为了处理系统验证中大量存在的不确定性,国内学者将可能性理论引入到模型检测中,提出了广义可能性Kriple结构。广义可能性Kriple结构有着较好的应用前景,但有许多问题需要解决。其中的一个问题是,如何高效便捷地建立广义可能性Kriple结...为了处理系统验证中大量存在的不确定性,国内学者将可能性理论引入到模型检测中,提出了广义可能性Kriple结构。广义可能性Kriple结构有着较好的应用前景,但有许多问题需要解决。其中的一个问题是,如何高效便捷地建立广义可能性Kriple结构的数学模型。为了给广义可能性Kriple结构中的模糊事件提供一种便捷方便的建模方法,在建模的过程中引入具有三种否定的广义模糊集(Generalized Fuzzy Sets with Contradictory,Opposite and Medium negation,GFScom),给出了广义可能性Kriple结构中的模糊事件的建模方法。应用实例表明所提方法是有效、可行的。展开更多
This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it poi...This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it points out the solution, i.e., to implement integrated resources planning (IRP)/demand side management (DSM), and gives some recommendations on the way of implementing IRP/DSM.展开更多
This study discusses high-carbon characteristics, the unsustainability of China's development, and the fact that China needs to transform its development mode. China's low-carbon transition must include indust...This study discusses high-carbon characteristics, the unsustainability of China's development, and the fact that China needs to transform its development mode. China's low-carbon transition must include industry structure adjustment, energy saving and efficiency increases, energy structure improvement, carbon sink development, adaptation capability, and low-carbon pilot schemes.Low-carbon urbanization is a key measure in China's low-carbon transition. China's urbanization faces high-carbon risks. Thus, this study presents a roadmap for transforming urbanization into a low-carbon one. The transition to low-carbon urbanization is a common trend in the developing world. There is a lot of room for international cooperation.展开更多
The self-similar multiplicative theory(SSM theory), aims to interpret the scaling behavior of the temperature structure function. In the present paper, the author report results from a numerical simulation of atmosphe...The self-similar multiplicative theory(SSM theory), aims to interpret the scaling behavior of the temperature structure function. In the present paper, the author report results from a numerical simulation of atmospheric turbulent convection in order to verify this theory. The simulation was based on a shell model which was deduced from simplified atmospheric convection equations. The numerical results agreed well with the theory prediction of scaling law from the first order to the eighth order. They also showed that the prediction of this theory was better than that given by the Kolmogorov's theory in 1941, log-normal, and β model theories.展开更多
There are several important generalizations of martingales such as games fairer with time, quasi-mils and sequential martingales in the limit. In the note, we shall consider all possible structures of a probability sp...There are several important generalizations of martingales such as games fairer with time, quasi-mils and sequential martingales in the limit. In the note, we shall consider all possible structures of a probability space （Ω,A, （An）, P） associated with a stochastic basis（An） of sub a-fields of A with An ↑ A. Then, we shall apply them to establish some comparison results for the aforementioned generalizations of martingales.展开更多
高考读后续写评分的关注点张春青:对于写作题型的关注点,除了如何教,就是如何评价了,评价往往决定教学的方向,我们戏称为The tail wags the dog。姜建军老师和费胜昌老师有非常丰富的评分经验,下面请两位谈谈评分的主要关注点。姜建军:...高考读后续写评分的关注点张春青:对于写作题型的关注点,除了如何教,就是如何评价了,评价往往决定教学的方向,我们戏称为The tail wags the dog。姜建军老师和费胜昌老师有非常丰富的评分经验,下面请两位谈谈评分的主要关注点。姜建军:高考试卷中读后续写题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。各档次的给分范围和要求见表1。段湘萍:如何理解这其中的关键词汇呢,如融洽度高、衔接合理?姜建军:以2016年10月高考试题为例,展开更多
This paper introduces the background,illustrates the hardware structure and software features of malicious base station,explains its work principle,presents a method of detecting malicious base station,analyses the ex...This paper introduces the background,illustrates the hardware structure and software features of malicious base station,explains its work principle,presents a method of detecting malicious base station,analyses the experiment and evaluates the experimental results to verify the reliability of this method.Finally proposes the future work.展开更多
