Under global production network,export cannot represent a country's gains from trade,and territory-based gains from trade refer to the remainder of export after deducting the input of intermediate goods and re-exp...Under global production network,export cannot represent a country's gains from trade,and territory-based gains from trade refer to the remainder of export after deducting the input of intermediate goods and re-export after value-added return.Ownership-based gains from trade refer to the remainder of territory-based gains from trade after further deducting the trade in value added(TVA) realized through the inflow of foreign factors.By creating a multicountry input and output model,this paper calculates the territory-based gains from trade,ownership-based gains from trade,and territory-based gains from trade for foreign countries realized through China's export,as well as valueadded return and territory-based gains from trade for foreign countries realized through China's import.This paper has arrived at the following conclusions:behind China's status as the largest goods exporting country in the world,most of Chinese exports contribute to the gains of foreign countries;value addition for foreign countries realized through China's export and value-added return realized through China's import mostly come from Taiwan region,Japan and South Korea in East Asia;a considerable part of gains from trade for the United States realized through China-US trade is achieved through indirect trade.展开更多
In this study, a historic simulation covering the period from 1951 to 2000 and three projected scenario simulations covering 2001-2050 were conducted em- ploying the regional climate model RegCM4 to detect the changes...In this study, a historic simulation covering the period from 1951 to 2000 and three projected scenario simulations covering 2001-2050 were conducted em- ploying the regional climate model RegCM4 to detect the changes of terrestrial water storage （TWS） in major river basins of China, using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） Special Report on Emissions Scenarios （SRES）： A1B, A2, and B1. The historic simula- tion revealed that the variations of TWS, which are dominated by precipitation in the basins, rely highly on their climatic features. Compared with the historic simu- lation, the changes of TWS in the scenario simulations showed strong regional differences. However, for all sce- narios, TWS was found to increase most in Northeast China and surrounding mountains around the Tibetan Plateau, and decrease most in eastern regions of China. Unlike the low seasonal variations of TWS in arid areas, the TWS showed strong seasonal variations in eastern monsoon areas, with the maximum changes usually oc- curring in summer, when TWS increases most in a year. Among the three scenario simulations, TWS increased most in Songhua River Basin of B1 scenario, and de- creased most in Pearl River Basin of A2 scenario and Hal River Basin of A1B scenario, accompanied by different annual trends and seasonal variations.展开更多
Handicrafts and furniture of bamboo once flourished in Taiwan during the 1970s and 80s but have since gradually declined after that period of time. The viability of the handicrafts industry was greatly threatened alon...Handicrafts and furniture of bamboo once flourished in Taiwan during the 1970s and 80s but have since gradually declined after that period of time. The viability of the handicrafts industry was greatly threatened along with there being a real possibility of losing this traditional heritage. Nowadays, green products are a growing trend in the fashion industry, and thus some Asian countries have realized the importance of using green products and its development of cultural creative assets. The literature/study of the styles of traditional Taiwan bamboo arts are rare but they are worth exploring. Therefore, the purposes of this study are as follows： （1） to explore the category of traditional Taiwan Residents bamboo column furniture; and （2） to explore the backgrounds, forms, and contents of traditional Taiwan Residents bamboo column furniture. The results show that： （1） traditional Taiwan Residents bamboo chairs can be divided into eight categories： stool, side chair, slant-back reclining chair, tai-shi armchair, pair of gong-po chairs, two-seat chairs, ＂mother ＆ child＂ chairs, and other styles of chairs; and （2） traditional Taiwan Residents bamboo column chairs styles originate from early Chinese Fujian and Guangdong provinces, and these bamboo chairs＇ forms have imitated the wood furniture of the Ming and Qing dynasty furniture. However, the technology of the enclosed-pipe structure is a special handicraft skill that reflects the early Taiwan Residents＇ resourcefulness in farming and fishing. We hope this paper can promote relevant and practical foundation research and studies.展开更多
After Sino-Japanese defeat, Taiwan became a Japanese colony. Liang closely watched the Japanese operating in Taiwan of all the trends, and had a deep thinking to get rid of Japanese rule in Taiwan viable path. He was ...After Sino-Japanese defeat, Taiwan became a Japanese colony. Liang closely watched the Japanese operating in Taiwan of all the trends, and had a deep thinking to get rid of Japanese rule in Taiwan viable path. He was about to emulate the Irish Anti-British model, through parliamentary struggle to make claim to get rid of colonial ruling in Taiwan. For Taiwan＇ s future, national movement had a profound impact. Because of this idea, Liang accumulated knowledge of the world, combined with the strength of Japan and Taiwan to compare the results of Taiwan＇ s colonial way of thinking, but he affected its overseas travel experience with his liberal political thought and constitutional doctrine of absolutism complement of each other.展开更多
