Heterostructured BiOI@La(OH)_3 nanorods with enhanced visible light photocatalytic NO removal

Heterostructured BiOI@La（OH）3 nanorod photocatalysts were prepared by a facile chemical impregnation method.The enhanced visible light absorption and charge carrier separation can be simultaneously realized after the introduction of BiOI particles into La（OH）3 nanorods.The BiOI@La（OH）3 composites were applied for visible light photocatalytic oxidization of NO in air and exhibited an enhanced activity compared with BiOI and pure La（OH）3 nanorods.The results show that the energy levels between the La（OH）3 and BiOI phases matched well with each other,thus forming a heterojunctioned BiOI@La（OH）3 structure.This band structure matching could promote the separation and transfer of photoinduced electron-hole pairs at the interface,resulting in enhanced photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation.The photocatalytic performance of BiOI@La（OH）3 is shown to be dependent on the mass ratio of BiOI to La（OH）3.The highest photocatalytic performance can be achieved when the mass ratio of BiOI to La（OH）3 is controlled at 1.5.A further increase of the mass ratio of BiOI weakened the redox abilities of the photogenerated charge carriers.A new photocatalytic mechanism for BiOI@La（OH）3 heterostructures is proposed,which is directly related to the efficient separation of photogenerated charge carriers by the heterojunction.Importantly,the as-prepared BiOI@La（OH）3 heterostructures exhibited a high photochemical stability after multiple reaction runs.Our findings demonstrate that BiOI is an effective component for the formation of a heterostructure with the properties of a wide bandgap semiconductor,which is of great importance for extending the light absorption and photocatalytic activity of wide bandgap semiconductors into visible light region.

Divisible Semiring Congruences on Distributive Semiring

In this paper, we describe all the divisible semiring congruences on a distributive semiring S and also establish a one_to_one, inclusion_preserving mapping from the set of full, closed, self_conjagate, ideal subsemirings of S to the set of all divisible semiring congruences on S.

Efficient removal of ammonia with a novel graphene-supported BiFeO_3 as a reusable photocatalyst under visible light

Graphene‐supported BiFeO3 (rG‐BiFeO3) was synthesized by the hydrothermal method and used for the efficient removal of ammonia under visible light. X‐ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and ultraviolet‐visiblediffuse reflectance spectroscopy were conducted to characterize the rG‐BiFeO3. The specific surfacearea of the rG‐BiFeO3 catalyst was 48.6 m2/g, larger than that of BiFeO3 (21.0 m2/g). When used as aheterogeneous photocatalyst, rG‐BiFeO3 achieved 91.20% degradation of a NH3‐N solution (50mg/L) at pH = 11 under visible‐light irradiation in the absence of hydrogen peroxide. The degradationof ammonia followed pseudo‐first‐order kinetics, and the catalyst retained high photocatalyticactivity after seven reaction cycles. Study of the mechanism showed that the holes, superoxide anion radicals, and hydroxyl radicals, arising from the synergy between graphene and BiFeO3, oxidized NH3 directly to N2.

Numerical Study on Hydrodynamic Forces for Micro Particle Detachment by Droplet Impact

This paper presents the results of a numerical investigation of micro-sized particle removal by droplet impact. Computational fluid dynamics simulation is used to calculate the flow distribution of droplet impact on a flat surface. The hydrodynamic forces exerted on the particle are then computed. Key factors controlling particle removal are discussed. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces are considered. The flow distributions,especially the front edge expanding upon impact at microscale,strongly depend on surface wettability. The associated hydrodynamic forces on the particles vary accordingly. In addition, the impact on a dry surface can produce higher removal efficiency than that on a wet surface. Under the same impact conditions, the drag force exerted on a particle residing on a dry surface can be three orders of magnitudes larger than on a wet surface. Improving droplet impact velocity is more effective than improving droplet size.

