China's auto prices up in September on consumption tax China's automobile prices rose in September buoyed by an increased consumption tax that was aimed at curbing sales of high emission cars to save energy. P...China's auto prices up in September on consumption tax China's automobile prices rose in September buoyed by an increased consumption tax that was aimed at curbing sales of high emission cars to save energy. Prices of domestically-made vehicles edged up 0.74 percent from August,a rise of 0.59 percent from a year earlier after展开更多
It is a very hard job for historians to keep themselves neutrals in from of the events they find during their studies. It is also difficult to notice the correlations among the different times of the history without f...It is a very hard job for historians to keep themselves neutrals in from of the events they find during their studies. It is also difficult to notice the correlations among the different times of the history without falling in anachronistic mistakes. In fact, it is well-known that a historian must be wise and rational when he finds those correlations, because every society has its own characteristics, structures, and mentality. This brief essay focuses on the social structures in a north eastern italic region, which is called Friuli, between the 12th and 16th centuries. In the above mentioned centuries, it is possible to notice an evolution from a feudal ecclesiastical principality, ruled by prince-patriarchs, ecclesiastical institutions and nobility, to a more fluid and dynamic constitution formed by new classes which rose up in times of urban and economic development. But this development struggles to delete the old system, which persisted until the end of 18th century with the arrival of Napoleon. The transition from the Patriarch＇s power to Venice＇s dominion seems to have created two main consequences： by one hand a more bureaucratic and modem structure of the State, by the other hand a consolidation of the old connections between patrons and clients, consequence of the ＂modem＂ feudal system that consolidated its roots in the Late Middle Ages centuries.展开更多
Floor diaphragms may provide an effective solution for reducing the seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings. Unfortunately, diaphragms are usually not present in historical building with wooden floors but often the...Floor diaphragms may provide an effective solution for reducing the seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings. Unfortunately, diaphragms are usually not present in historical building with wooden floors but often they are non present even in old R/C buildings where floors were made without shear reinforcement. A possible strengthening technique could be based on the application of a thin concrete plate reintbrced with a welded mesh. In order to reduce the thickness of the plate, some suitable solutions may be obtained by using Fiber Reinforced Concrete （FRC） since the minimum concrete cover is no longer required because the reinforcement （fibers） is spread all over the concrete matrix. The adoption of FRC floor diaphragms is proposed and discussed in this paper; the early results from a preliminary numerical study are analyzed in order to asses the feasibility of this new strengthening technique and better organize an experimental program that is currently in progress.展开更多
This study evaluates the extent of voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of non-financial companies listed at the Amman Stock Exchange （ASE） for the year 2006. The study adopts the disclosure index suggested by...This study evaluates the extent of voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of non-financial companies listed at the Amman Stock Exchange （ASE） for the year 2006. The study adopts the disclosure index suggested by Haddad, AI-Shattarat ＆ Nobanee （2009） and evaluates the voluntary disclosure for the Jordanian companies for the year 2006 at three levels： the first provides a description and analysis of the overall voluntary disclosure; the second covers the extent to which each individual item of information is disclosed; the third covers the type of information （e.g., financial information, historical information, management discussion）. The results of the study reveal that there was a considerable variation in the disclosure of the index items and also among the listed companies. On average, a company disclosed about 28.95% of the items applicable to it, and only six out of the 53 companies received disclosure scores greater than 50%. It was also found that 50 items out of 62 items included in the index had a disclosure below 50%, and 10 items had disclosure of less than 10%. With respect to the evaluation of different types of information, the analyses indicated that the category of the background information, the category of financial ratios and the category of management discussions were better disclosed in corporate annual reports than the other types of information.展开更多
Decision-making of investors at the stock exchange can be based on the fundamental indicators of stocks, on the technical indicators, or can exist as a combination of these two methods. The paper gives emphasis to the...Decision-making of investors at the stock exchange can be based on the fundamental indicators of stocks, on the technical indicators, or can exist as a combination of these two methods. The paper gives emphasis to the domain of technical analysis. In the broader sense the technical analysis enables the dynamics of the expected future values of the shares estimation. This can be performed on the basis of the data on historical trends of the revenues, profits and other indicators from the balance sheet, but also on the basis of historical data on changes in the values of the shares. Companies generally belong to the different sectors that have different presumptions of development resulting from the global market trends, technology and other characteristic. Processing of historical data values of the outstanding shares of the Zagreb Stock Exchange （ZSE） is origination of this research. Investors are interested to know the estimation of future returns for the stocks as well as the size of the risk associated with the expected returns. Research task in this paper is finding the optimal portfolio at the ZSE based on the concept of dominant portfolio by Markowitz approach. The portfolio is created by solving non-linear programming problem using the common software tools. The results of obtained optimal portfolios contain relevant conclusions about the specifics of the shares as well as the characteristics of the industrial sectors but also provide a further knowledge about diverse sectors treatment at the stock exchange in a multi-year period.展开更多
