This paper presented a design of an automatic lifting system. It is used for large load powered support and improves the old method wherein powered support lifting depends on manual control. This system applies a high...This paper presented a design of an automatic lifting system. It is used for large load powered support and improves the old method wherein powered support lifting depends on manual control. This system applies a high accuracy gear shunt motor to match the flow for 4 lifting cylinders, and also allocates bypass throttles to realize automatic lifting. Through the dis- placement sensor feedback the height deviation among 4 lifting cylinders during the whole lifting process, when the deviation is up to the sitting value, the corresponding bypass throttle is operated immediately to reduce the deviation, so that the moving platform of the powered support would not be stuck. Through real application, it is shown that this system can realize automatic lifting of powered support; the lifting speed is controlled between 5 and 10 mm/s, and the final aligning accuracy is up to 1 mm.展开更多
Dahu, a small township in northern Taiwan, is famous for its produce of strawberries. Near Dahu, there are some attractions, such as hot springs, native Taiwan Residents tribes and a national park named Shei-pa. In or...Dahu, a small township in northern Taiwan, is famous for its produce of strawberries. Near Dahu, there are some attractions, such as hot springs, native Taiwan Residents tribes and a national park named Shei-pa. In order to better support more small businesses in this area, the local government is eager to promote an industrial cluster of agriculture and tourism based on the well-developed strawberry farms. In this research, the authors investigated 200 strawberry farmers to examine forming factors of the cluster, and effects of cluster on organizational performance. The findings are firstly, capital resource is regarded as the most effective forming factor of the cluster. Secondly, institutionalization, interaction mechanism and knowledge flow positively intermediate the clustering effects on organizational performance. These findings have important implications for the local government and the businesses as well.展开更多
There is distinct difference in the tangential wind profile between different typhoons in the western North Pacific. At present, only two parameters, maximum wind and radius of maximum wind, are used in NCAR-AFWA bogu...There is distinct difference in the tangential wind profile between different typhoons in the western North Pacific. At present, only two parameters, maximum wind and radius of maximum wind, are used in NCAR-AFWA bogus for MM5 mesoscale numerical model. As a result, sometimes the outer structure of typhoon cannot be described accurately. The tangential wind profile of NCAR-AFWA bogus is improved by introducing radii of 25.7 m/s and 15.4 m/s, and then the track and intensity of Typhoon Nockten (No.0425) are simulated. The results show that the simulations of track and intensity of typhoon both have been improved by simultaneously introducing the radii in the tangential wind profile of typhoon bogus. At the same time, there is improvement in the gale wind range of the typhoon simulated.展开更多
This paper presents the research method applied to the ＂Archaeological Map of Italy--Forma Italiae＂ project, comprising to date the Ager Venusinus project （completed） and the Ager Lucerinus project （ongoing）. Th...This paper presents the research method applied to the ＂Archaeological Map of Italy--Forma Italiae＂ project, comprising to date the Ager Venusinus project （completed） and the Ager Lucerinus project （ongoing）. The idea of an Archaeological Map of Italy dates back to 1889 when by Royal degree the ＂Bureau for an Archeological Map of Italy＂ was created. Many decades later, with the advent of information technology and satellite observing systems （GPS） a ＂new era＂ of archaeological mapping began and the ＂Forma ltaliae＂, thanks to these technological developments, began to develop the first Territorial Information System of archaeological matter in Italy. Between 1989 and 1992, studies and experiments were carried out on automatic systems for the acquisition, calculation and management of archaeological data relating to the Carta Archeologica d＇Italia （Forma Italiae）. Our project sought to put together many experiences, including some from the past, as part of a ministerial initiative resulting in the establishment of a committee; furthermore, it sought to extend the discussion that for many years concerned primarily academic institutions to the sectors dealing with protection and archeological prevention. Though it has been designed for prevention and protection, it simultaneously serves as the basic instrument for understanding and enhancement of the cultural resources of the territory. In discussions about preventive archaeology and about the so-called ＂archaeological risk＂, it is very useful to create a databank of the known archaeological heritage. For this purpose, a computerized system for data management was used, composed of a GIS platform associated with an alphanumeric archive and designed soon to become a web GIS.展开更多
The 2.5×2.5 gridded ECMWF reanalysis data are used to diagnose the genesis, developmentand dissipation of typhoon Dan by calculated stream function, velocity potential and vapor budget. It is shown inthe result t...The 2.5×2.5 gridded ECMWF reanalysis data are used to diagnose the genesis, developmentand dissipation of typhoon Dan by calculated stream function, velocity potential and vapor budget. It is shown inthe result that when typhoon Dan moved westwards, water vapor mainly came from the eastern and westernboundaries, with most of it was transferred by the easterly flow south of the western North Pacific subtropicalhigh; after Dan swerved northwards, water vapor mainly came from western boundary of the typhoon, and thevapor came from the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. The transfer of water vapor was mainlyconcentrated on the mid-lower troposphere, especially the level of 925hPa, at which the most intensive transferbelt was located. During the different period of typhoon Dan, there was great water vapor change as indicated bystream function, velocity potential and vapor budget, which suggest the importance of water vapor in thedevelopment of typhoon Dan.展开更多
