建筑信息模型(BIM)与《绿色建筑评价标准》的相关性分析

建筑信息模型(BIM)是工程建设和信息技术两大领域高度结合的产物,是工程资产数字化的基本途径。BIM的特点和方法表明,使用BIM对工程进行分析和模拟将有利于绿色建筑方面的评价、管理和决策。这其中最关键的步骤就是根据现行的国家标准《绿色建筑评价标准》,分析其与BIM的相关性,为BIM和绿色建筑评价的进一步结合提供指引。

劳动价值论分歧探源

劳动价值论百年争论源于两方面:抽象劳动、价值等概念的不可测度性;经典作家对劳动二重性原理只给出了界定,而未给出严密论证。上述问题导致了中国学术界关于商品价值源泉的重大分歧,也导致了劳动价值论与我国现行分配制度的抵牾。归复经济学的实证性和马克思价值源泉的"社会关系说",劳动创造的"价值"应定位在精神财富和物质财富两方面。在这一理论架构中,不仅价值创造与财富创造、财富分配正相关,而且理论与现实的抵牾也将得到消除。

A Novel Built-in CMOS Temperature Sensor for VLSI Circuits

A novel temperature sensor is developed and presented especially for the purpose of on-line thermal monitoring of VLSI chips.This sensor requires very small silicon area and low power consumption,and the simulation results show that its accuracy is in the order of 0.8℃.The proposed sensor can be easily implemented using regular CMOS process technologies,and can be easily integrated to any VLSI circuits to increase their reliability.

Prediction of the Hualian Earthquakes in Taiwan and an Extended Discussion on the Method of Commensurability

The method of commensurability was used by the authors to predict the great earthquake of magnitude 7.5 that occurred on March 31,2002 in Taiwan 70km away from Hualian. Analyzing the earthquakes of magnitude≥7.0 which occurred in the Hualian area of Taiwan within the 20th century, the authors discovered that the occurrences of the earthquakes are commensurable. The earthquakes of magnitude 7.6 which occurred in Hualian of Taiwan, on September 20th, 1999 and of magnitude 7.5 which occurred 70 km away from Hualian, on March 31th, 2002 appeared at the commensurable point of K=2 and the period times the golden section, respectively. An extended discussion is carried out on the method of commensurability and its implied physical significance, especially on the contribution of the commensurable periodic extension made by Prof. Weng Wenbo.

Pseudometric Generating Property of Fuzzy Measures Convergence in Fuzzy Measure

The relations among three kinds of structural characteristics of fuzzy measure: (1) pseudometric generating property; (2) pseudometric generating property of type p; (3) null null additivity, and the convergence for sequence of measurable function on semi continuous fuzzy measure space are discussed. A set of equivalent conditions for each of these structural characteristics are presented, respectively. It is proved that null null additivity is equivalent to pseudometric generating property for a finite fuzzy measure on S compact space.

Integrating unascertained measurement and information entropy theory to assess blastability of rock mass

Due to the complex features of rock mass blastability assessment systems, an evaluation model of rock mass blastability was established on the basis of the unascertained measurement （UM） theory and the actual characteristics of the project. Considering a comprehensive range of intact rock properties and discontinuous structures of rock mass, twelve main factors influencing the evaluation blastability of rock mass were taken into account in the UM model, and the blastability evaluation index system of rock mass was constructed. The unascertained evaluation indices corresponding to the selected factors for the actual situation were solved both qualitatively and quantitatively. Then, the UM function of each evaluation index was obtained based on the initial data for the analysis of the blastability of six rock mass at a highway improvement cutting site in North Wales. The index weights of the factors were calculated by entropy theory, and credible degree identification （CDI） criteria were established according to the UM theory. The results of rock mass blastability evaluation were obtained by the CDI criteria. The results show that the UM model assessment results agree well with the actual records, and are consistent with those of the fuzzy sets evaluation method. Meanwhile, the unascertained superiority degree of rock mass blastability of samples S1-$6 which can be calculated by scoring criteria are 3.428 5, 3.453 3, 4.058 7, 3.675 9, 3.516 7 and 3.289 7, respectively. Furthermore, the proposed method can take into account large amount of uncertain information in blastability evaluation, which can provide an effective, credible and feasible way for estimating the blastability of rock mass. Engineering practices show that it can complete the blastability assessment systematically and scientifically without any assumption by the proposed model, which can be applied to practical engineering.

