building＇s Rehabilitation towards Sustainable Behavior

To achieve a sustainable building＇s behaviour and preserve the environmental balance, three laws must be taken into account （l） the resources＇ consume must not be faster than the rate at which nature can restock them, （2） the creation of systems that consume maximum energy-quality and （3） the maximization of the use of renewable and recycled materials. Therefore, the buildings＇ rehabilitation process must increase, instead of the proliferation of new buildings, in order to provide the sustainability of the built environment and minimize its ecological impact. The sustainable rehabilitation process is even more difficult in historical areas, in general sited in central zones of the urban mesh, with fragile comfort conditions and a rigid structure. In this paper, different evaluation tools for sustainable buildings were analysed in order to provide a set of evaluation criteria to be applied in the rehabilitation process in historical zones.

Economic Growth:Theoretical Arguments about Resources,Environment and the Limit Issue & the Choices Faced by the Human Being

The relationship between man and nature seems highly diverse during the evolving process of human society. Numerous destructive consequences incurring from the carly stage of the industrialization led to man＇s severe concern about ecological and environment issues. In 1972, a book entitled “The Limits To Growth” ushered in a worldwide argumentation campaign, and forced man to realize that the bearing capacity of ecological surroundings is finite, and the quantity of resources is numbered as well. Admittedly, the human advance in science and technology, from the long-term viewpoint, is capable of discovering new types of energy and resources. However, each specific period of human history is always endangered due to the crisis of energy and resources. Therefore the core of the retainable development lies in variation of the outdated pattern of economic growth as well as pursuit to the new substitutes.

The Buddhist Philosophical Perspective of Environmental Preservation and Management

At present we face a lot of environmental issues at both national and global levels. At the same time we will have to face severe environmental issues in the future. This is evident in forming the elements of earth, air, and water which reflect the human influence on organic and inorganic life. So, it is timely significant to pay attention on environmental preservation and management. The main purpose of this study is to explore how the Buddhist teaching could be used for environmental preservation and management. Accordingly, this study introduces a suitable long term environmental preservation model. The other objectives of this study are to learn Buddhism for environmental preservation and management, to create a new model which combines man and environment together, to compare Buddhist thinking and modem man＇s thinking regarding environmental preservation and management through the above and, to motivate man to preserve environment in through both direct and indirect ways. This study was based on the question whether the Buddhist philosophical teaching could be utilized to solve today＇s environmental issues？ The hypothesis was that the Buddhist philosophical teaching could be utilized for environmental preservation and management. For this purpose, the teachings of Buddha, related to environmental preservation as found in ＂Suttapil;aka＂ and ＂Vinayapi!;aka＂ were studied. In order to address these conditions we have subjected randomly collected information for interpretation and comparative analysis in qualitative research methodology. The content that has been analyzed is compared with the ethical code related to the patterns of human behavior and its relation to conservation. This has also given way to building some models related to the Buddhist teaching of environmental preservation. The objective of Buddhist philosophy is to generate sensitivity in the mind, of human beings and persuade them to preserve organic and inorganic environment, based on the view ＂Man is a creation of the environment＂. The Buddhist philosophical process of environmental preservation includes preserving flora and fauna, water, air, soil as well as garbage disposal. These elements, along with ethics, can be used in effective environment preservation. This new model of environmental preservation directs human beings towards sustainable development with a realistic vision. The Buddhist teaching on environment civilizes man＇s physical and spiritual behaviors, with a view to lead human beings towards environmental preservation with a realistic perspective.

Study on Effective Measures of Environmental Protection for Sustainable Development of Tourism Industry in the World Natural Heritage Wulingyuan

In the course of exploiting its tourist resources and developing tourism industry in the early days in Wulingyuan, the government did not pay enough attention and no forceful measures were taken to control the environment. As a result, a series of problems are produced. By analyzing the relationship between the tourism development in Wulingyuan scenic area and its environmental evolution, the paper exposes the basic reason why these environmental problems are produced, and according to the requirement of developing tourism, the paper puts forward some effective measures to reasonably control the distribution of the tourists flow and to protect tourist resources as well as the environment, so as to achieve the sustainable development of the area.

