你可记得画册

周末的街头行人如织．最多的是年轻漂亮的女孩子．她们三五成群地走在一起，脸上都是如花灿烂的笑容．她们都背包包，单间的．斜挎的，手提的．拉链的．按扣的．或者是索性大方敞开的。

Comparison of Newly Synthetic Hexaploid Wheat with Its Donors on SSR Products

Microsatellites or SSRs as powerful genetic markers have widely been used in genetics and evolutionary biology in common wheat. Because of the high polymorphism, newly synthesized hexaploid wheat has been used in the construction of genetic segregation population for SSR markers, However, data on the evolution of microsatellites during the polyploidization event of hexaploid wheat are limited. In this study, 66 pairs of specific to A/B genome SSR patterns among newly synthesized hexaploid wheat, the donor tetraploid wheat and Aegilops tauschii were compared. The results indicated that most SSR markers were conserved during the polyploidization events of newly synthetic hexaploid wheat, from Triticum turgidum and Ae. tauschii. Over 70% A/B genome specific SSR markers could amplify the SSR sequences from the D genome ofAe. tauschii. Most amplified fragments from Ae, tauschii were detected in synthetic hexaploid at corresponding positions with the same sizes and patterns as in its parental Ae. tauschii. This suggested that these SSR markers, specific for A/B genome in common wheat, could amplify SSR products of D genome besides A/B genome in the newly synthesized hexaploid wheat, that is, these SSR primers specific for A/B genome in common wheat were nonspecific for the A/B genome in the synthetic hexaploid wheat. In addition, one amplified Ae. tauschii product was not detected in the newly synthetic hexaploid wheat. An extra-amplified product was found in the newly synthetic hexaploid wheat. These results suggested that caution should be taken when using SSR marker to genotype newly synthetic hexaploid wheat.

Uniform Representation Model for Metadata of Data Warehouse

A uniform metadata representation is introduced for heterogeneous databases, multi media information and other information sources. Some features about metadata are analyzed. The limitation of existing metadata model is compared with the new one. The metadata model is described in XML which is fit for metadata denotation and exchange. The well structured data, semi structured data and those exterior file data without structure are described in the metadata model. The model provides feasibility and extensibility for constructing uniform metadata model of data warehouse.

A method for publishing relational schema into DTD

This paper focuses on exporting relational data into extensible markup language (XML). First, the characteristics of both relational schemas represented by E-R diagrams and XML document type definitions (DTDs) are analyzed. Secondly, the corresponding mapping rules are proposed. At last an algorithm based on edge tables is presented. There are two key points in the algorithm. One is that the edge table is used to store the information of the relational dictionary, and this brings about the efficiency of the algorithm. The other is that structural information can be obtained from the resulting DTDs and other applications can optimize their query processes using the structural information.

A study on the feasibility of CET oral test based on automatic essay marking

This paper discusses the approach to the CET （college English test） oral test based on automatic essay marking （AEM）. The reliability and validity arouses a dispute on Internet-based CET （iB-CET） oral test in China, leading to the penetration into oral test contents in dialogue, description or comment, and question answering. Then, a probe into transformation from a spoken document into a textual document is touched on a conversion ratio of 72% adopted at the present time, AEM to be carried forward being a necessary hypothesis for Afterwards, this paper focuses on the pipeline in AEM with the content features and the language itself, which is established in two different models in marking for extraction and detection. Through experiments, this paper reveals the fact that an iB-CET oral test can be performed perfectly in the pipeline of spoken documents transformed into textual documents which can be automatically marked. Hence the design of the iB-CET oral test reaches its reliability and validity.

Genetic Relationships Among Soluble Carbohydrates, Anthocyanins and Growth Characteristics in Leymus (Gramineae) Detected with Molecular Markers

