Tourism has become the world＇s fastest growing sector due to acceleration of technology and information flow in the globalized world of today, development of the modem mass transport system and increase in people＇s ...Tourism has become the world＇s fastest growing sector due to acceleration of technology and information flow in the globalized world of today, development of the modem mass transport system and increase in people＇s disposable income. Upon tourism＇s being considered as a serious development strategy in the developments of the countries, all the countries of the world have begun to accelerate their investments in this area through utilizing the natural and cultural assets of their countries （heritage） with a view to provide revenue to their economy as well as creation of jobs. This situation, which has emerged as a result of the globalization of supply and demand in tourism, has created certain problems in terms of environmental balance and the living conditions of local people as a result of poor management of the utilization of natural and cultural resources. The objective of this paper is to examine the concepts and principles germane to sustainable tourism which has significant contribution to the development of the countries, made at the macro level both in the world and in Turkey. The aim of this paper, at the micro level, is to create awareness incident to the tourism resources of the Van Region and the Old Van province and ensure the utilization of these resources through protection thereof. At the end of the study, the importance of the protection of heritage resources as well as fair use thereof in terms of increasing the competitiveness of Turkey on a global scale in tourism is addressed in the light of the overall evaluations.展开更多
Globalization and liberalization offer competitive openings for several world brands to the Indian markets. Bestowed with growing disposable incomes, Kerala consumers exhibit wide diversity in their buying habits. App...Globalization and liberalization offer competitive openings for several world brands to the Indian markets. Bestowed with growing disposable incomes, Kerala consumers exhibit wide diversity in their buying habits. Apparently, the emerging fascination for imported brands impels distributers to leave enough space to shelf more ＂made in China＂ brands in their showrooms. The substantial increase in consumers＇ demand for imported goods with considerable attraction for ＂made in China＂ products inspired this study to explore the demand state for various types of Chinese products in the Indian regional markets. Divided into two stages, at first, with a primary survey, the study explores the consumers＇ perception towards selected five vastly available consumer durables such as electrical appliances, handicrafts, stationeries, toys and builds wares. Later, the demand matrix developed from the primary data defines the types of demand prevailing for each category of＂made in China＂ products based on their popularity and consumption in Kerala markets.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to test the Hall （1978）＇s permanent income hypothesis by the specification proposed by Campbell and Mankiw （1989） and Rao （2005）, and five consumptions function specifications of Ghali ...The aim of this paper is to test the Hall （1978）＇s permanent income hypothesis by the specification proposed by Campbell and Mankiw （1989） and Rao （2005）, and five consumptions function specifications of Ghali and Renaud （1971） for a small-open economy, Turkey. We used three methods to investigate the per capita disposable income elasticity of consumption. These are Ordinary Least Squares, Two Stage Ordinary Least Squares with instrument variable and Non-Linear Least Squares with instrument variable for to estimate the specifications. The results indicate that nearly 90% of the consumers in Turkey use the rule of thumb of current disposable income to determine the current consumption. The estimates for the Ghali and Renaud （1971） specifications are consistent by the Rao （2005） concerning the income elasticity of consumption parameter.展开更多
In this paper, an econometric model for the aquatic products consumption of urban residents was established, aiming at investigating the different effects of seven factors （urban residents＇ annual disposable income,...In this paper, an econometric model for the aquatic products consumption of urban residents was established, aiming at investigating the different effects of seven factors （urban residents＇ annual disposable income, annual consumption quantity of pork and poultry and related byproducts, family structure, aging level, educational background, having meals out of home, and the number of retail chains stores） on the aquatic products consumption quantity of urban residents. The result of the model showed urban residents＇ annual disposable income and having meals out of home play the greatest effect on the consumption of aquatic products, followed by the number of retail chains stores; family structure plays a negative effect on the consumption of aquatic products. Also, the analysis shows not only the prices of the aquatic products as well as substitutes should be considered and also the quantity of the meals consumed by residents out of home and the number of retail chains stores should be used as important associated factors in studying the change trend of aquatic products consumption, and simultaneously the effect of family structure on the consumption quantity of aquatic products should be taken seriously, so that the aquatic products consumption of Chinese residents should be further promoted and also the aquatic products market can attain a development.展开更多
