可食性昆虫的营养价值和食用安全性研究进展

昆虫是地球上种类丰富、数量繁多的自然资源。可食性昆虫在中国具有悠久的历史,已日渐成为人类重要的食品资源之一。通过查阅文献统计,我国可食性昆虫有324种,共分为11个目,其中以鳞翅目、鞘翅目和膜翅目居多。可食性昆虫不仅可以补充人体所需要的营养元素,还具有独特的风味。因此,营养丰富的可食性昆虫资源不仅可以扩大人类对食物的选择范围,还可以作为一种替代食物来源。本文从可食性昆虫蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、矿物质等方面介绍其营养价值,从食品安全以及潜在的环境影响等方面总结了近年来可食性昆虫的安全性评价进展,探讨可食性昆虫作为新型食品的开发前景及挑战,提出了可食性昆虫食品目前所存在的问题,为可食性昆虫的后续研究及开发提供参考。

可食性昆虫资源及开发前景

可食性昆虫作为一类新型的食品资源备受食品领域关注。通过查阅相关文献统计,我国有可食性昆虫170余种,隶属于11个目52科,其中鳞翅目、鞘翅目包含的可食性昆虫种类最多。该文介绍可食性昆虫的食用价值、营养价值,以及加工产品等相关方面研究进展,从致敏性、异味、微生物污染、消费者接受度等方面探讨可食性昆虫开发的挑战及前景,为可食性昆虫应用于食品领域新产品开发提供参考。

Nutraceutical Effect of Cuetlas （Arsenura armida C.） Edible Insects as Local Food at Ixcaquixtla, Mexico

Insect＇s nutrient composition may provide a good source of macro- and micro-nutrients with nutraceutical functions that could help people from semirural areas, such as Ixcaquixtla, located southeast of the Puebla State, Mexico. The aim of this study was to assess macro- and micro-nutrients in Cuetlas （Arsenura armada C.） larvae and inform local people about the nutraceutical benefits that those insects could provide. Cuetlas larvae samples were collected from Jonote tree on August, 2014 to analyze minerals and macro-nutrient of raw larvae according to AOAC （1995） techniques. Results showed that Cuetlas larvae contained 56.93% proteins, 14.76% lipids, 2.95% minerals, 2.13% fiber and 23.23% soluble carbohydrates. Cuetlas larvae have a good amount of proteins, essential macromolecules for human life as well as essential fatty acids that are important sources of fuel for brain cells and in particular for cardiac and skeletal muscle, minerals, not determined individually, which are important for metabolism processes, fiber for digestive processes and soluble carbohydrates as energy source.

寻找可食昆虫

你敢吃昆虫吗? 昆虫是节肢动物的一种,身体分头、胸、腹3部分。头部有触角、眼、口器等;胸部有3对足,两对或一对翅膀,也有没有翅膀的;腹部有节,两侧有气孔,是呼吸器官。多数昆虫经过卵、幼虫、蛹、成虫等发育阶段,如蜜蜂、蚊、蝇、跳蚤等。 旅游者误入无人之境后,除了植物外,昆虫也是较易获得的食物,而且即使植物能够吃饱。