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阅读教学的目标引领策略
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作者 李彩香 《教师博览(下旬刊)》 2015年第5期39-40,共2页
教学目标,是解决课堂引领学生“去哪里”的问题。可实践中,普通老师往往不重视教学目标的设定、修订,在目标没有明确树立的情况下。急于进入教学设计环节,导致教学活动目标模糊,实效性差。因此,精心修订目标,并从六方面考量,让... 教学目标,是解决课堂引领学生“去哪里”的问题。可实践中,普通老师往往不重视教学目标的设定、修订,在目标没有明确树立的情况下。急于进入教学设计环节,导致教学活动目标模糊,实效性差。因此,精心修订目标,并从六方面考量,让目标引领教学活动.守望阅读教学的本真显得尤为重要。 展开更多
关键词 目标修订 六条依据 可观可测 守望本真
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Timing issues in distributed testing
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作者 HUANG Chuan-dong JIANG Fan 《Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2007年第4期522-528,共7页
The objective of conformance testing is to determine whether an implementation under test (IUT) conforms to its specification. In distributed test architecture where there are multiple remote testers, the objective ca... The objective of conformance testing is to determine whether an implementation under test (IUT) conforms to its specification. In distributed test architecture where there are multiple remote testers, the objective can be complicated by the fact that testers may encounter controllability and observability problems during the application of a test sequence. A certain amount of work has been done in the area of generating test sequence that is free from these problems. However, few researchers investigate them from the aspect of test execution. This work studies the test execution phase when test sequences are applied to the imple- mentation and it is pointed out that controllability and observability problems can be resolved if and only if the test system im- plements some timing constraints. When determining these constraints, the dynamic time information during test is taken into account, which reduces the test execution time and improves test efficiency further. 展开更多
关键词 Conformance testing Distributed system CONTROLLABILITY OBSERVABILITY Reaction time
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On Observability and Detectability of Continuous-Time Stochastic Markov Jump Systems 被引量:2
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作者 TAN Cheng ZHANG Weihai 《Journal of Systems Science & Complexity》 SCIE EI CSCD 2015年第4期830-847,共18页
This paper mainly studies observability and detectability for continuous-time stochastic Markov jump systems.Two concepts called W-observability and W-detectability for such systems are introduced,which are shown to c... This paper mainly studies observability and detectability for continuous-time stochastic Markov jump systems.Two concepts called W-observability and W-detectability for such systems are introduced,which are shown to coincide with various notions of observability and detectability reported recently in literature,such as exact observability,exact detectability and detectability.Besides,by introducing an accumulated energy function,some efficient criteria and interesting properties for both W-observability and W-detectability are obtained. 展开更多
关键词 Continuous-time stochastic system DETECTABILITY Markov jump observability.
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Null Controllability for Some Systems of Two Backward Stochastic Heat Equations with One Control Force
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作者 Hongheng LI Qi LÜ 《Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series B》 SCIE CSCD 2012年第6期909-918,共10页
Abstract The authors establish the null controllability for some systems coupled by two backward stochastic heat equations. The desired controllability result is obtained by means of proving a suitable observability e... Abstract The authors establish the null controllability for some systems coupled by two backward stochastic heat equations. The desired controllability result is obtained by means of proving a suitable observability estimate for the dual system of the controlled system. 展开更多
关键词 Backward stochastic heat equation Null controllability Observabilityestimate
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