The Oscillating Water Column(OWC) wave energy convertor with the advantage of its simple geometrical construction and excellent stability is widely employed.Recently,perforated breakwaters have been often used as they...The Oscillating Water Column(OWC) wave energy convertor with the advantage of its simple geometrical construction and excellent stability is widely employed.Recently,perforated breakwaters have been often used as they can effectively reduce the wave reflection from and wave forces acting on the structures.Considering the similarity between the compartment of perforated caisson and the air chamber of OWC wave energy convertor,a new perforated caisson of breakwater is designed in this paper.The ordinary caisson is modified by installing facilities similar to the air chamber of OWC converter,but here they are utilized to dissipate the wave energy inside the caisson.Such an arrangement improves the stability of the caisson and reduces the construction cost by using the compartment of perforated caisson like using an air chamber.This innovation has both academic significance and important engineering value.For a new type of caisson,reliability analysis of the structure is necessary.Linear potential flow theory is applied to calculate the horizontal wave force acting on the caisson.The calculated results are compared with experimental data,showing the feasibility of the method.The Importance Sampling Procedure(ISP) is used to analyse the reliability of this caisson breakwater.展开更多
Some energy experts believe that solar energy photovoltaic power generation is hopeful to be applied in a large amount and possesses a certain proportion in the structure of energy in the future. In this paper, based ...Some energy experts believe that solar energy photovoltaic power generation is hopeful to be applied in a large amount and possesses a certain proportion in the structure of energy in the future. In this paper, based on the forecasting of electric load demand and energy structure of power generation in the middle of 21 century, the pictures of VLS-PV power genera- tion is composed, the operation characteristic of VLS-PV power generation and the adaptability of electric power grid for it is analyzed, the ways for transmitting large amount of PV power and the economic and technical bottlenecks for applying VLS-PV power generation are discussed. Finally, the steps and suggestions for developing VLS-PV power generation and its electric power system in China are proposed.展开更多
In recent years,China has made significant achievements in optimizing its energy structure and tapping into renewable energy.Wind power,in particular,has been doubled in its development year by year between 2005-2009....In recent years,China has made significant achievements in optimizing its energy structure and tapping into renewable energy.Wind power,in particular,has been doubled in its development year by year between 2005-2009.However,wind power develops too fast,which is not harmonious with the power system,the industry structure and the policy mechanism.Therefore,it is necessary to find the fundamental causes for the issue.Based on the inherent features and practical issues of wind power development in China,the role of wind power in energy development is put forward through probing logically into three perspectives,i.e.energy utilization,energy development and the ultimate objectives of wind power development.The current wind power development should be grounded on the improvement of wind power industrialization system,the smart grid and the research on new energy storage technology so as to lay firm foundations for large-scale development of wind power in the future.展开更多
文摘为了处理系统验证中大量存在的不确定性,国内学者将可能性理论引入到模型检测中,提出了广义可能性Kriple结构。广义可能性Kriple结构有着较好的应用前景,但有许多问题需要解决。其中的一个问题是,如何高效便捷地建立广义可能性Kriple结构的数学模型。为了给广义可能性Kriple结构中的模糊事件提供一种便捷方便的建模方法,在建模的过程中引入具有三种否定的广义模糊集(Generalized Fuzzy Sets with Contradictory,Opposite and Medium negation,GFScom),给出了广义可能性Kriple结构中的模糊事件的建模方法。应用实例表明所提方法是有效、可行的。
文摘This paper introduces the energy consumption status in China, elaborate the affects of the unreasonable energy consumption structure on energy environment and sustainable development of economy. Simultaneously, it points out the solution, i.e., to implement integrated resources planning (IRP)/demand side management (DSM), and gives some recommendations on the way of implementing IRP/DSM.
文摘This study discusses high-carbon characteristics, the unsustainability of China's development, and the fact that China needs to transform its development mode. China's low-carbon transition must include industry structure adjustment, energy saving and efficiency increases, energy structure improvement, carbon sink development, adaptation capability, and low-carbon pilot schemes.Low-carbon urbanization is a key measure in China's low-carbon transition. China's urbanization faces high-carbon risks. Thus, this study presents a roadmap for transforming urbanization into a low-carbon one. The transition to low-carbon urbanization is a common trend in the developing world. There is a lot of room for international cooperation.