基金the outcome of major program of the National Social Sciences Foundation Research on the Upgraded Objectives and Strategic Innovation for the Transformation and Development of Major Trading Nations(Grant No.13&ZD048)
文摘Under global production network,export cannot represent a country's gains from trade,and territory-based gains from trade refer to the remainder of export after deducting the input of intermediate goods and re-export after value-added return.Ownership-based gains from trade refer to the remainder of territory-based gains from trade after further deducting the trade in value added(TVA) realized through the inflow of foreign factors.By creating a multicountry input and output model,this paper calculates the territory-based gains from trade,ownership-based gains from trade,and territory-based gains from trade for foreign countries realized through China's export,as well as valueadded return and territory-based gains from trade for foreign countries realized through China's import.This paper has arrived at the following conclusions:behind China's status as the largest goods exporting country in the world,most of Chinese exports contribute to the gains of foreign countries;value addition for foreign countries realized through China's export and value-added return realized through China's import mostly come from Taiwan region,Japan and South Korea in East Asia;a considerable part of gains from trade for the United States realized through China-US trade is achieved through indirect trade.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grants 2010CB428403 and 2009CB421407)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 41075062 and 91125016)
文摘In this study, a historic simulation covering the period from 1951 to 2000 and three projected scenario simulations covering 2001-2050 were conducted em- ploying the regional climate model RegCM4 to detect the changes of terrestrial water storage （TWS） in major river basins of China, using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） Special Report on Emissions Scenarios （SRES）： A1B, A2, and B1. The historic simula- tion revealed that the variations of TWS, which are dominated by precipitation in the basins, rely highly on their climatic features. Compared with the historic simu- lation, the changes of TWS in the scenario simulations showed strong regional differences. However, for all sce- narios, TWS was found to increase most in Northeast China and surrounding mountains around the Tibetan Plateau, and decrease most in eastern regions of China. Unlike the low seasonal variations of TWS in arid areas, the TWS showed strong seasonal variations in eastern monsoon areas, with the maximum changes usually oc- curring in summer, when TWS increases most in a year. Among the three scenario simulations, TWS increased most in Songhua River Basin of B1 scenario, and de- creased most in Pearl River Basin of A2 scenario and Hal River Basin of A1B scenario, accompanied by different annual trends and seasonal variations.
文摘Handicrafts and furniture of bamboo once flourished in Taiwan during the 1970s and 80s but have since gradually declined after that period of time. The viability of the handicrafts industry was greatly threatened along with there being a real possibility of losing this traditional heritage. Nowadays, green products are a growing trend in the fashion industry, and thus some Asian countries have realized the importance of using green products and its development of cultural creative assets. The literature/study of the styles of traditional Taiwan bamboo arts are rare but they are worth exploring. Therefore, the purposes of this study are as follows： （1） to explore the category of traditional Taiwan Residents bamboo column furniture; and （2） to explore the backgrounds, forms, and contents of traditional Taiwan Residents bamboo column furniture. The results show that： （1） traditional Taiwan Residents bamboo chairs can be divided into eight categories： stool, side chair, slant-back reclining chair, tai-shi armchair, pair of gong-po chairs, two-seat chairs, ＂mother ＆ child＂ chairs, and other styles of chairs; and （2） traditional Taiwan Residents bamboo column chairs styles originate from early Chinese Fujian and Guangdong provinces, and these bamboo chairs＇ forms have imitated the wood furniture of the Ming and Qing dynasty furniture. However, the technology of the enclosed-pipe structure is a special handicraft skill that reflects the early Taiwan Residents＇ resourcefulness in farming and fishing. We hope this paper can promote relevant and practical foundation research and studies.
文摘After Sino-Japanese defeat, Taiwan became a Japanese colony. Liang closely watched the Japanese operating in Taiwan of all the trends, and had a deep thinking to get rid of Japanese rule in Taiwan viable path. He was about to emulate the Irish Anti-British model, through parliamentary struggle to make claim to get rid of colonial ruling in Taiwan. For Taiwan＇ s future, national movement had a profound impact. Because of this idea, Liang accumulated knowledge of the world, combined with the strength of Japan and Taiwan to compare the results of Taiwan＇ s colonial way of thinking, but he affected its overseas travel experience with his liberal political thought and constitutional doctrine of absolutism complement of each other.
