网络工程专业课堂教学的智能化评价方法探究

针对传统高校的课堂教学评价机制存在诸多缺陷,难以适应工程教育专业认证人才培养理念的问题,围绕“以学生为中心”“产出导向”和“持续改进”,提出一种智能化课堂教学评估方法,阐述该方法的具体实施过程,最后通过网络工程专业课程教学的实证分析说明该方法的有效性。

谈美国标准测试

当今,提高测试的质量是教育界的一个热点问题。美国教育改革中心提出一份报告.“报告”中指出,美国学校各年级学生的学习成绩没有达到最低要求,应当在各州制订出对教学内容、教学水平的统一要求,然后以它为标准进行测试,以便从整体上提高教学质量.中国的教育所采取的统一测试同样具有相当重要的积极意义.

文学作品阅读鉴赏题命题者的哈姆莱特独舞现象

就考试而言,文学作品的阅读鉴赏有二难：一是命题难,一是答题难。文学评论家认为,＂文学文本的背后,总有作者的意义存在,而这个作者的意义是多元的＂。意思是说,对文学作品的阅读理解是不可量化、强求一律的。但考试要讲公平,又必须量化,将具有不可量化性的阅读欣赏强行纳入量化,必然导致前述＂二难＂。

Design analysis and its application of M out of N in reactor protection system

The reliability and availability of the reactor protection system （RPS） can be improved by using M out of N judg- ment system. By analyzing two quantitative indicators, the rate of refusal to operate and mal-operation rate, a strict math- ematical formula and an approximate calculation are stated. The differences of a series of judgment systems are discussed on condition that the unsafe failure probability and the security failure probability are both 0.1. Based on given parameters （A, B,P, Q）： A is upper limit of the refusal rate for the RPS, B is upper limit of the real-operation rate, P and Q are basic protection unit rates corresponding to refusal rate and mal-operation rate, respectively. According to these parameters, the values of N and M can be solved.

岗位测评的“天龙八步”

岗位测评的方法虽然多种多样，但无论采用何种方法，关键都是要找到适用于所有岗位测评的“公因子”。曾担任过朗讯薪酬经理的人力资源专家张守春认为，这样的“公因子”选择标准有三：一是普适性，即适用于所有岗位，如“销售额”只适用于销售人员，而“学历”则适用于所有员工：二是可量化性，比如选用“领导水平”就很难得出量化测评结果；三是可接受性，即要让管理层和普通员工都能接受。

Effect of Polyamine Priming on Chilling Tolerance of Lolium perenne during Seed Imbibition

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the effect of potyamine priming on physiological and biochemical variations of Lolium perenne embryos and seed germination. [Method] With annual Lolium perenne （Diamond T and Grazing-8000） as experimental materials, after priming with 0.5 mmol/L putrescine （Put）, spermidine （Spd） and spermine （Spm） for 24 h and chilling imbibition at 5 ℃ for 12, 24, 36 and 48 h, the effect of Put, Spd and Spm priming on chilling tolerance and germination ability of annual Lolium perenne seeds during imbibition was investigated. [Result] Put, Spd and Spm priming improved the activities of peroxidase （POD）, catalase （CAT）, superoxide dismutase （SOD） and ascorbate peroxidase （APX） and content of soluble protein content under low temperature stress, significantly in-creased the germination rate, and shortened the average germination duration. After chilling imbibition for 48 h, compared with the control, the average germination rate of annual Lolium perenne seeds was improved by 15.5% and 12.0% after Put, Spd and Spm priming, and the average germination duration was shortened by 1.21 and 1.14 d. During seed imbibition, the chilling tolerance of Grazing-8000 was stronger than that of Diamond T. Overall, Put, Spd and Spm treatment could increase the chilling tolerance of annual Lolium perenne seeds during imbibition, and improve the germination ability of seeds under low temperature stress. [Conclusion] Results of this study provided theoretical basis for the application of seed priming technology in the production of annual ryegrass.