Contacted Ion Pairs in Aqueous CuCl2 by the Combination of Ratio Spectra, Difference Spectra, Second Order Difference Spectra in the UV-Visible Spectra

The microstructure of aqueous CuCl2 has been studied through lots of technologies for many years; however, it remains a controversial subject. In this study, a new spectroscopic method has been proposed to analyze the UV-visible spectra of thin fihn of CuCl2/H2O solutions at different concentrations. This method is the combination of ratio spectra, difference spectra and second order difference spectra. By using this method, two new bands at -230 and -380 nm are obviously observed. The bands are assigned as the contacted ion pairs [CuCl3（H2O）n]- or [CuCl4（H2O）n]2-, which demonstrates that ion pairs exist in the CuCl2/H2O solution. Such finding agrees with the recent theoretical spectra obtained by time-dependent density functional theory. Furthermore, the populations of the contacted ion pairs are discussed. This study not only offers the direct spectroscopic evidence of [CuCl3（H2O）n]- or [CuCl4（H2O）n]2- in aqueous CuCl2, but also suggests that the spec- troscopic analysis method is powerful to extract the weak bands in a strong overlapping spectrum.

Photogenerated-hole scavenger for enhancing photocatalytic chalcopyrite bioleaching

The effects of photogenerated-hole scavengers(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid)on chalcopyrite bioleaching in the presence of visible light were studied using Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.ferrooxidans).Four sets of bioleaching experiments were performed:(1)visible light+0 g/L scavenger,(2)visible light+0.1 g/L of different scavenger(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid),(3)dark+0.1 g/L of different scavenger(ascorbic acid,oxalic acid,humic acid and citric acid),and(4)dark+0 g/L scavenger(control group).The results showed that ascorbic acid and oxalic acid could act as photogenerated-hole scavengers and significantly enhance chalcopyrite bioleaching under visible light.The dissolved copper in the light group without scavenger was only 18.7%higher than that of the control group.The copper extraction rates of the light groups with oxalic acid and ascorbic acid were respectively 30.1%and 32.5%higher than those of the control group.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analyses indicated that ascorbic acid and oxalic acid as photogenerated-hole scavenger could capture photo-generated holes and inhibit jarosite formation on the chalcopyrite surface,thereby enhancing bioleaching of chalcopyrite under visible light.

Theoretical Predictions of Migration Probabilities of Liquid- Liquid Hydrocyclones Separating Light Dispersions

Based on Bloor & Ingham's approach for determining the fluid fieldand on the analyses of loci of fluid particles inside hydrocyclones,analytical models are developed for calculating the migrationprobability of single-cone and two-cone hydrocyclones separatinglight dispersions. The calculated results are in good agreement withThew's correlation at different flow rate, split ratio or fluidproperties if the structural parameters keep the same as those ofThew's 35 mm hydrocyclone. The difference between predictionsaccording to two-cone model and single-cone model is nearlynegligible, which is very close to thew's original idea that majorseparation happens in the small cone-angle zone.

Ternary Ag/AgCl/BiOIO_3 composites for enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalysis

Ternary Ag/AgC l/BiO IO3 composite photocatalysts are prepared by a facile method. Enhanced visible-light absorption and charge carrier separation are achieved after the introduction of Ag/AgC l particles into BiO IO3 systems,as revealed by ultraviolet-visible diffuse-reflectance spectrometry,photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Ag/AgC l/BiO IO3 composites are applied to the visible-light photocatalytic oxidization of NO in air and exhibit an enhanced activity for NO removal in comparison with Ag/AgC l and pure BiO IO3. A possible photocatalytic mechanism for Ag/AgC l/BiO IO3 is proposed,which is related to the surface plasmon resonance effects of Ag metal and the effective carrier separation ability of BiO IO3. This work provides insight into the design and preparation of BiO IO3-based materials with enhanced visible-light photocatalysis ability.

Management of stage Ⅳ rectal cancer: Palliative options

Approximately 30% of patients with rectal cancer present with metastatic disease. Many of these patients have symptoms of bleeding or obstruction. Several treatment options are available to deal with the various complications that may afflict these patients. Endorectal stenting, laser ablation, and operative resection are a few of the options available to the patient with a malignant large bowel obstruction. A thorough understanding of treatment options will ensure the patient is offered the most effective therapy with the least amount of associated morbidity. In this review, we describe various options for palliation of symptoms in patients with metastatic rectal cancer. Additionally, we briefly discuss treatment for asymptomatic patients with metastatic disease.