Low-temperature soluble carbohydrate accumulations are commonly associated with anthocyanin coloration, attenuated growth and cold adaptation of cool-season grasses. The vrn-1 gene has potent effects on vernalization requirement, growth, and soluble carbohydrate accumulations of the winter-annual Triticeae species. Two hundred and four unmapped AFLP markers and genome-specific DNA markers genetically linked to the vrn-1 gene were used to detect QTL controlling soluble carbohydrate accumulations, anthocyanin coloration and growth characteristics in a segregating population derived from open pollinated Leymus cinereus x L. triticoides hybrids. These perennial Triticeae grasses are distinguished by adaptation and growth habit. As expected, positive trait correlations and pleiotropic gene effects were detected for soluble carbohydrate accumulations and anthocyanin coloration. Likewise, positive trait correlations and pleiotropic gene effects were detected for tillering, leaf development, leaf growth, regrowth and rhizome spread. However, soluble carbohydrate accumulations were not associated with attenuated growth. In fact, several DNA marker alleles, including one near vrn-Ns1, had positive effects on soluble leaf carbohydrate concentrations and low temperature growth. The corresponding DNA marker near vrn-Ns1 had more specific effects on tillering. We speculate that vrn-1 exerts quantitative effects on low-temperature soluble leaf carbohydrate accumulations and growth habit of the perennial Leymus. However, a number of other DNA markers displayed highly significant effects on soluble carbohydrate accumulations and various growth characteristics. Findings indicate that anthocyanin coloration may be a useful phenotypic marker for soluble carbohydrate accumulation. Although variation for soluble carbohydrates was not associated with attenuated growth in this population, this trait was under genetic control.

Design and Realization of Metadata Standard for Informationized Construction of the Auxiliary Shaft in Longgu Mine

Based on the analysis of status quo of metadata technology and the informationized freezing construction of an auxiliary shaft in Longgu mine, the necessity and feasibility of applying metadata standards for informationized construction is discussed. The prototype of metadata standard for the construction is designed and established by using a modeling method, and the framework with XML/RDF for such standard is given.

Ischemic or toxic injury: A challenging diagnosis and treatment of drug-induced stenosis of the sigmoid colon

A 48-year-old woman was admitted with 15-mo history of abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia, and 5-mo history of defecation difficulty. She had been successively admitted to nine hospitals, with an initial diagnosis of inflammatory bowel disease with stenotic sigmoid colon. Findings from computed tomography virtual colonoscopy, radiography with meglumine diatrizoate, endoscopic balloon dilatation, metallic stent implantation and later overall colonoscopy, coupled with the newfound knowledge of compound Qingdai pill-taking, led to a subsequent diagnosis of ischemic or toxic bowel disease with sigmoid colon stenosis. The patient was successfully treated by laparoscopic sigmoid colectomy, and postoperative pathological examination revealed ischemic or toxic injury of the sigmoid colon, providing a final diagnosis of druginduced sigmoid colon stenosis. This case highlights that adequate awareness of drug-induced colon stenosis has a decisive role in avoiding misdiagnosis and mistreatment. The diagnostic and therapeutic experiences learnt from this case suggest that endoscopic balloon expansion and colonic metallic stent implantation as bridge treatments were demonstrated as crucial for the differential diagnosis of benign colonic stenosis. Skillful surgical technique and appropriate perioperative management helped to ensure the safety of our patient in subsequent surgery after long-term use of glucocorticoids.

Design of the XML Security System for Electronic Commerce Application

The invocation of World Wide Web (www) first triggered mass adoption of the Internet for public access to digital information exchanges across the globe. To get a big market on the Web, a special security infrastructure would need to be put into place transforming the wild-and-woolly Internet into a network with end-to-end protections. XML (extensible Markup Language) is widely accepted as powerful data representation standard for electronic documents, so a security mechanism for XML documents must be provided in the first place to secure electronic commerce over Internet. In this paper the authors design and implement a secure framework that provides XML signature function, XML Element-wise Encryption function, smart card based crypto API library and Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) security functions to achieve confidentiality, integrity, message authentication, and/or signer authentication services for XML documents and existing non-XML documents that are exchanged by Internet for E-commerce application.

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and soluble adhesion molecules as possible prognostic markers of the efficacy of antiviral treatment in chronic hepatitis C

