高浓度浆体流变参数测定的新方法

针对高浓度浆体流变参数测定难的问题 ,提出了一种新的流变参数测定方法 .用十字形叶头代替传统旋转粘度计的圆柱形测量元件 ,解决了测定过程中圆柱形测量元件易“打滑”和浆体容易“离析”等问题 ;理论上证明了可以通过测电动机工作电流和转速实现浆体流变参数的确定 ,从而为浆体流变参数的在线测量提供了可靠的理论依据 ;最后对仪器的标定方法进行了讨论 .

A New Species of the Genus Placidus Distant (Homoptera: Cicadellidae: Stegel ytrinae) from Nepal

A new species, Placidus incurvatus sp. nov. from Nepal is described and the genus is placed in Stegelytrinae, new placement.

Leafhopper subtribe Eupelicina (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae)——a new record from China

The leafhopper subtribe Eupelicina and its type genus Eupelix Germar （1821） are reported for the first time from China. A new record species, Eupelix cuspidata （Fabricius, 1775）, is redescribed and illustrated from Helan Mountains of Inner Mongolia in China.

Biogeography of the leafhopper subfamily Stegelytrinae(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae),based on a cluster analysis of geographical distribution in areas of endemism combined with phylogeny of the subfamily

Biogeography of the leaflaopper subfamily Stegelytrinae Baker is studied based on an analysis of geographical distribution of this subfamily worldwide using a cluster analysis of the zoological distribution of areas of endemism as well as the phylogeny of representatives of this subfamily. Results show that the Stegelytrinae mainly occur in the Oriental Region and in the Mediterranean area of the Palaearctic Region, and this extends to the east side of both Wallaee＇s and Weber＇s lines. Eleven areas of endemism of this subfamily are recognized. The proportions of endemic taxa in different areas of endemism are generally very high in comparison with other leaflaopper groups, but distinct differences could be found among the different areas of endemism of Stegelytrinae. This subfamily is most intensively diversified in the Indochina Peninsula （INCN）. This is the stegelytrine distribution center, having the highest biodiversity at both genetic and species levels. The dendrogram of endemic areas of Stegelytrinae constructed using cluster analysis of the zoological distribution of Stegelytrinae at generic level shows the endemic areas of Stegelytrinae can be divided into 4 large groups. Relationships among different endemic areas of Stegelytrinae correspond largely to the geologic history of related areas, which indicates that the evolution and vicariance of this subfamily have been closely related to the history of continental drift and climate changes. It is deduced that the presumed monophyletic Stegelytrinae originated in the Oriental Region after North America had separated from Eurasia; this is the case in the monophyletic genera group which is supported by the lateral frontal sutures extending dorsally well beyond the corresponding ocellus. In addition, two expanding traces of the Stegelytrinae are presumed, which remain plausible explanations for the dispersal of Stegelytrinae： （1） New Guinea （and probably （＋ Australia）） - Kalimantan - Sumatra - Malay Peninsula - Indochina Peninsula - Central and Southern China - （Southwestern China ＋ Nepal ＋ Northeastern India） - （Northwestern India ＋ Eastern Afghanistan）; and （2） Indochina Peninsula- Central and Southern China- （Western Asia ＋ Mediterranean Sea coastal area）.

A new record genus and species—Aconura ochrargentea (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini) from China

The grass-feeding leafhopper genus and species Aconura ochrargentea Emeljanov（Hemiptera： Cicadellidae： Deltocephalinae： Chiasmini） are newly recorded from China; this species was previously known only from Mongolia. A redescription of the genus and species is provided together with a checklist of the known species in this genus.

