用无机掺合料提高混凝土的耐久性

在混凝土中掺入硅灰、粉煤灰和磨细的粒状高炉矿渣等工业副产品,可提高混凝土抵抗各种侵蚀的耐久性,而且变废为宝,有利于环保节能,这是一条大有前途的利国利民的重大举措。

用胶结料提高混凝土的耐久性

混凝土是一种用途相当广泛的建筑材料。如何提高混凝土的耐久性?这个问题已经引起世界各国建筑工程界的严重关切。在混凝土中掺入硅灰、粉煤灰和磨细的粒状高炉矿渣等工业副产品,即可提高混凝土抵抗各种侵蚀的耐久性,而且变废为宝,有利于环保节能,这是一条大有前途的利国利民的重大举措。

用胶结料提高混凝土的耐久性

混凝土是一种用途相当广泛的建筑材料。如何提高混凝土的耐久性?这个问题已经引起世界各国建筑工程界的严重关切。在混凝土中掺入硅灰、粉煤灰和磨细的粒状高炉矿渣等工业副产品,即可提高混凝土抚抗各种很蚀的耐久性,而且变废为宝,有利于环保节能,这是一条大有前途的利国利民的重大举措。

声波测井中横波拾取研究

研究了偏轴柱状声系激发的非对称声波场．在各向同性可渗性孔隙介质地层下，研究了时域全波列信号，指出对称和非对称声波场可通过简单的相加减办法来得到加强和削弱．理论和数值研究表明，将某些方位上接收的波形进行相加或相减等处理能较好地得到地层横波速度。

成纤维细胞三维培养物的超微结构

目的：研究成纤维细胞在疤痕形成中的作用。方法：采用可渗性胶原膜（Ｃｅｌｇｅｎ○Ｒ）作为底物，改进成纤维细胞的三维培养，６周培养后的培养物用醋酸铀和硝酸铅双重染色后用电镜进行观察。结果：发现培养物不仅有多层化结构、细胞外间质和肌成纤维细胞，而且培养物底层有肌成纤维细胞和大量胶原。结论：本文所揭示的成纤维细胞培养模型有利于创伤愈合。

Effects of Polyamine on Leaf Physiological and Biochemical Indexes of Maize Seedlings under Osmotic Stress

[Objective]The research aimed to probe into the mechanism of polyamine enhancing the tolerance of plants to drought stress and provide theoretical basis for application of polyamine in process of maize drought resistance. [Method]With PEG-6000 simulating natural drought,the change in content of soluble protein and relative water content were investigated in seedling leaves of two maize cultivars,Nongda 108 and Yedan 13 under osmotic stress with exogenous Spd treatment. [Result]On the 7th day,leaf relative water content and the content of soluble protein decreased more significantly in leaves of Yedan 13 （drought-sensitive） than in Nongda 108 （drought-tolerant）. Exogenous Spd treatment not only obviously inhibited the decrease of leaf relative water content,but also increased the content of soluble protein. [Conclusion]Exogenous Spd treatment could enhance the tolerance of maize seedlings to osmotic stress,via improving the content of soluble protein in seedling leaves.

高师一年级学生的智能培养

高等师范院校(以下简称高师)一年级学生,正处在人生中由常规教育的“求学期”向“创造期”转变的关键环节上,是尝试成才和跨步腾飞的起点。因此,探讨和研究这部分学生的智能培养,把师资建设的伟大工程牢固地建立在科学的基础上,就成了我们高师教育战线面临的重要课题。本文试就这一课题谈谈我个人的几点浅见。 抓好热爱教师职业的教育是开发学生智能的先决条件 一九八○年中央书记处召开的师范教育座谈会上,胡耀邦同志提出了成为合格的人民教师的三项要求:“第一,要努力学习和掌握比较渊博的知识;第二,要认真研究、

Nonlinear analysis of consolidation with variable compressibility and permeability

Terzaghi gave a theory of soil consolidation based on the effective stress principle, which was derived on several ideal assumptions to get a simplified theory. To avoid the limitations involved in Terzaghi’s theory, many efforts are being made by scholars to solve the problems in practical engineering situations. This paper presents a generalized theory for one dimensional consolidation of saturated soft clay with variable compressibility and permeability. The semi-analytical solution presented here takes into account the well known empirical e-logk and e-logp′(σ′) relations under instantaneous loading. Study of the consolida- tion behaviors showed that the ratio of Cc and Ck (the slope of e-logp and e-logk respectively) govern the ratio of consolidation. A simulative laboratory investigation with GDS advanced consolidation system was made to analyze the clay consolidation process and compare the results with the semi-analytical solution.