Scaling in Rate-Changeable Birth and Death Processes with Random Removals

We propose a monomer birth-death model with random removals, in which an aggregate of size k can produce a new monomer at a time-dependent rate I（t）k or lose one monomer at a rate J（t）k, and with a probability P（t） an aggregate of any size is randomly removed. We then anedytically investigate the kinetic evolution of the model by means of the rate equation. The results show that the scaling behavior of the aggregate size distribution is dependent crucially on the net birth rate I（t） - J（t） as well as the birth rate I（t）. The aggregate size distribution can approach a standard or modified scaling form in some cases, but it may take a scale-free form in other cases. Moreover, the species can survive finally only if either I（t） - J（t） ≥ P（t） or [J（t） ＋ P（t） - I（t）]t ≈ 0 at t ≥ 1; otherwise, it will become extinct.

A Highly Linear Filter and VGA with DC-Offset Correction for GSM/WCDMA Receivers

This paper describes a complete baseband chain for both GSM and WCDMA receivers with a SMIC 0.35μm mixed signal process. The chain consists of a dual-mode,highly linear, fourth order Chebyshev active RC filter and three VGA stages. The filter is designed to meet the bandwidth specifications of the GSM and WCDMA standards and share the maximum number of components between the two modes to reduce manufacturing cost. The design is free of DC-offset and has an inter-stage high-pass filter, and operational amplifiers with adjustable GBW are used to minimize GSM-mode power consumption. The measured noise figures are 27. 3 and 42dBm in WCDMA and GSM modes,respectively, at the maximum gain. The IIP3 is 40dBm at unit gain in the WCDMA mode,and the circuit consumes 47.0mW. The IIP3 is 28dBm in the GSM mode,and the circuit consumes 31.8mW. The supply voltage is 3.3V.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for resectable esophageal carcinoma:A meta-analysis

AIM:To compare neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery with surgery alone for resectable esophageal carcinoma. METHODS:We used MEDLINE and EMBASE databases to identify eligible studies and manual searches were done to ensure no studies were missed.Trial validity assessment was performed and a trial quality score was assigned. RESULTS:Eleven randomized controlled trials(RCTs) including 1308 patients were selected.Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy significantly improved the overall survival compared with surgery alone.Odds ratio(OR) [95%confidence interval(CI),P value],expressed as neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and surgery vs surgery alone,was 1.28(1.01-1.64,P=0.05)for 1-year survival,1.78(1.20-2.66,P=0.004)for 3-year survival,and 1.46(1.07-1.99,P=0.02)for 5-year survival.Postoperative mortality increased in patients treated by neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(OR: 1.68,95%CI:1.03-2.73,P=0.04),but incidence of postoperative complications was similar in two groups (OR:1.14,95%CI:0.88-1.49,P=0.32).Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy lowered the local-regional cancer recurrence(OR:0.64,95%CI:0.41-0.99,P=0.04), but incidence of distant cancer recurrence was similar (OR:0.94,95%CI:0.68-1.31,P=0.73).Histological subgroup analysis indicated that esophageal squamous cell carcinoma did not benefit from neoadjuvantchemoradiotherapy,OR(95%CI,P value)was 1.16(0.85-1.57,P=0.34)for 1-year survival,1.34 (0.98-1.82,P=0.07)for 3-year survival and 1.41 (0.98-2.02,P=0.06)for 5-year survival. CONCLUSION:Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy can raise the survival rate of patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Modeling Impact of ROADM Intra-Node Add/Drop Contention on a Single Node Lightpath Blocking Performance

We propose an analytical model to evaluate the lightpath blocking performance for a single ROADM node with intra-node add/drop contention,in which the number of lightpaths that can be added/dropped with the same wavelength is limited by the add/drop contention factor.Different models of traffic load per nodal degree are considered to validate the effectiveness of the analytical model.The simulation results show that the proposed analytical model is effective in predicting the performance for different values of add/drop contention factor C and for variable offered loads at the node.The add/drop contention factor shows an important impact on the lightpath blocking performance and properly raising the contention factor can significantly improve the lightpath blocking performance.When the add/drop contention factor C exceeds a certain level,the performance of a ROADM with intra-node contention is close to that of a contentionless ROADM.