Philosophical Consideration about the Sustainable Development of the Economy in West China

To realize the sustainable development of the economy of West China is not merely a great economic problem, butalso a great national problem and political issue. The economic activity is a practical activity for the economic subject. Theeconomic development view, values, and the natural view of the economic subject determine the choice of the behavior of themain body in the economic activity. Only the behavior of the economic subject according with its demands could make theeconomy of west China have a sustainable development. Therefore, establishing the development view, the values and naturalview of the economic subject for sustainable development becomes a realistic problem that is worth of thinking.

Designing Trade Rules to Promote Climate Sustainability

Climate sustainability has become a key issue of our time. Measures protecting the environment, however, can have an impact on the competitiveness of domestic firms and on cross-border trade. Therefore, regulatory bodies should enlarge the scope of their policies and treat climate sustainability as global public good; based on such concept trade rules are to be designed in a way that allows a fair balancing between the diverse interests.

Developing a Building Environmental Assessment System for Slovakia

In the previous time the requirements of environmental safety, suitability and responsibility of buildings have increased. The criteria of sustainability are included in building environmental assessment systems and tools used in different countries. The aim of building environmental assessment is a sustainable building design, which demands the cooperation among civil engineers, architects, environmentalists and other experts from different areas of building environmental assessment. The existing systems and tools were the basis of the new system development available in Slovak conditions. The purpose of this paper is to introduce the building environmental assessment system （BEAS） which was developed in Slovakia. Significant models used world wide in relation to environmental assessment of buildings, were compared on the basis of their covered. The summary of sustainable building assessment systems will be presented in this paper. Developing a building environmental assessment system for Slovakia is also introduced in the paper.

News in Brief

Xi Congratulates Scientists on Expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Chinese President Xi Jinping sent a congratulatory letter to a research team on the second scientific expedition to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau on Aug.19.Xi expressed his congratulations and greetings to scientists,young students and support staff who joined the country’s second comprehensive scientific expedition to the plateau.He noted that the expedition will promote the plateau’s sustainable development and the world’s ecological environmental protection.

Strategic transformation of regionalization for the agricultural comprehensive development: The example of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region in China

Strategic transformation of regionalization for agricultural comprehensive development(ACD) was presented by the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China(MOF) in 2014. The regionalization is the premise and basis of the sustainable development and improved competitiveness for agriculture. Based on the environmental resources related to agriculture, such as cropland, climate, water resources, terrain, geomorphology, patterns of the ACD projects, distribution of ecological planning, etc., we devised 13 indices using the geographic comprehensive regionalization method. The indices took into account a combination of dynamic and static, qualitative and quantitative, as well as agricultural and ecological factors. The strategic transformation of regionalization for the ACD in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region of China was performed; seven types were included: prioritized regions, prioritized and restricted regions, protected regions, protected and restricted regions, restricted and prioritized regions, restricted and protected regions, and restricted regions. A further 24 subtypes were used based on locations and ecological zones. The regionalization results showed that prioritized regions were mainly in northern Ningxia, the most suitable area for agriculture. The protected and restricted regions were in central and southern Ningxia. In the central part, drought was the limiting factor for agriculture, and water conservation projects there should be supported. The ecological environment is fragile in southern Ningxia, so there is a need for ecologically sound agriculture to be developed in this region. Such regionaliza-tion could achieve two goals, namely agricultural conservation and eco-environmental protection. It was performed following the requirement for scientific regionalization to include three types of regions(prioritized regions, protected regions, and restricted regions), and was applied at the township scale in a provincial or autonomous region for the first time. The results provide both guidance for the strategic transformation of the ACD in Ningxia, and a reference for similar work in other provinces.