Taiwan had officially entered aging society in 1993, and meantime the birthrate reaches its lowest point again and again. The constitution of population dramatically turns into an elder and low-birthrate society. Ther...Taiwan had officially entered aging society in 1993, and meantime the birthrate reaches its lowest point again and again. The constitution of population dramatically turns into an elder and low-birthrate society. Therefore, the ratio of elders living along is increasing yearly. When the elders need to deal the illness and go to hospital along, decays come from degeneration might have affect on their activity in accessible environment in hospital. Signs is a vital tool for delivering and communicating information in the road sign system. Whether the elders can identify the signs in hospital clearly becomes an important issue in the current research. To understand the affect of signs design in hospital to elders, the research reviewed and gained insight of degeneration in both physical and psychological of elders and the proper principal of signs design for elders. The research surveys in Taipei City, which has densest medical center, and mainly focus on National Taiwan University College of Medicine, which has hundred years of history （founded in 1895）. The research conducts field survey in both old and new buildings of National Taiwan University College of Medicine in August, 2015. The survey includes five types of signs design： Public Facilities, Prohibition, Safety, Warning, and Commercial Facilities. The result from article review indicates the most salient psychological degenerations includes the change in cognitive function, decay of memory, and deceleration of information processing; physical degenerations includes the decay of vision. As a result, the following properties should be taken into consideration when designing sings for elders： （1） The proper ratio of graphic and text. （2） Avoid using colors or matches difficult to identify by elders, like purple, blue, and green. （3） Take the visibility, legibility, identity, attention, and memory into consideration, there should be 70% differentiation in contrast between text of sign and background. （4） Avoid using multi-meaning graphic, keep the design simple. The result from the survey of National Yaiwan University College of Medicine indicates： （1） Using mainly on graphic and text as subsidiary, part of the sign design using both Chinese and English, and make sure the appropriateness of ratio between graphic and text. Use more of sans-serif font, which has better legibility. （2） Match the color mainly as yellow background with black graphic, blue background with white graphic, white background with black graphic, white background with blue graphic, a strong contrast between background and graphic on brightness and chroma matches the principle of visibility, legibility, and identity. （3） Simplify the signs design may safeguard its visibility. When elder need to handle illness comes from degeneration alone and go to large and complex hospitals frequently, the decay of their mental and physical might have a huge negative affect. Therefore, the signs design in hospital should understand their properties and design signs that match their requirement, to safeguard their live independency.展开更多
Earthquake-induced landslides along the Dujiangyan-Yingxiu highway after the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 were investigated. It was found that： （1） slopes were shattered and damaged during the earthquake a...Earthquake-induced landslides along the Dujiangyan-Yingxiu highway after the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 were investigated. It was found that： （1） slopes were shattered and damaged during the earthquake and open tension cracks formed on the tops of the slopes; （2） the upper parts of slopes collapsed and slid, while the lower parts remained basically intact, indicating that the upper parts of slopes would be damaged more heavily than the lower parts during an earthquake. Large-scale shaking table model tests were conducted to study failure behavior of slopes under the Wenchuan seismic wave, which reproduced the process of deformation and failure of slopes. Tension cracks emerged at the top and upper part of model, while the bottom of the model remained intact, consistent with field investigations. Depth of the tension crack at the top of model is 32 cm, i.e., 3.2 m compared to the prototype natural slope with a height of 14 m when the length scale ratio （proto/model） is lo. Acceleration at the top of the slope was almost twice as large as that at the toe when the measured accelerations on shaking table are 4.85 m/s2 and 6.49 m/s2, which means that seismic force at the top of the slope is twice the magnitude of that at the toe. By use of the dynamic-strength-reduction method, numerical simulation was conducted to explore the process and mechanism of formation of the sliding surface, with other quantified information. The earthquake-induced failure surfaces commonly consist of tension cracks and shear zones. Within 5 mfrom the top of the slope, the dynamic sliding surface will be about 1 m shallower than the pseudo-static sliding surface in a horizontal direction when the peak ground acceleration （PGA） is 1 m/s2; the dynamic sliding surface will be about 2 m deeper than the pseudo-static sliding surface in a horizontal direction when the PGA is lo m/sL and the depths of the dynamic sliding surface and the pseudo-static sliding surface will be almost the same when the PGA is 2 m/s2. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the key point of anti-seismic design, as well as for mitigation of post-earthquake, secondary mountain hazards, is to prevent tension cracks from forming in the upper part of the slope. Therefore, the depth of tension cracks in slope surfaces is the key to reinforcement of slopes. The depth of the sliding surface from the pseudo-static method can be a reference for slope reinforcement mitigation.展开更多
文摘This paper presented a design of an automatic lifting system. It is used for large load powered support and improves the old method wherein powered support lifting depends on manual control. This system applies a high accuracy gear shunt motor to match the flow for 4 lifting cylinders, and also allocates bypass throttles to realize automatic lifting. Through the dis- placement sensor feedback the height deviation among 4 lifting cylinders during the whole lifting process, when the deviation is up to the sitting value, the corresponding bypass throttle is operated immediately to reduce the deviation, so that the moving platform of the powered support would not be stuck. Through real application, it is shown that this system can realize automatic lifting of powered support; the lifting speed is controlled between 5 and 10 mm/s, and the final aligning accuracy is up to 1 mm.