Effects of ration level and feeding frequency on digestibility in juvenile soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis

The effects of ration level and feeding frequency on digestibility in juvenile soft-shelled turtle, Pelodiscus sinensis, were investigated. Four ration levels 1.5%, 2.5%, 4.0% and satiation （6.0% BW/d） were used. Apparent digestibility （AD） of dry matter （DMAD）, protein （PAD） and protein real digestibility （PRD） were significantly affected by ration level, but not by feeding frequency when the ration level was similar. However, the feeding frequency affected the AD, DMAD, PAD and PRD significantly when the turtles were fed to satiation. The relationship between fecal protein content （Y） and protein intake （At） can be expressed as a quadric equation： Y=-0.1742＋0.1476X-0.0003X^2 （r^2=0.876, n=27, F=93.92, P〈0.01）.

A Method for Surveying Control Network Optimization Based on Reliability Properties

Surveying control network optimization design is related to standards, such as precision, reliability, sensitivity and the cost, and these standards are related closely to each other. A new method for surveying control network simulation optimization design is proposed. This method is based on the inner reliability index of the observation values.

Extension of Variable Separable Solutions for Nonlinear Evolution Equations

We give the generalized definitions of variable separable solutions to nonlinear evolution equations, and characterize the relation between the functional separable solution and the derivative-dependent functional separable solution. The new definitions can unify various kinds of variable separable solutions appearing in references. As application, we classify the generalized nonlinear diffusion equations that admit special functional separable solutions and obtain some exact solutions to the resulting equations.

A novel transmission energy minimization algorithm based on fine granularity scalability

This paper proposes an optimal solution to choose the number of enhancement layers in fine granularity scalability (FGS) scheme under the constraint of minimum transmission energy, in which FGS is combined with transmission energy control, so that FGS enhancement layer transmission energy is minimized while the distortion guaranteed. By changing the bit-plane level and packet loss rate, minimum transmission energy of enhancement layer is obtained, while the expected distortion is satisfied.

Studies on the Compositional Properties of Main Miben Series Pumpkin Varieties in Southern China

Pumpkin is among the most popular agricultural products in Southern China. To determine the important analytical properties(dry matter, total soluble sugar,dissolvable polysaccharides, mineral content, electricity conductivity, soluble solid content, fruit weight, fat, protein, fiber, pectin, β-carotene and edible rate) of pumpkin in Southern China, this study investigated the physical and chemical properties and texture of raw and steamed pumpkins of 13 Miben series varieties. Miben pumpkins were frozen at-40 ℃ for 24 h, or at-4 ℃ for 24 h, or were steamed for 15 min in boiling water to investigate the effect of different treatments on the textural change, and to reveal the texture and sensory properties of the different varieties. A total of 13 pumpkin varieties of Miben series CP1578, CP2116, XM2-2,Baimi II, Guangmi I, Guangzhouluxia, Jintong, Laojinhanzaoshu, Quanguanjixiang,Newzuhe III, V pumpkin, Zaoshutianmi and Daguomiben were involved in this study.The results showed that the Miben series pumpkins had significant difference in physical properties. The editable rate of Miben series pumpkins was higher than77%. Chemical properties varied among different varieties. Textures of pumpkin flesh after different processes were different. In the sensory assessment of Miben pumpkins, the varieties with overall quality scores more than 50 were Guangmi I, Laojinhanzaoshu, V pumpkin and Daguomiben, indicating that the four varieties all had excellent properties.

Quantifying Environmental Sustainability of Buildings through Its Carbon Foot-Print： An Analytical Approach

It is known that the building sector consumes about 40% of earth＇s resources in their process of commissioning, erection and subsequent operation. As a consequence there is significant amount of CO2 emission to the atmosphere. Assessment of environmental performances of buildings has assumed immense significance in such backdrop and calls for assessing the ＂Carbon Footprint＂ of building systems for estimating their environmental compatibility. The present paper discusses a case specific environmental evaluation exercise by estimating the Carbon Footprint of a conventionally constructed tourist accommodation by tracking its resource consumption pattern during both the execution and operational phases in the hot and humid climatic zone of Indian sea-side. The result of the analysis is compared against the average carrying capacity of Earth to develop a method of measuring and quantifying the building＇s environmental performance with respect to Earth＇s reported threshold of tolerance and check the extent of failure or success, as the case may be. This process also leads to a tool named ＇Sustainability Quotient＇. The method of quantification is simple and can be adopted for environmental assessment of both new and old buildings.

