Aim To study the saponin constituents of the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var. chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang. Methods Compounds were separated and purified by macroreticular resin column chromatography and high...Aim To study the saponin constituents of the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var. chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang. Methods Compounds were separated and purified by macroreticular resin column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and hydrolysis analysis. Results Six compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extracts. They were identified as escins IVc, IVd, Ia, Ib, isoescins Ia and Ib, respectively. Conclusion The above compounds were obtained from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var.chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang for the first time.展开更多
In the work reported here, the potential of different methods （cold and hot water, and ethanolic） of extraction of Indian almond （Terminalia catappa L.）, fresh and fallen leaves as an anti-bacterial agent was inve...In the work reported here, the potential of different methods （cold and hot water, and ethanolic） of extraction of Indian almond （Terminalia catappa L.）, fresh and fallen leaves as an anti-bacterial agent was investigated. The hot water extract did not show any spectrum of activity against the selected bacteria while the cold water extract showed slight antibacterial activity suggesting that the effective components are heat labile. The ethanolic extracts of the leaves have higher antibiotic spectrum of activity than the cold water extract showing ethanol to be a better solvent in extracting the effective component. The fallen leaves seem to have a higher concentration of the effective component against the bacteria while ethanolic extract of the fresh leaves have similar spectrum of activity to Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofuratoin. These suggest that some effective components are lost when leaves fall off while some seem to increase in concentration. Fresh and fallen leaves contain tannin and flavonoids. In addition, the fallen leaves contain flavones. This might be responsible for the higher activity of fallen leaves extract observed against Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus spp. in our study. Combined use of extracts from fresh and fallen leaves broadened the spectrum of activity.展开更多
Secondary metabolites produced by plants can be used in popular medicine, as well they can interact with plants and other organisms, in which case they are called allelochemicals and influence the neighboring ecosyste...Secondary metabolites produced by plants can be used in popular medicine, as well they can interact with plants and other organisms, in which case they are called allelochemicals and influence the neighboring ecosystem. This work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effects of Schinus molle L. species widely used in reforestation and urban afforestation. Therefore, leaves of S. Molle were collected from different populations located at Alfenas and Nepomuceno in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cypselae of lettuce （Lactuca sativa L.） were germinated in biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） chamber at 25 ℃ with a photoperiod of 12 h under different extracts concentrations. The experiment was performed in factorial design （2 × 4） with two kinds of extracts （aqueous and ethanol） and four concentrations （2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL） in randomized blocks. The variables analyzed were germination （%）, germination speed index （GS1）, % of normal seedlings, root length, fresh biomass and dry biomass. Changes in the cell cycle in meristematic cells of the used model were also evaluated. Concentration-dependent effect on all parameters was observed, with the exception of dry biomass exposed to ethanol extract. The root elongation parameter was different between the extracts even in lower concentrations, thus indicating that this is the most sensitive parameter of this species. Toxic effect from S. rnolle extracts was observed in all parameters regardless the kind of pruning management or method of extraction （water or ethanol）.展开更多
文摘Aim To study the saponin constituents of the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var. chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang. Methods Compounds were separated and purified by macroreticular resin column chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and hydrolysis analysis. Results Six compounds were isolated from the 70% ethanolic extracts. They were identified as escins IVc, IVd, Ia, Ib, isoescins Ia and Ib, respectively. Conclusion The above compounds were obtained from the seeds of Aesculus chinensis Bunge var.chekiangensis (Hu et Fang) Fang for the first time.
文摘In the work reported here, the potential of different methods （cold and hot water, and ethanolic） of extraction of Indian almond （Terminalia catappa L.）, fresh and fallen leaves as an anti-bacterial agent was investigated. The hot water extract did not show any spectrum of activity against the selected bacteria while the cold water extract showed slight antibacterial activity suggesting that the effective components are heat labile. The ethanolic extracts of the leaves have higher antibiotic spectrum of activity than the cold water extract showing ethanol to be a better solvent in extracting the effective component. The fallen leaves seem to have a higher concentration of the effective component against the bacteria while ethanolic extract of the fresh leaves have similar spectrum of activity to Ciprofloxacin and Nitrofuratoin. These suggest that some effective components are lost when leaves fall off while some seem to increase in concentration. Fresh and fallen leaves contain tannin and flavonoids. In addition, the fallen leaves contain flavones. This might be responsible for the higher activity of fallen leaves extract observed against Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus spp. in our study. Combined use of extracts from fresh and fallen leaves broadened the spectrum of activity.
文摘Secondary metabolites produced by plants can be used in popular medicine, as well they can interact with plants and other organisms, in which case they are called allelochemicals and influence the neighboring ecosystem. This work aimed to evaluate the allelopathic effects of Schinus molle L. species widely used in reforestation and urban afforestation. Therefore, leaves of S. Molle were collected from different populations located at Alfenas and Nepomuceno in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Cypselae of lettuce （Lactuca sativa L.） were germinated in biochemical oxygen demand （BOD） chamber at 25 ℃ with a photoperiod of 12 h under different extracts concentrations. The experiment was performed in factorial design （2 × 4） with two kinds of extracts （aqueous and ethanol） and four concentrations （2.5, 5, 10 and 20 mg/mL） in randomized blocks. The variables analyzed were germination （%）, germination speed index （GS1）, % of normal seedlings, root length, fresh biomass and dry biomass. Changes in the cell cycle in meristematic cells of the used model were also evaluated. Concentration-dependent effect on all parameters was observed, with the exception of dry biomass exposed to ethanol extract. The root elongation parameter was different between the extracts even in lower concentrations, thus indicating that this is the most sensitive parameter of this species. Toxic effect from S. rnolle extracts was observed in all parameters regardless the kind of pruning management or method of extraction （water or ethanol）.