Clock-based RAIM method and its application in GPS receiver positioning

Because the signals of global positioning system （GPS） satellites are susceptible to obstructions in urban environment with many high buildings around, the number of GPS useful satellites is usually less than six. In this case, the receiver autonomous integrity monitoring （RAIM） method earmot exclude faulty satellite. In order to improve the performance of RAIM method and obtain the reliable positioning results with five satellites, the series of receiver clock bias （RCB） is regarded as one useful satellite and used to aid RAIM method. From the point of nonlinear series, a grey-Markov model for predicting the RCB series based on grey theory and Markov chain is presented. And then the model is used for aiding RAIM method in order to exclude faulty satellite. Experimental results demonstrate that the prediction model is fit for predicting the RCB series, and with the clock-based RAIM method the faulty satellite can be correctly excluded and the positioning precision of GPS receiver can be improved for the case where there are only five useful satellites.

Excisional hemorrhoidal surgery and its effect on anal continence

AIM:To investigate the role of anal cushions in hemorrhoidectomy and its effect on anal continence of the patients.METHODS:Seventy-six consecutive patients(33 men and 43 women) with a mean age of 44 years were included.They underwent Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy because of symptomatic third-and fourth-degree hemorrhoids and failure in conservative treatment for years.Wexner score was recorded and liquid continence test was performed for each patient before and two months after operation using the techniques described in our previous work.The speed-constant rectal lavage apparatus was prepared in our laboratory.The device could output a pulsed and speed-constant saline stream with a high pressure,which is capable of overcoming any rectal resistance change.The patients were divided into three groups,group A(< 900 mL),group B(900-1200 mL) and group C(> 1200 mL) according to the results of the preoperative liquid continence test.RESULTS:All the patients completed the study.The average number of hemorrhoidal masses excised was 2.4.Most patients presented with hemorrhoidal symptoms for more than one year,including a mean duration of incontinence of 5.2 years.The most common symptoms before surgery were anal bleeding(n = 55),prolapsed lesion(n = 34),anal pain(n = 12) and constipation(n = 17).There were grade Ⅲ hemorrhoids in 39(51.3%) patients,and grade Ⅳ in 37(48.7%) patients according to Goligher classification.Five patients had experienced hemorrhoid surgery at least once.Compared with postoperative results,the retained volume in the preoperative liquid continence test was higher in 40 patients,lower in 27 patients,and similar in the other 9 patients.The overall preoperative retained volume in the liquid continence test was 1130.61 ± 78.35 mL,and postoperative volume was slightly decreased(991.27 ± 42.77 mL),but there was no significant difference(P = 0.057).Difference was significant in the test value before and after hemorrhoidectomy in group A(858.24 ± 32.01 mL vs 574.18 ± 60.28 mL,P = 0.011),but no obvious difference was noted in group B or group C.There was no significant difference in Wexner score before and after operation(1.68 ± 0.13 vs 2.10 ± 0.17,P = 0.064).By further stratified analysis,there was significant difference before and 2 months after operation in group A(2.71 ± 0.30 vs 3.58 ± 0.40,P = 0.003).In contrast,there were no significant differences in group B or group C(1.89 ± 0.15 vs 2.11 ± 0.19,P = 0.179;0.98 ± 0.11 vs 1.34 ± 0.19,P = 0.123).CONCLUSION:There is no difference in the continence status of patients before and after Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy.However,patients with preoperative compromised continence may have further deterioration of their continence,hence Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy should be avoided in such patients.