AIM:To explain the role of Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) and soluble adhesion molecules in chronic hepatitis C during the treatment of interferon alpha (IFNα) 2 b and ribavirin (RBV). METHODS:Concentrations of MCP-1,soluble adhesion molecules intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1),sP- selectin,interleukin (IL) 6,and IL10 in serum were estimated in the group of 40 patients with chronic hepatitis C treated with IFNalpha2 b and RBV in 0,16,32,48 wk of the therapy, RESULTS:In chronic hepatitis C,before and during the treatment,the serum levels of MCP-1 and sP-selectin in responders were similar to those of healthy subjects.In non- responders (NR),MCP-1 increased in the course of IFNc^+RBV treatment,differences were statistically significant as compared to responders.MCP-1 correlated statistically with the activity of periportal inflammation (r=0.35,P<0.05) but not with staging of liver fibrosis,sICAM-1 positively correlated with inflammatory activity and fibrosis in NR.sP-selectin did not correlate with histological findings in the liver.The MCP-1 correlated with the soluble form of sP-selectin concentrations (r= 6,P<0.001) and with IL-10 level in NR (r=0.4,P<0.05).There was no correlation observed between the concentration of MCP-1 and sICAM-1,IL-6 during the treatment. CONCLUSION:MCP-1 concentration may be a prognostic marker of the efficacy of IFN+RBV therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Availability of Myoglobin as a Molecular Marker for Phylogenetic Relationships of Fish

In order to elucidate the phylogenetic relationship of fish, DNA and deduced amino acid sequences of myoglobin （Mb） were used for the phylogenetic analyses based on different approaches, namely, maximum likelihood （ML）, neighbor joining （NJ）, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic means （UPGMA） and maximum parsimony （MP） methods in comparison with the conventional molecular markers, mitochondrial cytochrome b （cyt-b） and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I （COI）. The phylogenetic trees drawn based on Mb sequences were similar to those by the traditional classification based on the other molecular markers. The primary and secondary structures, as well as the modeled tertiary structures of Mbs were similar to each other, but were clearly distinguishable among those species. Such differences in structure would be associated with adaptation of Mb molecule to the physiological conditions of each species. These results suggest that Mb can be a molecular marker for the phylogenetic relationship of fish.

A web product data management system based on Simple Object Access Protocol

A new web product data management architecture is presented. The three-tier web architecture and Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) are combined to build the web-based product data management (PDM) system which includes three tiers: the user services tier, the business services tier, and the data services tier. The client service component uses the server-side technology, and Extensible Markup Language (XML) web service which uses SOAP as the communication protocol is chosen as the business service component. To illustrate how to build a web-based PDM system using the proposed architecture, a case PDM system which included three logical tires was built. To use the security and central management features of the database, a stored procedure was recommended in the data services tier. The business object was implemented as an XML web service so that client could use standard internet protocols to communicate with the business object from any platform. In order to satisfy users using all sorts of browser, the server-side technology and Microsoft ASP.NET was used to create the dynamic user interface.

MEXIR： An Implementation of High Performance and High Precision on XML Retrieval

Traditional information retrieval systems respond to user queries with ranked lists of relevant documents. Since, XML （Extensible Markup Language） documents separate content and structure; XML-IR （information retrieval） systems are able to retrieve only the relevant portions of documents. Therefore, users who utilize an XML-IR system could potentially receive highly relevant and precise material. We have developed the XML information retrieval system by using MySQL and Sphinx, which we call MEXIR. In our system, XML documents are stored into one table that has fixed relational schema. The schema is independent of the logical structure of XML documents. Each node in XML documents is represented by labels that express the positions in XML tree, namely ADXPI scheme. Our system has performance experiments on INEX collections and shown an average up to four seconds better than GPX. In addition, it has been reduced the size of the data down by 82.29 % compare to GPX system.

Narratives of Spatial Division： The Role of Social Memory in Shaping Urban Space in Belfast

The paper examines the role of shared spaces in divided cities in promoting future sustainable communities and spaces described as inclusive to all. It addresses the current challenges that prevent such inclusiveness and suggests future trends of its development to be of benefit to the wider city community. It explains how spaces in divided cities are carved up into perceived ownerships and territorialized areas, which increases tension on the shared space between territories; the control of which can often lead to inter-community disputes. The paper reports that common shared space in-between conflicting communities takes on increased importance since the nature of the conflict places emphasis on communities＇ confidence, politically and socially, while also highlighting the necessity for confidence in inclusion and feeling secure in the public domain. In order to achieve sustainable environments, strategies to promote shared spaces require further focus on the significance of everyday dynamics as essential aspects for future integration and conflict resolution.