文摘Dahu, a small township in northern Taiwan, is famous for its produce of strawberries. Near Dahu, there are some attractions, such as hot springs, native Taiwan Residents tribes and a national park named Shei-pa. In order to better support more small businesses in this area, the local government is eager to promote an industrial cluster of agriculture and tourism based on the well-developed strawberry farms. In this research, the authors investigated 200 strawberry farmers to examine forming factors of the cluster, and effects of cluster on organizational performance. The findings are firstly, capital resource is regarded as the most effective forming factor of the cluster. Secondly, institutionalization, interaction mechanism and knowledge flow positively intermediate the clustering effects on organizational performance. These findings have important implications for the local government and the businesses as well.
基金Experiments on coupling typhoons, waves and storm surges in the South China Sea andpreviews of typhoon-inflicted disasters, a project from the research foundation for the science of tropical andmarine meteorology
文摘There is distinct difference in the tangential wind profile between different typhoons in the western North Pacific. At present, only two parameters, maximum wind and radius of maximum wind, are used in NCAR-AFWA bogus for MM5 mesoscale numerical model. As a result, sometimes the outer structure of typhoon cannot be described accurately. The tangential wind profile of NCAR-AFWA bogus is improved by introducing radii of 25.7 m/s and 15.4 m/s, and then the track and intensity of Typhoon Nockten (No.0425) are simulated. The results show that the simulations of track and intensity of typhoon both have been improved by simultaneously introducing the radii in the tangential wind profile of typhoon bogus. At the same time, there is improvement in the gale wind range of the typhoon simulated.
文摘This paper presents the research method applied to the ＂Archaeological Map of Italy--Forma Italiae＂ project, comprising to date the Ager Venusinus project （completed） and the Ager Lucerinus project （ongoing）. The idea of an Archaeological Map of Italy dates back to 1889 when by Royal degree the ＂Bureau for an Archeological Map of Italy＂ was created. Many decades later, with the advent of information technology and satellite observing systems （GPS） a ＂new era＂ of archaeological mapping began and the ＂Forma ltaliae＂, thanks to these technological developments, began to develop the first Territorial Information System of archaeological matter in Italy. Between 1989 and 1992, studies and experiments were carried out on automatic systems for the acquisition, calculation and management of archaeological data relating to the Carta Archeologica d＇Italia （Forma Italiae）. Our project sought to put together many experiences, including some from the past, as part of a ministerial initiative resulting in the establishment of a committee; furthermore, it sought to extend the discussion that for many years concerned primarily academic institutions to the sectors dealing with protection and archeological prevention. Though it has been designed for prevention and protection, it simultaneously serves as the basic instrument for understanding and enhancement of the cultural resources of the territory. In discussions about preventive archaeology and about the so-called ＂archaeological risk＂, it is very useful to create a databank of the known archaeological heritage. For this purpose, a computerized system for data management was used, composed of a GIS platform associated with an alphanumeric archive and designed soon to become a web GIS.
基金Natural Science Foundation of China (40505009 40405007)+1 种基金Research on the key techniquesof Beijing 2008 Olympics Forecast Demonstration Project of the World Weather ResearchProject(2003BA904B09)Project of Major Directional Project for Knowledge Innovation for Chinese Academy ofSciences (kzcx3-sw-225)
文摘The 2.5×2.5 gridded ECMWF reanalysis data are used to diagnose the genesis, developmentand dissipation of typhoon Dan by calculated stream function, velocity potential and vapor budget. It is shown inthe result that when typhoon Dan moved westwards, water vapor mainly came from the eastern and westernboundaries, with most of it was transferred by the easterly flow south of the western North Pacific subtropicalhigh; after Dan swerved northwards, water vapor mainly came from western boundary of the typhoon, and thevapor came from the South China Sea and the Indian Ocean. The transfer of water vapor was mainlyconcentrated on the mid-lower troposphere, especially the level of 925hPa, at which the most intensive transferbelt was located. During the different period of typhoon Dan, there was great water vapor change as indicated bystream function, velocity potential and vapor budget, which suggest the importance of water vapor in thedevelopment of typhoon Dan.