Consolidation Properties of Highly Plastic Clay During Osmotic Pressure Consolidation Test

For the very soft clay with high water content, its void ratio, compressibility coefficient and permeability varied with stress during consolidation. It is necessary to use large strain consolidation based on the permeability-void ratio relationship and effective stress-void ratio relationship to analyze these properties. To overcome the disadvantages of conventional oedometer test, and determine the effective stress-void relations of this kind of soil, osmotic pressure consolidation test for highly plastic clay study and the expression of permeability-void ratio are performed. Therefore, the decided properties will be reasonably used for solving the large strain consolidation equation.

Anti-chloride permeability and anti-chloride corrodibility of a green high performance concrete admixture in concrete

The effects of green high performance concrete (GHPC) admixture on the anti-chloride permeability and anti- chloride corrodibility of concrete are studied by a series of experiments designed on the basis of the diffusion principle and electro-chemical principle. The GHPC admixture consists of fly ash, gangue, slag, red mud, etc., of which the mass fraction of industrial residues is over 96 %. The anti-permeabilities and anti-corrodibilities of the tested GHPC and normal concrete (NC) are evaluated by the Diffusion Coefficients of chloride which was obtained by measuring the concentration of chloride in the tested systems by the voltage difference method. It is found that the adoption of GHPC admixture greatly improves the anti-chloride permeability and anti-chloride corrodibility by modifying the inner structure and contracting the porosity of concrete to the reduce considerably the diffusion rate of chloride. The admixture is desirable regarding its engineering performances as well as economical and environmental interests.

Stimuli-responsive Membranes： Smart Tools for Controllable Mass-transfer and Separation Processes

As emerging artificial biomimetic membranes, smart or intelligent membranes that are able to respond to environmental stimuli are attracting ever-increasing interests from various fields. Their permeation properties including hydraulic permeability and diffusional permeability can be dramatically controlled or adjusted self-regulatively in response to small chemical and/or physical stimuli in their environments. Such environmental stimuli-responsive smart membranes could find myriad applications in numerous fields ranging from controlled release to separations. Here the trans-membrane mass-transfer and membrane separation is introduced as the beginning to initiate the requirement of smart membranes, and then bio-inspired design of environmental stimuli-responsive smart membranes and four essential elements for smart membranes are introduced and discussed. Next, smart membrane types and their applications as smart tools for controllable mass-transfer in controlled release and separations are reviewed. The research tooics in the near future are also suggested.

Mechanism of CO_2 enhanced CBM recovery in China: a review

Permeability of coal reservoirs in China is in general low. Injection of CO2 into coal seams is one of the potential ap-proaches for enhancing coalbed methane (CBM) production. The feasibility of this technology has been investigated in China since the 1990s. Advances in mechanism of CO2 enhanced CBM recovery (CO2-ECBM) in China are reviewed in light of certain aspects, such as the competitive multi-component gas adsorption, sorption-induced coal swelling/shrinkage and its potential effect on CBM production and numerical simulation for CO2-ECBM recovery. Newer investigations for improving the technology are discussed. It is suggested that a comprehensive feasibility demonstration in terms of geology, technology, economics and environment-carrying capacity is necessary for a successful application of the technology for CBM recovery in China. The demonstration should be car-ried out after more investigations into such facets as the control of coal components and structure to a competitive multi-component-gas adsorption, the behavior and essence of super-critical adsorption by coal of gas, environmental and safe feasi-bility of coal mining after CO2 injection and more extensive pilot tests for CO2-ECBM recovery.