Measurement of Surplus Labor in Viet Nam Agriculture

The large shift of surplus labor from agriculture to industry and services is seen in many countries around the world as well as in Vietnam in the process of industrialization and modernization of the country that has set questions about the sustainability of rural surplus labor： is there still a source of surplus labor in rural areas？ If so, how large is the source of surplus labor and how long it can be lasting？ These questions were hotly debated in the literature abroad. But in Vietnam there is very little or hardly exchanged opinions about the concepts and methods of measurement of surplus labor in general and surplus labor in agriculture in particular. This article refers to the measurement approach of surplus labor in agriculture in Vietnam.

Oxidative stress responses of submerged macrophyte Vallisneria asiatica to different concentrations of cyanobacteria

In a 10-day aquarium experiment, this investigation examines macrophyte restoration in eutrophic Lake Taihu, the physiological effects of different plant biomass levels and of increasing natural cyanobacterial concentrations on a submerged macrophyte, Vallisneria asiatica. Cyanobacterial stress suppressed the superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity of the plant＇s leaves and induced the catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POD） activities of its roots. The soluble protein content in V. asiatica decreased with an increase in natural cyanobacterial concentrations, whereas the malonaldehyde （MDA） increased significantly at chlorophyll a （Chl a） concentrations of 222 and 262 μg/L in water. V. asiatica adapted to the stress caused by cyanobacterial concentrations by adjusting its antioxidant defense system to remove the excessive reactive oxygen species when the algal Chl a concentration was 〉109 μg/L. Additionally, high biomass of V. asiatica （2 222 g FW/m^2） can inhibit the reproduction of cyanobacteria more significantly than low biomass （1 111 g FW/m^2）. High biomass of V. asiatica increased the oxidative stress in an individual plant when the initial Chl a concentration in the water reached 222 and 262 μg/L, as expressed by the increased MDA in leaves, compared with low biomass of K asiatica. This provides a basis for controlling cyanobacterial concentrations and V. asiatica biomass for the recovery of V. asiatica in eutrophic Lake Taihu.

Alterations of Antioxidative Enzymes Activities and Induction of Lipid Peroxidation in Germinating Wheat Seeds Subjected to Cadmium Stress

Germinating wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） seeds were exposed to CdCI2 （50, 100 and 200 μM） for 48 h and some aspects of oxidative metabolism was assessed in the embryonic tissues. The germination percentage and the soluble protein content of the embryonic tissues were found to decrease with increasing of Cd concentration. There was elevation in superoxide dismutase （SOD） and decline in catalase （CAT） and peroxidase （POX） activities. The increasing of lipid peroxidation levels indicated the prevalence of oxidative stress in the tissues which was probably due to the alteration of antioxidative enzymes activities. The adding of ascorbate, along with CdCl2, has resulted in restoration of the Cd induced decline in CAT activity. Weakening in H2O2 detoxification system seems to be the principal reason behind Cd induced oxidative stress in germinating seeds. Thus, imposition of oxidative stress might be the consequence of cadmium stress and this finding may help in elucidating the mechanisms underlying cadmium mediated toxicity in germinating seeds.

Speciation of chromium in soil inoculated with Cr(Ⅵ)-reducing strain,Bacillus sp.XW-4

Cr(Ⅵ)-amended soil was inoculated with Cr(Ⅵ)-reducing strain,Bacillus sp.XW-4 and incubated at 28 ℃in an incubator. Cr(Ⅵ)reduction,available Cr and Cr fractionin soils were studied.The results show that addition of Bacillus sp.XW-4 can promote Cr(Ⅵ)reduction,but inoculation of this strain has a negative effect on the decrease of available Cr content in soil.In controls (without this strain)amended with 100 and 200 mg/kg of Cr(Ⅵ),Cr(Ⅵ)contents decrease to about 41 and 92 mg/kg respectively after incubation of 4 d,while in soil inoculated with XW-4,Cr(Ⅵ)contents decrease to about 18 and 60 mg/kg,respectively.The content of available Cr in soils with inoculation of XW-4 is higher than that in controls.Chromium is partitioned into water soluble Cr,exchangeable Cr,precipitated Cr,Cr bound to organics and residual Cr.The highest content of Cr is observed in residual form and water soluble Cr is not detected for all treatments after 42 d,but the soils inoculated with Bacillus sp.XW-4 contain higher content of exchangeable Cr and lower content of precipitated Cr than the soil without the inoculum.Inoculation of Bacillus sp.XW-4 can increase chromium activity in soils.

