毒品犯罪诱惑侦查获取证据的采信问题

诱惑侦查是世界各国查获毒品犯罪案件的常用方法,在我国也得到了广泛应用,部分地区高达八成以上的毒品案件采用了诱惑侦查手段。然而,对于诱惑侦查的合法性以及通过诱惑侦查手段所获得证据的效力,理论研究中尚存在着争议,司法实践中看法不一。针对当前毒品犯罪诱惑侦查获取证据面临的采信问题,笔者作一肤浅探究。

司法实践中对手机短信作为证据的认定

在现实生活中,人们经常使用移动电话发送和接收短信。在司法实践中,涉及移动电话短信息作为证据的案件不断出现。移动电话短信息作为一种新的证据形式进入了诉讼领域,对传统的证据形式提出了挑战。在诉讼中,如何对其定性是证据理论和实务上亟待解决的问题。同时,对证据理论的研究也需要不断创新。

科学证据的基本特征——兼谈法医学鉴定意见的审查

本文论述了科学证据应具备的基本特征。旨在帮助法官正确认识司法鉴定的本质,审查司法鉴定意见(或结论)的方法,以及法医学鉴定意见(或结论)可采信的条件。而对于司法鉴定人来说,正确认识司法鉴定意见(或结论)作为科学证据所应具备的基本特征,或作为科学证据被采信所应具备的基本条件,是做好司法鉴定工作的前提。

诉讼辅助人意见与鉴定结论证据属性比较研究

在鉴定结论已回归“民间”,还没有确定专家证人制度情况下,应当认为诉讼辅助人就案件事实专业问题提出的意见具有证据属性,不应将诉讼辅助人意见视为辩护人或代理人意见。在我国没有专家证人制度情况下,设立诉讼辅助人制度,却又不认可诉讼辅助人发表的意见具有证据属性,而将其列为辩护或代理意见,“名不正,言不顺”。诉讼辅助人意见不同于辩护、代理意见,应当确认诉讼辅助人就案件有关专业知识事实问题发表的意见具有证据属性。研究诉讼辅助人意见证据属性与采信标准,似乎单纯程序性证据问题,却决定案件事实能否得到公正客观认定。

美国司法实践中的CGA证据应用介评

随着时代发展,CGA证据逐渐开始在司法实践中发挥作用。美国作为目前科技、经济、法律最先进和发达的国家之一,其对CGA证据应用已有不少成功范例。这主要集中于民事和刑事诉讼领域,法院对CGA证据是否具备可采性和证明力大小进行了判断。但美国现今CGA证据的使用尽管能更容易帮助查明案情,同时也存在着相关操作标准不具体和成本高之缺陷。通过对目前美国CGA证据应用进行分析,我们可以获得诸多有益启示。

庭前口供如何运用——以解决翻供问题为视角

庭前口供的运用,实际上是侦查机关对犯罪嫌疑人庭前翻供和法官对被告人当庭翻供时,如何运用庭前口供的问题。因此,要明确规定将被告人庭前不一致的口供采纳为质证证据时的证据效果,明确规定将被告人庭前不一致的口供采纳为实质证据时的条件。

A Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) Power Model Using Compressed-sensing Sampling

More and more information are needed in social life and commercial production, causing significant pressure on the sampling and too much time spent on signal sampling. Compressed sensing is one emerging hotspot in signal processing which employs a special sampling method to capture and represent compressible signals at a rate significantly below the Nyquist rate. In this paper, a Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) Model based on compressed-sensing sampling theorem is proposed for grinding power. It is further tested by using the actual production data, and the algorithm performance in grinding power model is also analyzed. The experiments show the validity and effectiveness of the proposed modeling method and its bright application foreground in other fields with similar features, such as power, metallurgy and so on.

A new measure for evaluating spatially related properties of traffic information credibility

With the wide applications of sensor network technology in traffic information acquisition systems,a new measure will be quite necessary to evaluate spatially related properties of traffic information credibility.The heterogeneity of spatial distribution of information credibility from sensor networks is analyzed and a new measure,information credibility function(ICF),is proposed to describe this heterogeneity.Three possible functional forms of sensor ICF and their corresponding expressions are presented.Then,two feasible operations of spatial superposition of sensor ICFs are discussed.Finally,a numerical example is introduced to show the calibration method of sensor ICF and obtain the spatially related properties of expressway in Beijing.The results show that the sensor ICF of expressway in Beijing possesses a negative exponent property.The traffic information is more abundant at or near the locations of sensor,while with the distance away from the sensor increasing,the traffic information credibility will be declined by an exponential trend.The new measure provides theoretical bases for the optimal locations of traffic sensor networks and the mechanism research of spatial distribution of traffic information credibility.

论反垄断诉讼中的专家证人

在反垄断诉讼中,涉案商品服务的相关市场如何界定、当事方的限制性行为是否具有排除限制竞争效果等问题,往往成为双方对事实争议的焦点问题。而这些事实问题并非普通的事实问题,而是科学事实问题,需要通过经济学分析、社会学分析等科学方法加以论证。为辅助法庭对案件事实进行查明,双方可以申请具有专业资质的专家提供专家意见或证词,对所主张的事实加以论证。然而,法庭需要通过明确专家证人资质要求,来筛选真正能够对事实认定起到辅助作用的专家。此外,法庭还需要确立证词可采信性标准,审查评估专家证人证词的可信度,最终决定对专家证人证词是否采信。法学专家不能成为专家证人对科学事实进行论证,法官可以在判决书参考法学专家观点来增强判决说理,但法律条文仍应由法官来解释。