The old-aged confrontation between “East” and “West”, between “civilization” and “barbarism”, between “Christianity” and “Islam” came to new heights in the early modern times and found its arena in Central...The old-aged confrontation between “East” and “West”, between “civilization” and “barbarism”, between “Christianity” and “Islam” came to new heights in the early modern times and found its arena in Central Europe. Since the late 15th century, the Ottoman Turks had been feared as menace, as the most dreadful enemies not only of the inhabitants of the Habsburg ruled countries but of the whole world of Christianity, and the Ottoman Turks did pose a permanent threat to their neighbours in Central Europe. The situation changed around 1700 when the Habsburgs succeeded in integrating the entire Hungarian Kingdom into their empire. From the early 18th century onwards the Ottoman Turks were no longer regarded as fierce fighters but increasingly as neighbours living in an unknown and totally different world and gained more and more curious attention. This change was not only the consequence of the new balance in power politics but mainly a sequel of gaining much more information. Up to the late 17th century the knowledge about the Ottoman Turks was based primarily on what had been reported by ambassadors travelling to Constantinople while in the 18th century people of several strands of life reported about their experiences. After the Peace of Passarowitz in 1718 trade agreements between the two states enabled activities of merchants and tradesmen who learned to know things about their eastern neighbours which were totally new to the Middle European contemporaries. Additionally, some elements of this ＂oriental＂ culture were taken over and were to become typical for Central Europe later on. The Turks were curiously observed as strange and fascinating neighbours. In the course of the movement of enlightenment from the middle of the 18th century onwards one aspect of this culture lost much of its dreadfulness： the fact that the Ottoman Turks were infidels. So it did not take very long until Ottomans were seen as being capable of true humanity regardless their religion. In the 19th century the multiethnic state organizations of the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy became outmoded in this age of nationalism. They realized their common interests and started a cooperation which eventually ended up as alliance in theWorld War I. From the point of view of power politics however, the Ottoman Empire was regarded as “sick man at the Bosporus”. In the following the changes of the image are shown as an overview by observing the criteria against the background of the most important historical events. The details of how this process worked are still pretty murky. Further investigations are already on the way and will bring more light into the reasons and the mechanism of this development.展开更多
Since China＇s reform and accession to the world trade organization （WTO）, the international labor division, cooperation, and communication of production have been a direction of the global productivity development....Since China＇s reform and accession to the world trade organization （WTO）, the international labor division, cooperation, and communication of production have been a direction of the global productivity development. The expansion of the world trade organization and the growth of multinational corporations have promoted China＇s market economy to head for internationalization; the exchanges of all countries＇ science and technology, culture, and education have become increasingly frequent and beyond the borders very early, so opening-up has become a world trend. China is playing an important role in this historical process. In this situation, the importance of language translation is increasing day by day, and an unprecedented prosperous situation has especially appeared to the interpretation. In order to accord with this new historical situation, many colleges and universities have set up language translation program and have offered interpretation course. To promote the economic development of China and train more senior interpreters, the studies of interpretation teaching and the improvement of interpretation teaching quality have been particularly important. In this paper, the relationship among memory, note-taking, and psychological factors are analyzed.展开更多
文摘China's auto prices up in September on consumption tax China's automobile prices rose in September buoyed by an increased consumption tax that was aimed at curbing sales of high emission cars to save energy. Prices of domestically-made vehicles edged up 0.74 percent from August,a rise of 0.59 percent from a year earlier after
文摘It is a very hard job for historians to keep themselves neutrals in from of the events they find during their studies. It is also difficult to notice the correlations among the different times of the history without falling in anachronistic mistakes. In fact, it is well-known that a historian must be wise and rational when he finds those correlations, because every society has its own characteristics, structures, and mentality. This brief essay focuses on the social structures in a north eastern italic region, which is called Friuli, between the 12th and 16th centuries. In the above mentioned centuries, it is possible to notice an evolution from a feudal ecclesiastical principality, ruled by prince-patriarchs, ecclesiastical institutions and nobility, to a more fluid and dynamic constitution formed by new classes which rose up in times of urban and economic development. But this development struggles to delete the old system, which persisted until the end of 18th century with the arrival of Napoleon. The transition from the Patriarch＇s power to Venice＇s dominion seems to have created two main consequences： by one hand a more bureaucratic and modem structure of the State, by the other hand a consolidation of the old connections between patrons and clients, consequence of the ＂modem＂ feudal system that consolidated its roots in the Late Middle Ages centuries.
文摘Floor diaphragms may provide an effective solution for reducing the seismic vulnerability of masonry buildings. Unfortunately, diaphragms are usually not present in historical building with wooden floors but often they are non present even in old R/C buildings where floors were made without shear reinforcement. A possible strengthening technique could be based on the application of a thin concrete plate reintbrced with a welded mesh. In order to reduce the thickness of the plate, some suitable solutions may be obtained by using Fiber Reinforced Concrete （FRC） since the minimum concrete cover is no longer required because the reinforcement （fibers） is spread all over the concrete matrix. The adoption of FRC floor diaphragms is proposed and discussed in this paper; the early results from a preliminary numerical study are analyzed in order to asses the feasibility of this new strengthening technique and better organize an experimental program that is currently in progress.
