毛竹叶化学成分对叶部主要害虫影响的通径分析

利用对竹叶可溶性糖、蛋白质、单宁和类黄酮含量的测定和毛竹叶部主要害虫种群的系统调查等资料,采用通径分析研究了竹叶4类化学成分对竹刺瘿螨、南京裂爪螨、竹缺爪螨、竹小爪螨、蠕须盾蚧和刚竹毒蛾等害虫的影响。结果表明:除竹刺瘿螨和南京裂爪螨外,竹叶化学成分对其余4种叶部害虫有着显著影响。这种影响主要表现为对各害虫种群的抑制作用;对于竹缺爪螨,直接作用以可溶性糖的影响最大,间接作用以类黄酮通过可溶性糖的影响较大;对于竹小爪螨,直接作用以单宁的影响最大,间接作用中则以类黄酮通过单宁的影响最大;对于蠕须盾蚧,直接作用以类黄酮的影响最大,间接作用以单宁通过类黄酮的影响最大;对于刚竹毒蛾,直接作用以蛋白质的影响最大,间接作用以类黄酮通过蛋白质的影响最大。

异叶三宝木中倍半萜类化学成分研究

综合运用硅胶柱色谱、ODS反相硅胶柱色谱、Sephadex LH-20凝胶柱色谱及制备型高效液相等现在色谱分离技术对大戟科三宝木属植物异叶三宝木Trigonostemon heterophyllus枝叶中的化学成分进行系统的分离和纯化。根据化合物的理化性质和波谱数据,并通过与文献对照,鉴定了从异叶三宝木枝叶85%乙醇提取物的石油醚萃取部位中分离得到的8个倍半萜类化合物,分别鉴定为:9-hydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one(1)、9,10-dihydroxy-4,7-megastigmadien-3-one(2)、blumenol A(3)、4,5-dihydroblumenol A(4)、dehydrovomifoliol(5)、3-hydroxy-β-ionone(6)、sarmentol F(7)和5,12-epoxy-9-hydroxy-7-megastigmen-3-one(8)。所有化合物均为首次从三宝木属植物中分离得到。

金银花叶的研究进展

金银花是我国传统的中药植物，具有清热解毒、凉风散热、抗病毒、保肝利胆等功能。金银花和藤均可药用，分别为05版药典收载品种金银花和忍冬藤。近年来国内外研究者开始对金银花进行研究，并取得了突飞猛进的发展。它的副产物——叶片被视为非药用部位而长期未得到充分利用。现代研究也证明，忍冬茎叶，

高粱抗高粱蚜的生化基础

高粱中的可溶性总氮、可溶性总糖和绝大部分游离氨基酸,特别是必需氨基酸,在感性品种中的含量显著地比抗性品种中的含量高。感性品种叶液微偏酸,抗性品种近中性。多元回归分析表明,高梁对高粱蚜Melanaphis sacchari (Zehntner)的抗性与可溶性总氮、可溶性总糖和游离氨基酸的含量呈反相关。

Chemical constituents from the roots of Polygala sibirica L.

To investigate the chemical constituents of the roots ofPolygala sibirica L. The separation and purification were performed by solvent extraction and repeated chromatography with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, ODS columns, and semiprep. HPLC. The structures were elucidated by spectral analysis. Twelve known compounds were isolated and identified as tenuifoliside A （1）, tenuifoliside B （2）, glomeratose A （3）, 3＇,6-disinapoyl sucrose （4）, sibiricose A5 （5）, sibiricose A6 （6）, sibiricose A1 （7）, sibiricose A2 （8）, polygalatenoside E （9）, 1-O-L-arabinopyranosyl-O-（6→1）-β-D-glucopyranosyl-salicylate （10）, canthoside A （11）, and methyl- 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate （12）. Compound 11 was obtained from genus Polygala for the first time, and compounds 2, 9, 10 and 12 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Two Minor Saponins from Leaves of Panax ginseng C. A.Meyer

Two minor saponins were isolated from the leaves of P. ginseng and their struc-tures were elucidated as 3β,12β, 20(S)-trihydroxyl-dammar-24(25)-ene-(20-O-α-L-arabinofurano-syl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1),and 3β,12β, 20(S)-trihydroxyl-dam-mar-24(25)-ene-(20-O-α-L-arabinopyranosyl(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-3-O-β-glucopyranoside(2),respectively The fonner corresponds to notoginsenoside-Fe which is isolated for the first time from the title plant The latter is a new natural product and named as ginsenoside-Rd2.