Interweavings of Alan Turing＇s Mathematics and Sociology of Knowledge

This paper starts from the analysis of how Alan Turing proceeded to build the notion of computability in his famous 1936 text ＂On computable numbers, with an application to the Entscheidungsproblem＂. Looking in detail at his stepwise construction, which starts from the materialities to achieve a satisfactory level of abstraction, it is considered how his way of doing mathematics was one that constructs mathematical knowledge by evading a definite separation between matter and form; in this way, making the world and language come together. Following the same line of reasoning, it is argued in this paper that the abstract and the concrete, the deduction and the induction, the technical and the social as well as the objective and the subjective are unthinkable as pure entities. By considering the controversies and discussions from the mid-nineteenth century until now, it is shown that local （social） elements necessarily participate in what is usually considered ＂technical content＂ or ＂objectivity＂. While Alan Turing was a precursor of what today might be said to be an ＂anthropological approach to mathematical culture＂, unveiling and reviving approaches that enable the axis of authority for mathematics, logic and computing to be shifted, he also opened different paths for the construction of a variety of mathematical knowledge as well.

Influence of SiO_2 nano-particles on microstructures and properties of Ni-W-P/CeO_2-SiO_2 composites prepared by pulse electrodeposition

Ni-W-P base composites containing CeO2 and SiO2 nano-particles were prepared on common carbon steel surface by pulse co-deposition of Ni,W,P,CeO2 and SiO2 nano-particles.The influence of SiO2 concentrations in bath on microstructures and properties of Ni-W-P/CeO2-SiO2 composites was studied,and the characteristics were assessed by chemical compositions,element distribution,surface morphologies,deposition rate and microhardness.The results indicate that when SiO2 concentration in bath is controlled at 20 g/L,the composites possess the fastest deposition rate,the highest microhardness,compact microstructures,smaller crystallite sizes and uniform distribution of W,P,Ce and Si within Ni-W-P matrix metal.Increasing SiO2 concentration in bath from 10 to 20 g/L leads to the refinement in grain size and the inhomogeneity of microstructures.While when SiO2 concentration is increased to 30 g/L,the crystallite sizes increase again and some bosses with nodulation shape appear on the surface of composites.

Successful Entrepreneurs： Its Leadership Style and Actual Practices

Entrepreneurs are facing pressures related to sustainability, quality assurance, and the ability to meet client expectations. Such pressures require effective leadership to lead, change, and improve enterprise performance in order to meet the demand for current and future business. Many of the new changes that are occurring in business today are transformational. They are driven by the environment and client need. The entrepreneur may not know the exact outcome at first, because it emerges throughout the process. It requires a fundamental change in their mindset and organizational culture, and requires continual course corrections to the change process. This research was conducted to help the aspiring entrepreneurs to develop and improve their leadership style. One hundred and fifty successful Bicolano entrepreneurs were surveyed and interviewed about their actual leadership styles and practices and this was the basis for developing a leadership program for aspiring or future entrepreneurs. Transformational leadership was the leadership style fairly often use of the successful entrepreneurs and this is characterized as being optimist about future of their business, enthusiastic about what needs to be accomplished, articulate a compelling vision of the future and expresses confidence that goals will be achieved.

Effects of Nitrogen Sources on Nitrate Reductase Activity and Some Physiological Parameters in Psyllium （Plantago ovata F.） under Salinity Stress

The effects of three nitrogen sources （ammonium, nitrate and ammonium＋nitrate） and three salt treatments （0, 100 and 200 mM NaCl） on nitrate reductase activity, proline, soluble protein and carbohydrate contents in psylliom （Plantago ovata） plants were Studied. The nitrate reductase activity tended to increase when NO3- was included in the root-zone solution, but decrease as salinity increased. All N sources stimulated plant growth and nutrient uptake. Shoot and root dry matter tended to decrease as salinity increased, but less so when both NH4＋ and NO3- were present. Shoot biomass accumulated to significantly greater quantities under the mixed-N treatments than when produced using either NH4＋ or NO3- N-form alone. Although not statistically significant, the root biomasses showed a similar tendency. Generally, leaf proline and soluble shoot carbohydrate contents increased with increasing salinity in contrast to soluble protein which decreased regardless of the N source. Under salinity conditions, the concentration of Na＋ in shoot and root tissues was highest in ammonium-N treatment, while that of K＋ was highest in the mixed-N treatment.