This paper responds to criticisms levied at my previous research paper on ＂gray＂ household income in China. In 2010, I published a paper estimating the actual income of high-income urban residents in China. Results ...This paper responds to criticisms levied at my previous research paper on ＂gray＂ household income in China. In 2010, I published a paper estimating the actual income of high-income urban residents in China. Results indicated that per-capita disposable income for the wealthiest 10 percent of households in 2008 was roughly 139,000 yuan, rather than the 44,000 yuan indicated by official statistics. This suggested an aggregate gray income of 9.3 trillion yuan for China ＂s urban residents in 2008, mainly dispersed among high income groups. In 2012, Luo Chuliang et al. published a criticism paper, arguing that flawed methodology and analysis exaggerated gray income and household income gaps. This paper both responds to these criticisms and reasserts my original claim that official statistics seriously underestimate both gray income and income inequality in China.展开更多
文摘Tourism has become the world＇s fastest growing sector due to acceleration of technology and information flow in the globalized world of today, development of the modem mass transport system and increase in people＇s disposable income. Upon tourism＇s being considered as a serious development strategy in the developments of the countries, all the countries of the world have begun to accelerate their investments in this area through utilizing the natural and cultural assets of their countries （heritage） with a view to provide revenue to their economy as well as creation of jobs. This situation, which has emerged as a result of the globalization of supply and demand in tourism, has created certain problems in terms of environmental balance and the living conditions of local people as a result of poor management of the utilization of natural and cultural resources. The objective of this paper is to examine the concepts and principles germane to sustainable tourism which has significant contribution to the development of the countries, made at the macro level both in the world and in Turkey. The aim of this paper, at the micro level, is to create awareness incident to the tourism resources of the Van Region and the Old Van province and ensure the utilization of these resources through protection thereof. At the end of the study, the importance of the protection of heritage resources as well as fair use thereof in terms of increasing the competitiveness of Turkey on a global scale in tourism is addressed in the light of the overall evaluations.
文摘Globalization and liberalization offer competitive openings for several world brands to the Indian markets. Bestowed with growing disposable incomes, Kerala consumers exhibit wide diversity in their buying habits. Apparently, the emerging fascination for imported brands impels distributers to leave enough space to shelf more ＂made in China＂ brands in their showrooms. The substantial increase in consumers＇ demand for imported goods with considerable attraction for ＂made in China＂ products inspired this study to explore the demand state for various types of Chinese products in the Indian regional markets. Divided into two stages, at first, with a primary survey, the study explores the consumers＇ perception towards selected five vastly available consumer durables such as electrical appliances, handicrafts, stationeries, toys and builds wares. Later, the demand matrix developed from the primary data defines the types of demand prevailing for each category of＂made in China＂ products based on their popularity and consumption in Kerala markets.
文摘The aim of this paper is to test the Hall （1978）＇s permanent income hypothesis by the specification proposed by Campbell and Mankiw （1989） and Rao （2005）, and five consumptions function specifications of Ghali and Renaud （1971） for a small-open economy, Turkey. We used three methods to investigate the per capita disposable income elasticity of consumption. These are Ordinary Least Squares, Two Stage Ordinary Least Squares with instrument variable and Non-Linear Least Squares with instrument variable for to estimate the specifications. The results indicate that nearly 90% of the consumers in Turkey use the rule of thumb of current disposable income to determine the current consumption. The estimates for the Ghali and Renaud （1971） specifications are consistent by the Rao （2005） concerning the income elasticity of consumption parameter.
文摘In this paper, an econometric model for the aquatic products consumption of urban residents was established, aiming at investigating the different effects of seven factors （urban residents＇ annual disposable income, annual consumption quantity of pork and poultry and related byproducts, family structure, aging level, educational background, having meals out of home, and the number of retail chains stores） on the aquatic products consumption quantity of urban residents. The result of the model showed urban residents＇ annual disposable income and having meals out of home play the greatest effect on the consumption of aquatic products, followed by the number of retail chains stores; family structure plays a negative effect on the consumption of aquatic products. Also, the analysis shows not only the prices of the aquatic products as well as substitutes should be considered and also the quantity of the meals consumed by residents out of home and the number of retail chains stores should be used as important associated factors in studying the change trend of aquatic products consumption, and simultaneously the effect of family structure on the consumption quantity of aquatic products should be taken seriously, so that the aquatic products consumption of Chinese residents should be further promoted and also the aquatic products market can attain a development.
文摘This paper responds to criticisms levied at my previous research paper on ＂gray＂ household income in China. In 2010, I published a paper estimating the actual income of high-income urban residents in China. Results indicated that per-capita disposable income for the wealthiest 10 percent of households in 2008 was roughly 139,000 yuan, rather than the 44,000 yuan indicated by official statistics. This suggested an aggregate gray income of 9.3 trillion yuan for China ＂s urban residents in 2008, mainly dispersed among high income groups. In 2012, Luo Chuliang et al. published a criticism paper, arguing that flawed methodology and analysis exaggerated gray income and household income gaps. This paper both responds to these criticisms and reasserts my original claim that official statistics seriously underestimate both gray income and income inequality in China.