FTIR Spectroscopic Study of Broad Bean Diseased Leaves

[Objective] The aim was to indentify diseased leaves of broad bean by vibra- tional spectroscopy. [Method] In this paper, broad bean rust, fusarium rhizome rot, broad bean zonate spot, yellow leaf curl virus and normal leaves were studied using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with chemometrics. [Result] The spectra of the samples were similar, only with minor differences in absorption inten- sity of several peaks. Second derivative analyses show that the significant difference of all samples was in the range of 1 200-700 cm2. The data in the range of 1 200- 700 cm＇ were selected to evaluate correlation coefficients, hierarchical cluster analy- sis （HCA） and principal component analysis （PCA）. Results showed that the correla- tion coefficients are larger than 0.928 not only between the healthy leaves, but also between the same diseased leaves. The values between healthy and diseased leaves, and among diseased leaves, are all declined. HCA and PCA yielded about 73.3% and 82.2% accuracy, respectively. [Conclusion] This study demonstrated that FTIR techniques might be used to detect crop diseases.

Analysis of Volatile Constituents in Bamboo Leaves Using HS-GC/MS

[Objective] This study aimed to analyze the volatile constituents in bamboo leaves. [Method] The volatile compositions in bamboo leaves were analyzed by headspace-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-GC/MS）, and identified by searching their mass spectra in NIST database. The relative percentages of them were calculated by the GC peak areas. [Result] Fifty-three chemical constituents in bamboo leaves were separated. Among them, the main components were alcohols, ketones and aldehydes, and these compounds contained unsaturated bonds. [Con- clusion] HS-GC/MS was simple and less sample-demanding and can be used for rapid analysis of volatile constituents in bamboo leaves and provide scientific basis for further research and development of bamboo leaves.

Effects of Tobacco-rice Continuous Cropping Years on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Tobacco Yield and Quality

To investigate the effects of long term tobacco-rice continuous cropping on soil nutrients and flue-cured tobacco leaf yield and quality, the soils of different con- tinuous cropping years were selected in tobacco-rice multiple system of Hengyang. Some important indexes, including pH, contents of organic matter and available nu- trients of N P K, contents of medium trace elements of soil samples, and contents of main chemical components of flue-cured tobacco samples were detected for fur- ther analyzing. The results showed that pH value of moderate continuous cropping soil（≤7 years） was more coordinated, in addition, leaf yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were contained, and the sugar-nicotine ratio and potassium-chlorine ratio were proper. However, under long-term continuous cropping （≥10 years） condition, the soil became acidification, and yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco de- clined. It was suggested that improving soil quality by planting green manure or keeping fallow after continuous cropping 7 years in tobacco-rice system.

Quality Evaluation and Comprehensive Analysis of Flue-cured Tobacco Leaf in Fuzhou

The appearance quality, physical properties, chemical components and sensory quality of 69 flue-cured tobacco leaf samples from 6 counties of Fuzhou City in 2013 were analyzed and evaluated, and were compared with those in southeast area of China. The results showed that the flue-cured tobacco leaves in Fuzhou in 2013 had better hygroscopicity, toughness and filling ability, as well as suitable dragging force. However, some of the tobacco leaves were slightly thin, and had relatively high stem ratio. The tobacco leaves in Fuzhou had higher potassium content, lower starch content, and higher potassium to chlorine ratio. The middle tobacco leaves had better coordination of chemical components and general sensory quality（medium to medium-super level）. Most upper and middle flue-cured tobacco leaf samples had medium-super aroma quality, relatively sufficient aroma quantity,and relatively concentrated smoke; while the lower flue-cured tobacco leaves had little aroma quantity and insufficient smoke. The appearance quality score of lower tobacco leaf samples in Fuzhou in 2013 was slightly lower than that in southeastand whole China. The scores of maturity and leaf structure of middle tobacco leaves in Fuzhou were equivalent to those in southeast China and the national averages.The upper leaves in Fuzhou obtained an equivalent score in oil content and slightly lower scores in other indexes as compared with those in southeast China.The middle-lower tobacco leaves in Fuzhou had better hygroscopicity and toughness compared with those in southeastand whole China. The total alkaloid content per plant andreducing sugar content and potassium content in the middle and lower parts were higher than those in southeast and whole China. However, the scores of coordination of chemical components of lower and upper tobacco leaves in Fuzhou were slightly lower than those in southeast and whole China. The sensory quality of the 3 parts of tobacco leaves in Fuzhou were similar to that in southeast and whole China, but the score of consistency of upper tobacco leaves in Fuzhou was slightly higher.

Three-Stage Six-Step Flue-Curing Technology for Viginia Tobacco Leaves and Its Application in China

In order to overcome the problem that the leaf yellowing stage in tobacco curing reduces the fragrance of the product, this study introduced the principle and key parameters of a three-stage six-step curing technology. The field trail was conducted in Wulong county of Chongqing city in 2010, and Virginia K326 was the tested cultivar. The middle leaves were harvested and plaited after maturity, and then cured with the three-stage six-step curing technology and traditional three-stage curing technology, respectively. Three replicates were established for each of the two curing technologies. Then, chemical constituents, aromatic substances and smoking quality were analyzed. The results show that compared with the traditional three-stage curing technology, the three-stage six-step curing technology produces more suitable ratios of chemical constituents, higher aromatic component content and higher smoking quality grade of tobacco leaves. Therefore, the continuous improvement of corollary equipment and matching technologies is expected to widen the applications of the three-stage six-step curing technology in tobacco and provide a strong technical support for the development of the tobacco industry.