Reliability of a Novel Cobb Protractor for Measuring the Cobb Angle of Radiograph in Scoliosis

Objective To introduce a novel Cobb protractor and assess its reliability and rapidity for measuring Cobb angle in scoliosis patients. Methods The novel Cobb protractor had two endplate markers. A measurement was performed just to align the two markers to each endplate of the curve. The Cobb angle on the posteroanterior radiographs of 24 patients clinically diagnosed with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis was measured by three orthopedic surgeons with both standard Cobb method and the new technique, and the time of measurement was recorded. Intraclass correlation coefficients(ICCs) were calculated to assess the reliability of the new method. Results The time for a measurement with the new tool was approximately 10 seconds less than the time that used to finish a measurement with the standard method(P<0.05). The overall mean Cobb angle for the major curve of the 24 patients was 47.8°. The mean overall intraobserver and interobserver ICC was 0.971 and 0.971 for the Cobb method group, while the overall intraobserver ICC and the interobserver was 0.985 and 0.979 for the new tool group. Conclusions The novel Cobb protractor could perform quick measurement and measure almost all forms of radiographs. The Cobb protractor might be an ideal instrument to measure the Cobb angle.

Applicability and variability of liver stiffness measurements according to probe position

AIM: To investigate the liver stiffness measurement (LSM) applicability and variability with reference to three probe positions according to the region of liver biopsy. METHODS: The applicability for LSM was defined as at least 10 valid measurements with a success rate greater than 60% and an interquartile range/median LSM < 30%. The LSM variability compared the inter-position concordance and the concordance with FibroTest. RESULTS: Four hundred and forty two consecutive patients were included. The applicability of the anterior position (81%) was significantly higher than that of the reference (69%) and lower positions (68%), (both P = 0.0001). There was a signif icant difference (0.5 kPa, 95% CI 0.13-0.89; P < 0.0001) between mean LSM estimated at the reference position (9.3 kPa) vs the anterior position (8.8 kPa). Discordance between positions was associated with thoracic fold (P = 0.008). The discordance rate between the reference position result and FibroTest was higher when the 7.1 kPa cutoff was used to define advanced fibrosis instead of 8.8 kPa (33.6% vs 23.5%, P = 0.03).CONCLUSION: The anterior position of the probe should be the fi rst choice for LSM using Fibroscan, as it has a higher applicability without higher variability compared to the usual liver biopsy position.

Densities, conductivities, and viscosities of aqueous solutions of N-hexyl,methylpyrrolidinium bromide and N-butyl, methylpyrrolidinium bromide at different temperatures

The densities, conductivities, and viscosities were measured for ternary solutions of N-hexyl,methylpyrrolidinium bromide([PP1,6]Br)- N-butyl,methylpyrrolidinium bromide([PP1,4]Br)-H2 O and its binary subsystems [PP1,6]Br-H2 O and [PP1,4]Br-H2 O at(298.15, 303.15, 308.15, and 313.15) K, respectively. The results were used to test the predictability of the simple equations established for the prediction of density, conductivity,and viscosity of the mixed electrolyte solutions. The results show that the examined simple equations can offer good predictions for density, conductivity, and viscosity of the mixed ionic liquid solutions in terms of the corresponding properties of its binary subsystems of equal ionic strength.

A complexity-scalable software-based MPEG-2 video encoder

With the development of general-purpose processors (GPP) and video signal processing algorithms, it is possible to implement a software-based real-time video encoder on GPP, and its low cost and easy upgrade attract developers' interests to transfer video encoding from specialized hardware to more flexible software. In this paper, the encoding structure is set up first to support complexity scalability; then a lot of high performance algorithms are used on the key time-consuming modules in coding process; finally, at programming level, processor characteristics are considered to improve data access efficiency and processing parallelism. Other programming methods such as lookup table are adopted to reduce the computational complexity. Simulation results showed that these ideas could not only improve the global performance of video coding, but also provide great flexibility in complexity regulation.

On Simultaneous Exact Controllability

We consider a mixed problem for a system describing the evolution of sound in a compressible fluid. We describe how to treat a simultaneous exact boundary controllability problem in the sense proposed by J.L. Lions as well as D. Russell. By using convenient modified multipliers we obtain an observability inequality provided suitable geometric condition on the domain is valid and the speed velocity of the models are related.

Study of Minimum Magnitude of Completeness in the North-South Trending Seismic Belt for the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability Project

To determine the studying region of China Testing Center of the Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability （CSEP）, we adopted the Entire-Magnitude-Range （EMR） method to study the spatial distribution of minimum magnitude of completeness （Mc） in the North-South Trending Seismic Belt （NSTSB） during the period from October 1, 2008 to May 31, 2011. Also bootstrap testing was performed to estimate the uncertainty of Mc, i. e. 8Mc. The results show that Mc （EMR） = 1.6 ± 0. 03 for the whole region. From the spatial distributions of Mc we find that Mc is in the range of Mu 1.3 ±2.0 for most regions. Specifically, the spatial distribution of Mc is consistent with the distribution of stations indicating high monitoring level in the southern part and low monitoring level in the northern part. Events located with less than three stations have great influence on Me. Moreover, the uncertainty of minimum magnitude of completeness 6Mc ranges from 0. 07 to 0.22. The spatial distribution of 6Mc agrees with the seismic rate. The shorter time span may cause larger 6Mc

Pension replacement rate related to the scope and specific estimates

Pension replacement rate in respect of almost everyone＇s retirement, about the sustainability of the whole pension system, stable relations of society as a whole. For the pension replacement rate study, researchers conducted a more in-depth exploration, according to their different research needs to develop a different pension replacement rate concept. Based on previous studies scholars, for the relevant category of pension replacement rate to sort out, and for different categories of calculation method of the sort, in order to provide a reference for further study of the pension replacement rate.

