In Moon Palace, on the surface, there are loosely unbelievable adventurous experiences of three generations, but at depth, it examines the wild west and urban civilization and their roles in American history as initia...In Moon Palace, on the surface, there are loosely unbelievable adventurous experiences of three generations, but at depth, it examines the wild west and urban civilization and their roles in American history as initiator of the myths of the frontier and the urban progress. In this novel, Auster uncovers how American history and myth of frontier are constructed by describing the wildness and Auster reflects and criticize urban civilization by depicting the cities.展开更多
Water is the source of all life, and is closely related to human civilization. It had a special significance in China, so the ancient Chinese created the dragon god as a symbol of China, the Chinese and Chinese civili...Water is the source of all life, and is closely related to human civilization. It had a special significance in China, so the ancient Chinese created the dragon god as a symbol of China, the Chinese and Chinese civilization. It can be said that the unique hydrological conditions on the territory of China created three great historical miracles： China, the Chinese people, and Chinese civilization. The Chinese have dedicated more effort than people in any other countries to water control and water use in order to make effective use of water resources and prevent flooding. It is their unparalleled achievements that have laid the foundation for these three miracles. Today, the Chinese people are facing unprecedented challenges in water control and water use. Exploring the historical Chinese relationship with water offers a good opportunity to understand the important role that water plays in long-term social development.展开更多
During the seven decades since the war ended, Japan has undergone ＂changes of direction＂ involving group expressions of regret, accompanied by the intellectual ＂soul- searching＂ of quite a few academics. Ultimatel...During the seven decades since the war ended, Japan has undergone ＂changes of direction＂ involving group expressions of regret, accompanied by the intellectual ＂soul- searching＂ of quite a few academics. Ultimately, however, the country has been unable to complete the ＂transformation＂ of its political values. Its consciousness of superiority, dating back to the Meiji era, and its dream of being restored to the status of a ＂normal country＂ have distorted Japan＇s idea of the war and its interpretation of history. As a result, at the critical postwar moment when Japan most needed to develop a truthful view of its history, its national will expressed itself in the rejection of this possibility. Japan has manufactured Sino-Japanese friction and manipulated the United States, on the pretext of a supposed ＂China threat＂ into relaxing the constraints upon Japan, and has attempted to abandon the thought and deeds of the postwar international order. Not only has this repeatedly subverted the standards by which the intemational ＂left＂ and ＂right＂ assess Japan; it has also once again placed the Asia-Pacific region in a precarious position.展开更多
In eighteenth-century Britain, knowledge about animals from around the world was rapidly increasing. This paper focuses on what the British knew and imagined about the animals of China from reading the works of Europe...In eighteenth-century Britain, knowledge about animals from around the world was rapidly increasing. This paper focuses on what the British knew and imagined about the animals of China from reading the works of European travellers and natural historians. Whereas the animals of Africa and America served to foster a growing sense of European mastery of less civilized parts of the world through trade and possession, those of China were understood as embedded in a highly advanced civilization and therefore as sources of knowledge about that civilization. This paper examines the way in which British understandings of China were mediated through accounts of Chinese animals and of human-animal relations in China. Looking at works of popular natural history and at Oliver Goldsmith＇s fictional letters of a ＂Chinese philosopher＂ in The Citizen of the World （1762）, I argue that the animals of China bore several messages about their country. Focusing on the particular examples of the golden pheasant, the horse, the cormorant, and the cat, I suggest that British writing about Chinese animals served as a way of expressing mixed feelings about the value of advanced civilizations, whether Chinese or European.展开更多
文摘In Moon Palace, on the surface, there are loosely unbelievable adventurous experiences of three generations, but at depth, it examines the wild west and urban civilization and their roles in American history as initiator of the myths of the frontier and the urban progress. In this novel, Auster uncovers how American history and myth of frontier are constructed by describing the wildness and Auster reflects and criticize urban civilization by depicting the cities.
文摘Water is the source of all life, and is closely related to human civilization. It had a special significance in China, so the ancient Chinese created the dragon god as a symbol of China, the Chinese and Chinese civilization. It can be said that the unique hydrological conditions on the territory of China created three great historical miracles： China, the Chinese people, and Chinese civilization. The Chinese have dedicated more effort than people in any other countries to water control and water use in order to make effective use of water resources and prevent flooding. It is their unparalleled achievements that have laid the foundation for these three miracles. Today, the Chinese people are facing unprecedented challenges in water control and water use. Exploring the historical Chinese relationship with water offers a good opportunity to understand the important role that water plays in long-term social development.
文摘During the seven decades since the war ended, Japan has undergone ＂changes of direction＂ involving group expressions of regret, accompanied by the intellectual ＂soul- searching＂ of quite a few academics. Ultimately, however, the country has been unable to complete the ＂transformation＂ of its political values. Its consciousness of superiority, dating back to the Meiji era, and its dream of being restored to the status of a ＂normal country＂ have distorted Japan＇s idea of the war and its interpretation of history. As a result, at the critical postwar moment when Japan most needed to develop a truthful view of its history, its national will expressed itself in the rejection of this possibility. Japan has manufactured Sino-Japanese friction and manipulated the United States, on the pretext of a supposed ＂China threat＂ into relaxing the constraints upon Japan, and has attempted to abandon the thought and deeds of the postwar international order. Not only has this repeatedly subverted the standards by which the intemational ＂left＂ and ＂right＂ assess Japan; it has also once again placed the Asia-Pacific region in a precarious position.
文摘In eighteenth-century Britain, knowledge about animals from around the world was rapidly increasing. This paper focuses on what the British knew and imagined about the animals of China from reading the works of European travellers and natural historians. Whereas the animals of Africa and America served to foster a growing sense of European mastery of less civilized parts of the world through trade and possession, those of China were understood as embedded in a highly advanced civilization and therefore as sources of knowledge about that civilization. This paper examines the way in which British understandings of China were mediated through accounts of Chinese animals and of human-animal relations in China. Looking at works of popular natural history and at Oliver Goldsmith＇s fictional letters of a ＂Chinese philosopher＂ in The Citizen of the World （1762）, I argue that the animals of China bore several messages about their country. Focusing on the particular examples of the golden pheasant, the horse, the cormorant, and the cat, I suggest that British writing about Chinese animals served as a way of expressing mixed feelings about the value of advanced civilizations, whether Chinese or European.
