Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of superficial esophageal cancer has been increasingly used as an alternative to surgery because it is minimally invasiveand has a high rate of en bloc resection. However, a high...Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of superficial esophageal cancer has been increasingly used as an alternative to surgery because it is minimally invasiveand has a high rate of en bloc resection. However, a high rate of esophageal stricture is observed after ESD for large lesions, which can dramatically decrease the patient's quality of life. Stricture prevention is necessary to allow for endoscopic therapy to expand. We, herein, review the most recent evidence and discuss the role of the metallic self-expandable stent and the biodegradable stent in esophageal stricture prevention. Limited studies suggested that prophylactic stenting could reduce the stricture rate without increasing the number of complications. In addition, the number of bougie dilation procedures was significantly lower with stent placement. Esophageal stenting is a promising option for post-ESD stricture prevention. However, current evidence is too preliminary to formulate practice standards. Future studies are needed to further validate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic stenting and determine the best strategy for stricture prevention. Stent migration is the most common complication. A new stent that has advantages of a low migration rate and minimal tissue reaction will need to be developed. Therefore, randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up periods are required before prophylactic stenting could be considered a valid option to prevent post-ESD stricture.展开更多
The aim of this research is to develop a representative model which simulates the performance of a biofilter used to treat drinking water.A steady-sate model is applied.The Monod-type substrate utilization is used,and...The aim of this research is to develop a representative model which simulates the performance of a biofilter used to treat drinking water.A steady-sate model is applied.The Monod-type substrate utilization is used,and the external and the internal mass transfer are neglected in this model.The model describes the process of substrate biodegradation,bacterial attachment onto filter media,and detachment of suspended bacteria.It simulates the natural organic matter (NOM) and biomass profiles in a biofilter as a function of filter depth and filtration velocity.The key biokinetic parameters k and KS are estimated through a special experiment.The results of the model testing show that the model prediction agrees well with the experimental展开更多
文摘Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) of superficial esophageal cancer has been increasingly used as an alternative to surgery because it is minimally invasiveand has a high rate of en bloc resection. However, a high rate of esophageal stricture is observed after ESD for large lesions, which can dramatically decrease the patient's quality of life. Stricture prevention is necessary to allow for endoscopic therapy to expand. We, herein, review the most recent evidence and discuss the role of the metallic self-expandable stent and the biodegradable stent in esophageal stricture prevention. Limited studies suggested that prophylactic stenting could reduce the stricture rate without increasing the number of complications. In addition, the number of bougie dilation procedures was significantly lower with stent placement. Esophageal stenting is a promising option for post-ESD stricture prevention. However, current evidence is too preliminary to formulate practice standards. Future studies are needed to further validate the efficacy and safety of prophylactic stenting and determine the best strategy for stricture prevention. Stent migration is the most common complication. A new stent that has advantages of a low migration rate and minimal tissue reaction will need to be developed. Therefore, randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up periods are required before prophylactic stenting could be considered a valid option to prevent post-ESD stricture.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50638020)Science-Technology Creation Plan for Graduate Students of Jiangsu Province of China(No.1061B06013)
文摘The aim of this research is to develop a representative model which simulates the performance of a biofilter used to treat drinking water.A steady-sate model is applied.The Monod-type substrate utilization is used,and the external and the internal mass transfer are neglected in this model.The model describes the process of substrate biodegradation,bacterial attachment onto filter media,and detachment of suspended bacteria.It simulates the natural organic matter (NOM) and biomass profiles in a biofilter as a function of filter depth and filtration velocity.The key biokinetic parameters k and KS are estimated through a special experiment.The results of the model testing show that the model prediction agrees well with the experimental