Comparative analysis of chemical components between barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver

The chemical components of the essential oils in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were analyzed and compared by chromatograms and mass spectra technique, heuristic evolving latent projections (HELP), alternative moving window factor analysis (AMWFA) algorithms and normalization method based on the peak areas; the flavones in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver were separated on an ODS column by gradient elution carried out with the flow phase consisting of water, methanol and phosphoric acid (0.1%), and their contents were quantitatively determined by standard curve method and diode array detection (DAD) at 362 nm. The results show that 68 and 73 compounds respectively from essential oils of the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver are identified, and there are 33 mutual compounds among 108 compounds determined. The total contents of these volatile components of the two samples possess 92.9% and 97.75% of the gross of the relevant essential oils, respectively; the contents of the rutin, quercetin and kaempferol in the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver are 0.016 9, 0.003 6, 0.002 1 and 0.064 4, 0.030 2, 0.010 0 mg/g, respectively, and the determination recoveries are 95.2%-106.2%. The comparative analysis shows that for the barks and leaves of Eucommia ulmoides Oliver, there are significant differences in their components of the relevant essential oils and flavones.

Effect of Controlled Atmosphere Storage(CAS)Technology of Flue-cured Tobacco Laminas on the Alcoholization Quality of Tobacco

To achieve the continuous maintainence of optimum quality state of flue- cured tobacco laminas and the effective regulation and control on alcoholization time for controlled atmosphere storage （CAS） method in the process of storage, the lam- ina samples of natural alcoholization for 1 year were selected. Comparable analysis on the appearance quality, chemical components and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas in the process of alcoholization was carried out by using the meth- ods of CAS and natural alcoholization. The results showed that appearance and color through the treatment of natural alcoholization were deep, browning and ac- companied by the phenomenon of oil, while color scale of flue-cured tobacco lami- nas through the treatment of CAS was uniform, fullness was better, and these two methods were close or identical after opening for 3 months. The contents of total sugar and reducing sugar during the process of alcoholization were also gradually decreased, but the ratio of reducing sugar to total sugar of laminas via CAS was higher than that of the natural alcoholization treatment. Compared with the natural alcoholization,the descending trends of total nitrogen and nicotine contents during CAS were gentler, the ratio via CAS was closer to 1, and the coordination of chemical components was more superior. During the period of alcoholization for 6 to 12 months, sensory quality of laminas via the natural alcoholization treatment was more superior than that of CAS treatment. However, after 18 months of alcoholiza- tion, sensory quality of laminas via the CAS treatment was more superior than that of the natural alcoholization treatment, and the CAS treatment could improve opti- mum sensory quality by 0.5 to 1.5 scores. Additionally, the CAS treatment could prolong the time of optimum alcoholization quality for 6 months, compared with the treatment of natural alcoholization. The CAS method could influence the alcohoJiza- tion quality of flue-cured tobacco laminas and prolong the retention period of opti- mum quality status for flue-cured tobacco laminas by regulating the environmental aas composition, thereby realizin.q quality control of flue-cured tobacco laminas.

Study on the separation and mechanism of the enzymolysis of Dioscorea Zingiberensis

Based on a through study of the chemical compositions of Dioscorea Zingiberensis, a new separation technology is presented in this paper. This technology can effectively separate the starch and cellulose from Dioscorea Zingiberensis, thus the output of diosgenin is raised by 20%. Meanwhile using the suspension after separation, the synergy of enzymes, which are under the best condition for enzymolysis is studied, and an enzymolysis model, which uses two enzymes at the same time, is established. This model provides a theoretical basis for finding new enzyme resources. What＇s more orthogonal experiments show that by using this model, either the output of diosgenin can be increased by 50.58% or the amount of acid used can be reduced by 83% which means less pollution.

Chemical constituents of Rhodiola kirilowii Maxim.

Chemical constituents of the whole herb of Rhodiola kirilowii(Regl) Maxim.were investigated.The separation of the constituents was achieved by using a combination of various chromatographic techniques including column chromatography over silica gel,ODS,Sephadex LH-20 and reversed-phase HPLC.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic techniques including 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy.Eleven compounds were obtained and identified as 4-hydroxyphenylethyl-(4'- methoxyphenylethyl)ether(1),1-(2-hydroxy-2-methylbutanoate)-β-D-glucopyranose(2),4-ethoxy-phenylethanol acetate(3),p-hydroxyacetophenone (4),p-hydroxy-benzoic acid ethylester(5),4-hydroxybenzoic acid(6),4-hydroxybenzaldehyde(7),R(-)-mellein (8),stigmasterol(9),4-methoxy-phenylethanol(10),and methylgallate(11).Among them,1 and 2 are new compounds; compounds 3,5,7,8,and 10 were isolated from Rhodiola genus for the first time;and compounds 4,6,9,and 11 were isolated from Rhodiola kirilowii(Regl) Maxim.for the first time.