文摘Taiwan had officially entered aging society in 1993, and meantime the birthrate reaches its lowest point again and again. The constitution of population dramatically turns into an elder and low-birthrate society. Therefore, the ratio of elders living along is increasing yearly. When the elders need to deal the illness and go to hospital along, decays come from degeneration might have affect on their activity in accessible environment in hospital. Signs is a vital tool for delivering and communicating information in the road sign system. Whether the elders can identify the signs in hospital clearly becomes an important issue in the current research. To understand the affect of signs design in hospital to elders, the research reviewed and gained insight of degeneration in both physical and psychological of elders and the proper principal of signs design for elders. The research surveys in Taipei City, which has densest medical center, and mainly focus on National Taiwan University College of Medicine, which has hundred years of history （founded in 1895）. The research conducts field survey in both old and new buildings of National Taiwan University College of Medicine in August, 2015. The survey includes five types of signs design： Public Facilities, Prohibition, Safety, Warning, and Commercial Facilities. The result from article review indicates the most salient psychological degenerations includes the change in cognitive function, decay of memory, and deceleration of information processing; physical degenerations includes the decay of vision. As a result, the following properties should be taken into consideration when designing sings for elders： （1） The proper ratio of graphic and text. （2） Avoid using colors or matches difficult to identify by elders, like purple, blue, and green. （3） Take the visibility, legibility, identity, attention, and memory into consideration, there should be 70% differentiation in contrast between text of sign and background. （4） Avoid using multi-meaning graphic, keep the design simple. The result from the survey of National Yaiwan University College of Medicine indicates： （1） Using mainly on graphic and text as subsidiary, part of the sign design using both Chinese and English, and make sure the appropriateness of ratio between graphic and text. Use more of sans-serif font, which has better legibility. （2） Match the color mainly as yellow background with black graphic, blue background with white graphic, white background with black graphic, white background with blue graphic, a strong contrast between background and graphic on brightness and chroma matches the principle of visibility, legibility, and identity. （3） Simplify the signs design may safeguard its visibility. When elder need to handle illness comes from degeneration alone and go to large and complex hospitals frequently, the decay of their mental and physical might have a huge negative affect. Therefore, the signs design in hospital should understand their properties and design signs that match their requirement, to safeguard their live independency.
基金supported by 973 Program,Grant No. 2008CB425802National Natural Science Foundation of Chinasupported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (SWJTU09ZT04)
文摘Earthquake-induced landslides along the Dujiangyan-Yingxiu highway after the Ms 8.0 Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 were investigated. It was found that： （1） slopes were shattered and damaged during the earthquake and open tension cracks formed on the tops of the slopes; （2） the upper parts of slopes collapsed and slid, while the lower parts remained basically intact, indicating that the upper parts of slopes would be damaged more heavily than the lower parts during an earthquake. Large-scale shaking table model tests were conducted to study failure behavior of slopes under the Wenchuan seismic wave, which reproduced the process of deformation and failure of slopes. Tension cracks emerged at the top and upper part of model, while the bottom of the model remained intact, consistent with field investigations. Depth of the tension crack at the top of model is 32 cm, i.e., 3.2 m compared to the prototype natural slope with a height of 14 m when the length scale ratio （proto/model） is lo. Acceleration at the top of the slope was almost twice as large as that at the toe when the measured accelerations on shaking table are 4.85 m/s2 and 6.49 m/s2, which means that seismic force at the top of the slope is twice the magnitude of that at the toe. By use of the dynamic-strength-reduction method, numerical simulation was conducted to explore the process and mechanism of formation of the sliding surface, with other quantified information. The earthquake-induced failure surfaces commonly consist of tension cracks and shear zones. Within 5 mfrom the top of the slope, the dynamic sliding surface will be about 1 m shallower than the pseudo-static sliding surface in a horizontal direction when the peak ground acceleration （PGA） is 1 m/s2; the dynamic sliding surface will be about 2 m deeper than the pseudo-static sliding surface in a horizontal direction when the PGA is lo m/sL and the depths of the dynamic sliding surface and the pseudo-static sliding surface will be almost the same when the PGA is 2 m/s2. Based on these findings, it is suggested that the key point of anti-seismic design, as well as for mitigation of post-earthquake, secondary mountain hazards, is to prevent tension cracks from forming in the upper part of the slope. Therefore, the depth of tension cracks in slope surfaces is the key to reinforcement of slopes. The depth of the sliding surface from the pseudo-static method can be a reference for slope reinforcement mitigation.