Reliability-based congestion pricing model under endogenous equilibrated market penetration and compliance rate of ATIS

A reliability-based stochastic system optimum congestion pricing(SSOCP) model with endogenous market penetration and compliance rate in an advanced traveler information systems(ATIS) environment was proposed. All travelers were divided into two classes. The first guided travelers were referred to as the equipped travelers who follow ATIS advice, while the second unguided travelers were referred to as the unequipped travelers and the equipped travelers who do not follow the ATIS advice(also referred to as non-complied travelers). Travelers were assumed to take travel time, congestion pricing, and travel time reliability into account when making travel route choice decisions. In order to arrive at on time, travelers needed to allow for a safety margin to their trip.The market penetration of ATIS was determined by a continuous increasing function of the information benefit, and the ATIS compliance rate of equipped travelers was given as the probability of the actually experienced travel costs of guided travelers less than or equal to those of unguided travelers. The analysis results could enhance our understanding of the effect of travel demand level and travel time reliability confidence level on the ATIS market penetration and compliance rate; and the effect of travel time perception variation of guided and unguided travelers on the mean travel cost savings(MTCS) of the equipped travelers, the ATIS market penetration, compliance rate, and the total network effective travel time(TNETT).

Study of Water Relations and Solutes Accumulation in Two Rice Genotypes under NaCI Stress during Seedling Stage

In order to study osmotic adjustment and accumulation of anions and cations in rice （Oryza sativa L.） seedlings under NaCl stress, a greenhouse experiment was conducted using two rice cultivars including IR651 （tolerant） and IR29 （sensitive）. Seedlings were grown in Youshida nutrient solution. Salinity treatments were imposed 21 days after sowing with 0 and 100 mM NaCI and seedlings were harvested 0, 72, 120 and 240 hour after salinization. Water （ψw） and osmotic （ψs） potentials, total soluble sugars and inorganic ions （Na＋. K＋, Cl-, Ca2＋ and Mg2＋） concentrations and osmotic adjustment were determined in sixth （youngest） leaf. Salinity caused a substantial biomass reduction in rice seedlings, ψs reduction in IR29 was occurred more than IR651. Water potential decreased in both the cultivars under stress conditions, but IR651 was able to maintain higher ψw and kept better growth till the end of the experiment. Osmotic adjustment was observed in IR651 was about 10 times more than in IR29. K＋ accumulation decreased in both cultivars under stress condition while Na＋ accumulation increased in both the cultivars with higher increase in IR29 seedlings. CI concentration increased in youngest leaf of both IR29 and IR651. Our results showed that tolerant cultivar was able to make osmotic adjustment faster than the sensitive cultivar using high accumulation of solutes especially total soluble sugars.

Emergy Analysis of Typical Decentralized Rural Sewage Treatment System: A Case Study of Soil Rapid Infiltration in Qingdao, China

Decentralized sewage treatment systems are commonly used in rural areas of China because these systems are low cost, easy maintenance and high efficiency. However, as awareness of the importance of sus- tainable development has increased, questions concerning how to evaluate the sustainability of these systems has become a key point. In this study, emergy analysis is applied to evaluate the soil rapid infiltration for a decentralized rural sewage treatment plant that is located in Dongzhuangtou village, Qingdao, China. The results show that the environmental load ratio and the emergy sustainability index of the system are 0.07 and 242.88, respectively. The net economic benefit is 2.17E＋18 sej·year^-1 when converted into solar emjoule. Compared to other treatment systems, the environmental load ratio of the system is lower, and the emergy sustainability index is higher. This study reveals the reuse of treated water can produce great economic benefits in the soil rapid infiltration system. The environmental impact of the system is lower, and the sustainability is higher than that of other treatment systems. This result provides a quantitative evaluation of the sustainable development of rural sewage treatment systems in China.

Control of favorable lithology on Jinlongshan micro-fine disseminated gold deposits, southern Qinling Mountains

Jinlongshan gold orebelt, a newly discovered one in sedimentary rock region in southern Qinling Mountains, is mainly located in upper Devonian and lower Carboniferous calcareous siltstone and argillic silty limestone of later Paleozoic era. Typical disseminated gold mineralization occurred in calcareous siltstone, which is major host rock and mainly composed of silt (SiO2 mostly varies from 38% to 73%) and calcite (CaO mostly varies from 10% to 25%). Pyrite created by living beings in Nanyangshan formation may be poor in gold. Faults and favorable layers jointly control disseminated gold mineralization. The significance of this opinion is very great for gold exploration.