Sesquiterpenes from the aerial parts of Artemisia vestita Wall.

A chemical investigation of the aerial parts ofArtemisia vestita Wall. led to the isolation of 12 known sesquiterpenes, including 2 furan-containing sesquiterpenoids and 10 eudesmane sesquiterpene lactones. Their structures were identified as negunfurol （1）, schensianol A （2）, artemine （3）, erivanin （4）, 1,5-diepi-artemin （5）, acetylartemin （6）, naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2（3H）-one, 6-（acetyloxy） decahydro-9a-hydroxy-3,Sa-dimethyl-9-methylene-（3S,3aS,5aS,6S,9aS, ghS） （7）, naphtho[1,2-b]furan-2（3H）-one, 6-（acetyloxy）- 3a,4,5,5a,6,7,8,9b-octahydro-8-hydroxy-3,Sa,9-trimethyl- （3S,3aS, SaR,6S, SS,9bS） （8）, isoerivanin （9）, harrelierin （10）, （11S）-1- oxoeudesm-4（14）-eno-13,6a-lactone （11）, 1-epi-dehydroisoeranin （12）, respectively. All of these compounds were isolated from Artemisia vestita for the first time, and compounds 1 and 2 were isolated from the genus Artemisia for the first time.

Flavonoids from the herb of Bidens pilosa L.

Chemical constituents of the whole herb of Bidens pilosa L. were investigated. By using various column chromatography （CC） and spectroscopic methods, 13 flavonoids were isolated and identified as follows： 2′-hydroxy-4,4′-dimethoxy-chalcone （1）, isoliquiritigenin （2）, 3,2′,4′-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-chalcone （3）, licochalcone A （4）,4′-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-2′,3-dihydroxy-4-methoxy-chalcone （5）, butein （6）, apigenin （7）, luteolin （8）, diosmetin （9）, chrysoeriol （10）, 3,5,6,7,3′,4′,5′-heptamethoxyflavone （11）, 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyt-5,3′dihydroxy-3,6,4′-trimethoxyfiavone （12）, sulfuretin （13）. Compounds 1-5, 9, 11 were obtained from the genus Bidens for the first time.

Triterpenoids from the stems of Uncaria macrophylla

Nineteen triterpenoids, including eleven ursane triterpenoids and eight olenane triterpenoids, were isolated from the stems of Uncaria macrophylla Wall. by comprehensive chromatographic methods. Structure elucidation of the compounds was succeeded by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Twelve compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, among which six compounds were obtained from the genus Uncaria for the first time.

Flavonoids from Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm.

Phytochemical investigation of Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm. led to the isolation of 11 known flavonoids. Their structures were identified as genkwanin（1）, hispidulin（2）, 3＇-hydroxy-genkwanin（3）, chrysoeriol（4）, apigenin（5）, 5,7,3＇,4＇-tetrahydroxy-6,5＇-dimethoxy-flavone（6）, kumatakenin（7）, quercetin（8）, patuletin（9）, quercetagetin-3,6,7-trimethylether（10） and 7,3＇,4＇-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-flavone（11） by spectroscopic methods. Ten compounds（2–11） were isolated from this title plant for the first time, and five compounds（3, 6, 7, 10 and 11） were isolated from genus Artemisia for the first time.

Chemical constituents from the leaves of Ilex asprella (Hook.et Arn.) Champ.ex Benth.

Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of Ilex aspralla （Hook. et Am.） Champ. ex Benth. led to the isolation of eleven compounds （1-11）. By comparison with those reported data in the literatures their structures were identified as kaempferol-3-O-β-D- 6＂-acetylglucopyranoside （1）, kaempferol-4＇-methylether （2）, quercetin （3）, quercetin-3-O-glucopyranoside （4）, tormentoside （5）, suavissimoside R1 （6）, 3β,19α-dihydroxyolean-12-ene-24,28-dioicacid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranoside （7）, 3-O-β-sulfooxy-19-hydroxy- urs-12-ene-28-oic acid （8）, coniferin （9）, adenoside （10）, 1＇-O-benzyl-ct-L-rhamnopyranosyl-（l＂→6＇）-β-D-glucopyranoside （11）. Among these, six compounds （1, 2, 5, 9-11） were firstly reported from the genus Ilex, and five compounds （3, 4, 6-8） were isolated for the first time from llex aspralla.