Dynamics of Quantum Entanglement in Reservoir with Memory Effects

The non-Markovian dynamics of quantum entanglement is studied by the Shabani-Lidar master equation when one of entangled quantum systems is coupled to a local reservoir with memory effects.The completely positive reduced dynamical map can be constructed in the Kraus representation.Quantum entanglement decays more slowly in the non-Markovian environment.The decoherence time for quantum entanglement can be markedly increased with the change of the memory kernel.It is found out that the entanglement sudden death between quantum systems and entanglement sudden birth between the system and reservoir occur at different instants.

A Database Querying Language for Formulating Relational Queries on Small Devices

For small devices like the PDAs and mobile phones, formulation of relational database queries is not as simple as using conventional devices such as the personal computers and laptops. Due to the restricted size and resources of these smaller devices, current works mostly limit the queries that can be posed by users by having them predetermined by the developers. This limits the capability of these devices in supporting robust queries. Hence, this paper proposes a universal relation based database querying language which is targeted for small devices. The language allows formulation of relational database queries that uses minimal query terms. The formulation of the language and its structure will be described and usability test results will be presented to support the effectiveness of the language.

换一种方式打开

被安排听一场极无聊的演讲,我昏昏欲睡,旁边的同学却在奋笔疾书写着什么,似乎在做笔记。我心下不解:不会吧?这种空洞陈旧的内容,有什么可记的?后来问她在写什么,答案出乎我的意料。她说,看过一本积极思维的书,对自己改变很多,打算换个角度看一些表面上'糟糕'的问题,用另一种方式打开。

Finite groups whose maximal subgroups of sylow p-subgroups admit a p-solvable supplement

In this note,we show that if every maximal subgroup of a Sylow p-subgroup of a finite group has a p-solvable supplement then the group is necessarily p-solvable.This gives a positive answer to Problem 17.111 of the Kourovka Notebook(Unsolved Problems in Group Theory),which was posed by Skiba.

Spatial variability and long-term change in pollen diversity in Nam Co catchment(central Tibetan Plateau): Implications for alpine vegetation restoration from a paleoecological perspective

Pollen diversity offers abundant clues into the floristic diversity and history of vegetation change. Few palynological studies investigated modem pollen diversity or the past floristic diversity on the Tibetan Plateau （TP）. Based on modem pollen assemblages from 37 topsoils and 63 surface lake sediments in the Nam Co catchment on the central TP, this study quantitatively explored spatial distribution of modem pollen diversity using Shannon-Wiener index （H） and palynological richness （E（Tn）, n=600）. Pollen diversity indices showed spatial variability among vegetation types, reflecting the differences in terrestrial floristic diversity in the lake catchment. Their values were high in the southeastern region of the lake catchment which is covered by alpine steppe, while values were low for alpine meadow and marsh meadow. The pollen diversity in lacustrine pollen assemblage could be an effective proxy to document past floristic diversity. The past floristic diversity in the lake catchment, recovered from a fossil pollen record ofNMLC-1, showed a long-term change of ascending overlaid by several rapid diversity changes during the last 8400 years due to the downward shift of altitudinal vegetation belt driven by a general climatic cooling. The results imply that under the environmental challenge of climate warming and vegetation degradation, alpine vegetation restoration in the Nam Co catchment and the central TP should pay attention to altitudinal vegetation belt and zonal vegetation of alpine steppe, and use the long-term change of floristic diversity as a historical analogue.

Efficient processing of ordered XML twig pattern matching based on extended Dewey

Finding all occurrences of a twig pattern is a core operation of extensible markup language (XML) query processing. Holistic twig join algorithms, which avoid a large number of intermediate results, represent the state-of-the-art algorithms. However, ordered XML twig join is mentioned rarely in the literature and previous algorithms developed in attempts to solve the problem of ordered twig pattern (OTP) matching have poor performance. In this paper, we first propose a novel children linked stacks encoding scheme to represent compactly the partial ordered twig join results. Based on this encoding scheme and extended Dewey, we design a novel holistic OTP matching algorithm, called OTJFast, which needs only to access the labels of the leaf query nodes. Furthermore, we propose a new algorithm, named OTJFaster, incorporating three effective optimization rules to avoid unnecessary computations. This works well on available indices (such as B+-tree), skipping useless elements. Thus, not only is disk access reduced greatly, but also many unnecessary computations are avoided. Finally, our extensive experiments over both real and synthetic datasets indicate that our algorithms are superior to previous approaches.