基金supported by the strategy guide for the specific task of the Chinese Academy of Sciences: Carbon-budget Certification to Deal with Climate Change and Relevant Issues (Grant No. XDA05000000)Big Tower Certification System and Comprehensive Observation (Grant No. XDA05040301)
文摘The self-similar multiplicative theory(SSM theory), aims to interpret the scaling behavior of the temperature structure function. In the present paper, the author report results from a numerical simulation of atmospheric turbulent convection in order to verify this theory. The simulation was based on a shell model which was deduced from simplified atmospheric convection equations. The numerical results agreed well with the theory prediction of scaling law from the first order to the eighth order. They also showed that the prediction of this theory was better than that given by the Kolmogorov's theory in 1941, log-normal, and β model theories.
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of the Education Department of Henan province(200510483002)
文摘There are several important generalizations of martingales such as games fairer with time, quasi-mils and sequential martingales in the limit. In the note, we shall consider all possible structures of a probability space （Ω,A, （An）, P） associated with a stochastic basis（An） of sub a-fields of A with An ↑ A. Then, we shall apply them to establish some comparison results for the aforementioned generalizations of martingales.
文摘高考读后续写评分的关注点张春青:对于写作题型的关注点,除了如何教,就是如何评价了,评价往往决定教学的方向,我们戏称为The tail wags the dog。姜建军老师和费胜昌老师有非常丰富的评分经验,下面请两位谈谈评分的主要关注点。姜建军:高考试卷中读后续写题总分为25分,按5个档次给分。各档次的给分范围和要求见表1。段湘萍:如何理解这其中的关键词汇呢,如融洽度高、衔接合理?姜建军:以2016年10月高考试题为例,
文摘This paper introduces the background,illustrates the hardware structure and software features of malicious base station,explains its work principle,presents a method of detecting malicious base station,analyses the experiment and evaluates the experimental results to verify the reliability of this method.Finally proposes the future work.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 4087-6047)
文摘The Oscillating Water Column(OWC) wave energy convertor with the advantage of its simple geometrical construction and excellent stability is widely employed.Recently,perforated breakwaters have been often used as they can effectively reduce the wave reflection from and wave forces acting on the structures.Considering the similarity between the compartment of perforated caisson and the air chamber of OWC wave energy convertor,a new perforated caisson of breakwater is designed in this paper.The ordinary caisson is modified by installing facilities similar to the air chamber of OWC converter,but here they are utilized to dissipate the wave energy inside the caisson.Such an arrangement improves the stability of the caisson and reduces the construction cost by using the compartment of perforated caisson like using an air chamber.This innovation has both academic significance and important engineering value.For a new type of caisson,reliability analysis of the structure is necessary.Linear potential flow theory is applied to calculate the horizontal wave force acting on the caisson.The calculated results are compared with experimental data,showing the feasibility of the method.The Importance Sampling Procedure(ISP) is used to analyse the reliability of this caisson breakwater.
文摘Some energy experts believe that solar energy photovoltaic power generation is hopeful to be applied in a large amount and possesses a certain proportion in the structure of energy in the future. In this paper, based on the forecasting of electric load demand and energy structure of power generation in the middle of 21 century, the pictures of VLS-PV power genera- tion is composed, the operation characteristic of VLS-PV power generation and the adaptability of electric power grid for it is analyzed, the ways for transmitting large amount of PV power and the economic and technical bottlenecks for applying VLS-PV power generation are discussed. Finally, the steps and suggestions for developing VLS-PV power generation and its electric power system in China are proposed.
文摘In recent years,China has made significant achievements in optimizing its energy structure and tapping into renewable energy.Wind power,in particular,has been doubled in its development year by year between 2005-2009.However,wind power develops too fast,which is not harmonious with the power system,the industry structure and the policy mechanism.Therefore,it is necessary to find the fundamental causes for the issue.Based on the inherent features and practical issues of wind power development in China,the role of wind power in energy development is put forward through probing logically into three perspectives,i.e.energy utilization,energy development and the ultimate objectives of wind power development.The current wind power development should be grounded on the improvement of wind power industrialization system,the smart grid and the research on new energy storage technology so as to lay firm foundations for large-scale development of wind power in the future.