IOD-related optimal initial errors and optimal precursors for IOD predictions from reanalysis data

This study explored the spatial patterns of winter predictability barrier(WPB)-related optimal initial errors and optimal precursors for positive Indian Ocean dipole(IOD)events,and the associated physical mechanisms for their developments were analyzed using the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation dataset.Without consideration of the effects of model errors on"predictions,"it was assumed that different"predictions"are caused by different initial conditions.The two types of WPB-related optimal initial errors are almost opposite for the start months of July(-1)and July(0),although they both present a west-east dipole pattern in the tropical Indian Ocean,with the maximum errors located at the thermocline depth.Bjerknes feedback and ocean waves play important roles in the growth of prediction errors.These two physical mechanisms compete during July-December and ocean waves dominate during January-June.The spatial patterns of optimal precursors and the physical mechanisms for their developments are similar to those of WPB-related optimal initial errors.It is worth noting that large values of WPB-related optimal initial errors and optimal precursors are concentrated within a few locations,which probably represent the sensitive areas of targeted observations for positive IOD events.The great similarities between WPB-related optimal initial errors and optimal precursors suggest that were intensive observations performed over these areas,this would not only reduce initial errors and thus,prediction errors,but it would also permit the detection of the signal of IOD events in advance,greatly improving the forecast skill of positive IOD events.

Predictability of Functional Diversity Depends on the Number of Traits

Analysis of functional diversity, based on plant traits and community structure, provides a promising approach for exploration of the adaptive strategies of plants and the relationship between plant traits and ecosystem functioning. However, it is unclear how the number of plant traits included influences functional diversity, and whether or not there are quantitatively dependent traits. This information is fundamental to the correct use of functional diversity metrics. Here, we measured 34 traits of 366 plant species in nine forests from the tropical to boreal zones in China. These traits were used to calculate seven functional diversity metrics: functional richness(functional attribute diversity(FAD), modified FAD(MFAD), convex hull hypervolume(FRic)), functional evenness(FEve), and functional divergence(functional divergence(FDiv), functional dispersion(FDis), quadratic entropy(Rao Q)). Functional richness metrics increased with an increase in trait number, whereas the relationships between the trait divergence indexes(FDiv and FDis) and trait number were inconsistent. Four of the seven functional diversity indexes(FAD, MFAD, FRic, and RaoQ) were comparable with those in previous studies, showing predictable trends with a change in trait number. We verified our hypothesis that the number of traits strongly influences functional diversity. The relationships between these predictable functional diversity metrics and the number of traits facilitated the development of a standard protocol to enhance comparability across different studies. These findings can support integration of functional diversity index data from different studies at the site to the regional scale, and they focus attention on the influence of quantitative selection of traits on functional diversity analysis.

OCCUPATION TIME PROCESSES OF FLEMING-VIOT PROCESSES

Suppose that Xt is the Fleming-Viot process associated with fractional power Laplacian operator -(-△)α/2 0 < α≥ 2, and Yt= f_0￣t Xs.ds is the so-called occupation time process.In this paper) the asymptotic behavior at a large time and the absolute continuity of Yt are investigated.

Real-time reliability assessment based on acceleration monitoring for bridge

Bridge health monitoring （BHM） has become increasingly significant in the life-cycle of the structure such as maintenance, repair and rehabilitation. It is necessary to use BHM information efficiently to assess the working conditions of the bridge. The main objective of this study is to develop an effective method and establish a framework for the real-time reliability assessment based on BHM acceleration information. The first-passage probability and its further development have been proposed to as- sess the reliability probability. The first-passage probability shows the probability of that a scalar process exceeds a designated threshold during a given time interval. The advantage of the proposed method is the assessment of the real-time reliability probability based on the monitoring information during an assessment reference period. Furthermore, the velocity data and displacement data are calculated from the acceleration monitoring data using the relationships between their power spectral density （PSD） functions. The real-time reliability assessment of Donghai Bridge, which is the first large scale cross-sea bridge in China, demonstrates that the proposed method is efficient and effective.

Quasi-stationarity and quasi-ergodicity of general Markov processes

In this paper,we study the quasi-stationarity and quasi-ergodicity of general Markov processes.We show,among other things,that if X is a standard Markov process admitting a dual with respect to a finite measure m and if X admits a strictly positive continuous transition density p(t,x,y)(with respect to m)which is bounded in(x,y)for every t>0,then X has a unique quasi-stationary distribution and a unique quasi-ergodic distribution.We also present several classes of Markov processes satisfying the above conditions.