开放式空气CO_2浓度升高对水稻土壤可溶性C、N和P的影响

采用FACE(Free air carbon dioxide enrichment)技术,研究了不同N施肥水平下,大气CO2浓度升高对水稻/小麦轮作中水稻土壤可溶性C、N、P的影响.结果表明,CO2浓度升高使土壤表层可溶性C含量增加,土壤5～15 cm的可溶性C含量倾向于降低,增加N肥施用(常规N处理)更易于使土壤可溶性C含量降低.CO2浓度升高使水稻土壤中的可溶性N含量降低,在低N处理和土壤表层降低幅度较大,N肥施用仍有提高的余地.CO2浓度升高使水稻成熟期土壤可溶性P含量增加,但是常规N处理下会降低水稻生长前期和土壤表层的可溶性P,增加N肥施用有利于水稻对P的吸收.

不同氮水平下CO_2浓度升高对小麦土壤可溶性C、N和P的影响

采用FACE(Free air carbon dioxide enrichment)技术,研究了不同N施肥水平下,大气CO2浓度升高对稻/麦轮作小麦季土壤可溶性C、N、P的影响.结果表明,高CO2使土壤可溶性C在小麦前期和0～5 cm土层降低,成熟期增加,对水稻和小麦不同轮作季土壤可溶性C的影响不同.在低N和常规N处理下,高CO2使小麦分蘖期土壤可溶性N含量分别增加17.2%和18.9%,在其他生长期,土壤可溶性N含量降低9.8%～63.0%,拔节期降低幅度最大分别为63.0%和50.4%,土层0～5 cm降低幅度＞5～15 cm土层;小麦季和水稻季一样需要增加N肥施用量.CO2浓度升高增加了土壤可溶性P的含量,其中低N处理增加幅度高于常规N处理,研究表明小麦生长不会受到P养分的限制.

三峡库区水体中可溶性C、N变化及影响因素

为了解三峡库区水体中可溶性C、N的变化,本研究于2011年3月至2012年8月在三峡水库涪陵段进行了每周一次的水样采集,分析其中可溶性C、N成分的变化及其来源特征.结果表明,库区水中DOC浓度范围为0.64~9.07 mg·L^(-1),且有明显的季节变化,表现为:夏季>春季、秋季>冬季,DOC年入库总量为1.78×109kg,入库量具有与浓度相似的季节变化趋势;DTN的浓度范围为2.59~4.35 mg·L^(-1),春季>冬季>夏季>秋季,年入库总量为1.32×109kg,入库量的季节变化特征:夏季>秋季>春季>冬季,其中DON、NO-3-N分别占DTN的30.35%~63.45%、35.87%~67.72%.DOC受降水和温度的影响明显,水中DOC主要来自外源输入,春季、夏季降雨径流其外源输入量增加,而秋季、冬季则内源贡献有所增加;DTN受人为排放和水体稀释的影响相对较大.相关分析表明,DOC与DON呈显著负相关(P<0.05),通常以DOC/DON比值反映水中DOM的来源,库区DOC/DON范围为0.35~7.28,DOM来源具有明显的季节特征.夏季DOC/DON较高,DOM主要来自流域侵蚀;冬季DOC/DON较低,DOM主要来自生活污水排放和内源现场产生;春季、秋季DOC/DON介于两者之间,DOM来源包括流域侵蚀、生活污水排放及现场产生等.

Effect of Different Fertilization Patterns on Carbon and Nitrogen Components of Tobacco Topsoil

In order to explore the fertilizing ways and dynamic changes of soil carbon and nitrogen in the main producing areas of tobacco in Guizhou,research was conducted to study the variations of dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen,total organic carbon and nitrogen and their ratio of tobacco-topsoil in organic fertilization pattern and conventional cultivation pattern （No fertilizer as control） by pot experiment.The results were as follows：（1） The effects of different fertilization patterns on soil dissolved organic carbon and nitrogen and total organic carbon and nitrogen were significantly different.The content of DOC,DON,TOC and TON in tobaccotopsoil was decreased with the advancing of growth period in conventional fertilization pattern.In the conventional fertilization pattern,the accumulation of DOC and TOC was increased first and then decreased,and the accumulation of DON and TON was decreased first and then increased.（2） The TOC content at the different growing stage and DOC content at the middle and later stage of tobacco were significantly improved in organic fertilization patterns.The accumulation of DON and TON in the conventional fertilization pattern was significantly higher than those in the organic fertilizer pattern and control at the rosette stage and vigorous stage.In the harvest period,the content of DOC,DON,TOC and TON of tobacco-topsoil in the conventional fertilization and organic fertilization pattern was significantly higher than those in the control.（3）The DOC/DON ratio and the TOC/TiON ratio was increased gradually with the advancing of growth period in conventional fertilization pattern,but they were increased first and then decreased in the organic fertilization pattern and CK.The DOC/DON and TOC/TON ratio of tobacco-topsoil in different fertilization patterns was showed as Y J＞ CK＞ CG at the different growing stage.The experiment results revealed that：The organic fertilization pattern may improve significantly the accumulation of DOC,DON,TOC and TON of tobacco-topsoil at the middle and later stage and the DOC/DON and TOC/TON ratio at the different growth stage.It contributed to the continuous and balanced supply of nutrients at the middle and later stage of tobacco and the soil fertility.