文摘This study evaluates the extent of voluntary disclosure in the annual reports of non-financial companies listed at the Amman Stock Exchange （ASE） for the year 2006. The study adopts the disclosure index suggested by Haddad, AI-Shattarat ＆ Nobanee （2009） and evaluates the voluntary disclosure for the Jordanian companies for the year 2006 at three levels： the first provides a description and analysis of the overall voluntary disclosure; the second covers the extent to which each individual item of information is disclosed; the third covers the type of information （e.g., financial information, historical information, management discussion）. The results of the study reveal that there was a considerable variation in the disclosure of the index items and also among the listed companies. On average, a company disclosed about 28.95% of the items applicable to it, and only six out of the 53 companies received disclosure scores greater than 50%. It was also found that 50 items out of 62 items included in the index had a disclosure below 50%, and 10 items had disclosure of less than 10%. With respect to the evaluation of different types of information, the analyses indicated that the category of the background information, the category of financial ratios and the category of management discussions were better disclosed in corporate annual reports than the other types of information.
文摘Decision-making of investors at the stock exchange can be based on the fundamental indicators of stocks, on the technical indicators, or can exist as a combination of these two methods. The paper gives emphasis to the domain of technical analysis. In the broader sense the technical analysis enables the dynamics of the expected future values of the shares estimation. This can be performed on the basis of the data on historical trends of the revenues, profits and other indicators from the balance sheet, but also on the basis of historical data on changes in the values of the shares. Companies generally belong to the different sectors that have different presumptions of development resulting from the global market trends, technology and other characteristic. Processing of historical data values of the outstanding shares of the Zagreb Stock Exchange （ZSE） is origination of this research. Investors are interested to know the estimation of future returns for the stocks as well as the size of the risk associated with the expected returns. Research task in this paper is finding the optimal portfolio at the ZSE based on the concept of dominant portfolio by Markowitz approach. The portfolio is created by solving non-linear programming problem using the common software tools. The results of obtained optimal portfolios contain relevant conclusions about the specifics of the shares as well as the characteristics of the industrial sectors but also provide a further knowledge about diverse sectors treatment at the stock exchange in a multi-year period.
文摘The old-aged confrontation between “East” and “West”, between “civilization” and “barbarism”, between “Christianity” and “Islam” came to new heights in the early modern times and found its arena in Central Europe. Since the late 15th century, the Ottoman Turks had been feared as menace, as the most dreadful enemies not only of the inhabitants of the Habsburg ruled countries but of the whole world of Christianity, and the Ottoman Turks did pose a permanent threat to their neighbours in Central Europe. The situation changed around 1700 when the Habsburgs succeeded in integrating the entire Hungarian Kingdom into their empire. From the early 18th century onwards the Ottoman Turks were no longer regarded as fierce fighters but increasingly as neighbours living in an unknown and totally different world and gained more and more curious attention. This change was not only the consequence of the new balance in power politics but mainly a sequel of gaining much more information. Up to the late 17th century the knowledge about the Ottoman Turks was based primarily on what had been reported by ambassadors travelling to Constantinople while in the 18th century people of several strands of life reported about their experiences. After the Peace of Passarowitz in 1718 trade agreements between the two states enabled activities of merchants and tradesmen who learned to know things about their eastern neighbours which were totally new to the Middle European contemporaries. Additionally, some elements of this ＂oriental＂ culture were taken over and were to become typical for Central Europe later on. The Turks were curiously observed as strange and fascinating neighbours. In the course of the movement of enlightenment from the middle of the 18th century onwards one aspect of this culture lost much of its dreadfulness： the fact that the Ottoman Turks were infidels. So it did not take very long until Ottomans were seen as being capable of true humanity regardless their religion. In the 19th century the multiethnic state organizations of the Ottoman Empire and the Habsburg Monarchy became outmoded in this age of nationalism. They realized their common interests and started a cooperation which eventually ended up as alliance in theWorld War I. From the point of view of power politics however, the Ottoman Empire was regarded as “sick man at the Bosporus”. In the following the changes of the image are shown as an overview by observing the criteria against the background of the most important historical events. The details of how this process worked are still pretty murky. Further investigations are already on the way and will bring more light into the reasons and the mechanism of this development.
文摘Since China＇s reform and accession to the world trade organization （WTO）, the international labor division, cooperation, and communication of production have been a direction of the global productivity development. The expansion of the world trade organization and the growth of multinational corporations have promoted China＇s market economy to head for internationalization; the exchanges of all countries＇ science and technology, culture, and education have become increasingly frequent and beyond the borders very early, so opening-up has become a world trend. China is playing an important role in this historical process. In this situation, the importance of language translation is increasing day by day, and an unprecedented prosperous situation has especially appeared to the interpretation. In order to accord with this new historical situation, many colleges and universities have set up language translation program and have offered interpretation course. To promote the economic development of China and train more senior interpreters, the studies of interpretation teaching and the improvement of interpretation teaching quality have been particularly important. In this paper, the relationship among memory, note-taking, and psychological factors are analyzed.