Effective Context Inconsistency Elimination Algorithm Based on Feedback and Reliability Distribution for loV

In recent years,context aware technology has been widely used in many fields,such as internet of vehicles(IoV).Consistent context information plays a vital role in adapting a system to rapidly changing situations.However,sensor's precision variance,equipment heterogeneity,network delay and the difference of statistical algorithms can lead to inconsistency context and inappropriate services.In this paper,we present an effective algorithm of context inconsistent elimination which is based on feedback and adjusted basic reliability distribution.Through feedback,each sensor's perception precision can be obtained,and with the adjusted basic reliability distribution scheme,we can make full use of all context information by adjusting the influence of every context on whole judgment based on sensor's perception precision and threshold of sensor's perception precision,and then eliminate context inconsistency.In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed context inconsistency elimination algorithm,context aware rate is defined.The simulation results show that the proposed context inconsistency elimination algorithm can obtain the best context aware rate in most cases for the varied error rates of sensors.

Double-phase-shift filtering method for harmonic elimination based on AR2U-Net

The double-phase-shift filtering method,which is based on the traditional purephase-shift filtering method,is a novel approach to harmonic elimination that can be applied to more complicated signals such as white noise and slip-sweep.Nonetheless,any type of phase-shift filtering method necessitates a relationship between the frequency of fundamental sweep and time,which may cost necessitate an enormous amount of human and physical resources to achieve inaccurate results with low efficiency.This paper combines deep learning with harmonic elimination to produce a double-phase-shift filtering method based on AR2UNet,a type of U-Net with attention gates structure and recurrent residual blocks for improving accuracy and function while simplifying computational complexity.The input of the AR2UNet structure in this paper is seismic data of slip-sweep signals in vibroseis,and the output is signal frequency variation with the time of the fundamental waves,which are required to eliminate the harmonic waves and adjacent signals using a double-phase-shift method to obtain the fundamental sweep.The training sets and test sets are formed by forward models,and a Log-Cosh loss function is used to monitor the process,during which the results of AR2U-Net and traditional U-Net are compared to demonstrate the eminent function of AR2UNet.Following that,the outcomes’Log-Cosh loss functions and accuracy are also compared to validate the conclusion.AR2U-Net,when applied to raw data and combined with the doublephase-shift method,tends to polish the filtering effects and is worth promoting.

Ideal-based Zero-divisor Graphs of Non-commutative Rings

This paper introduces an ideal-boyed zero-divisor graph of non-commutative rings,denoted ΓI（R）.ΓI（R） is a directed graph.The properties and possible structures of the graph is studied.

老年髋关节置换术应用不同麻醉方式的价值探析

目的探讨老年髋关节置换术应用不同麻醉方式的价值。方法回顾2016年1月—2017年2月84例老年髋关节置换术患者并分组。对照组用全麻方式,研究组用腰硬联合麻醉方式。比较两组老年髋关节置换术麻醉优良率;麻醉起效时间、麻醉后心率、血压变化;麻醉不良事件出现率。结果研究组老年髋关节置换术麻醉优良率高于对照组,P<0.05;研究组麻醉起效时间、麻醉后心率、血压变化优于对照组,P<0.05;研究组麻醉不良事件出现率低于对照组,P<0.05。结论老年髋关节置换术应用腰硬联合麻醉的价值高,可更快起效,稳定生命体征,减少并发症发生,安全和可行性高。

AN EMBEDDING THEOREM BETWEEN SPECIAL LINEAR GROUPS OVER ANY FIELDS

Abstract homomorphisms between subgroups of algebraic groups were studied in detail by A.Borel, J.Tit.[1] and B.Wei.feile.[2] provided that the images of the homomorphisms are Zariski dense subsets and that the fields over which algebraic groups are defined are infinite. The purpose of this paper is to determine all embedding homomorphisms of SLn(k) into SLn(K) when k and K are any fields of the same characteristic, without assumption of Zariski density and infinitude of fields. The result in this paper generalizes a result of Chen Yu on homomorphisms of two dimensional linear groups[3].