优质乌龙茶制作技术

一、摇茶树鲜叶。鲜叶放在匾上经柔弱的阳光晾软后,将鲜叶倒入圆形的茶笼里。摇鲜叶时,应视鲜叶的柔软程度,尔后选择是重摇或是轻摇。鲜叶头遍约摇5分钟左右,两遍约10分钟,第三遍10～20分钟,第四遍25～30分钟,头两遍间隔时间2～3小时。

Comparison of locomotor behaviour between white-headed langurs Trachypithecus leucocephalus and Franois' langurs T. franoisi in Fusui,China

We studied the locomotor behaviour of white-headed langurs Trachypithecus leucocephalus and Francois＇ langurs T.francoisi to test two hypotheses： （1） these monkeys have evolved locomotor ability to support their activities on limestone hills, and （2） Francois＇ langurs have evolved more diverse locomotor skills than white-headed langurs. Data were collected from 1996 - 1998 and in 2005 in Fusui Nature Reserve, Guangxi, and showed that the two species had similar locomotor types, but Francois＇ langurs had more locomotor modes （26） than white-headed langurs （12）. Quadrupedal walking and leaping were two major types, and white-headed langurs were more arboreal than Francois＇ langurs. We suggest that, while keeping their ancestral locomotor types, the two species have evolved new types allowing them to live on limestone cliffs. Compared to white-headed langurs, Francois＇ langurs have more diverse locomotor modes that probably have allowed them to live in more habitat types. As an evolutionary outcome, Francois＇ langurs have a larger distribution range .

A taxonomic review of the leafhopper genus Emeljanovianus Dlabola (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Paralimnini)

The genus Emeljanovianus Dlabola is reviewed and recorded for the first time from China. Five species are recognized in the genus： E. acarifer （Lethierry）, E. hilaris （Melichar）, E. magnus Mitjaev, E. medius （Mulsant ＆ Rey） and E. pratensis Emeljanov. Among them, the species E. hilaris （Melichar） and E. medius （Mulsant ＆ Rey） are reported from China for the first time. A key is given to distinguish the species, and illustrations of male genitalia are provided. The illustrations of female genitalia are also provided for the first time.

The leafhopper genus Helionides Matsumura(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Empoascini) from China

The leafhopper genus Helionides Matsumura from China is reviewed, four species are transferred from Acia McAtee to Helionides as new combinations, and two species are reported for the first time from China. A key to the species （males） of Helionides from China is provided.

Survey of cyanomyovirus abundance in Shantou coastal waters by g20

To understand the genetic diversity and population changes in cyanophages in the coastal waters of Shantou, northeast South China Sea, we used the capsid assembly protein gene g20 as a marker of the abundance and phylogeny of natural cyanomyovirus communities. The abundance of total viruses, heterotrophic bacteria, and picophytoplankton in the coastal waters was monitored with flow cytometry. Hydrological parameters （NO3^-, NO2^-, NH3, soluble reactive phosphorus, total dissolved nitrogen, total dissolved phosphorus, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll a concentration） and microbial abundance （total viruses, total bacteria, Prochlorococcus, Synechococcus, and eukaryotes） were measured in the upper and lower layers at four sampling sites in the research area. In the direct viral counts, cyanomyoviruses accounted for 1.92% to 〉10% of the total viral community. A phylogenetic analysis showed that the g20 sequences in the Shantou coastal waters were very diverse, distributed in eight distinct operational taxonomic units, including the newly formed Cluster W. The g20 gene copies inferred from real time PCR assay indicated that cyanomyovimses were correlated significantly with the heterotrophic bacteria numbers and the nitrate and chlorophyll a concentrations. These results suggest that cyanomyoviruses are ubiquitous and are an abundant component of the virioplankton in Shantou coastal waters.

Study on the leafhopper genus Goniagnathus Fieber(Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) from Pakistan with a newly recorded species

Goniagnathus(Tropicognathus) punctifer(Walker) is recorded from Pakistan for the first time. A worldwide checklist of the species in the genus Goniagnathus is provided and a key to distinguish the known subgenera and species from Pakistan is also provided.

INTERPOLATION OF HEAD-RELATED TRANSFER FUNCTIONS USING SPHERICAL FOURIER EXPANSION

A new interpolation algorithm for Head-Related Transfer Function （HRTF） is proposed to realize 3D sound reproduction via headphones in arbitrary spatial direction. HRTFs are modeled as a weighted sum of spherical harmonics on a spherical surface. Truncated Singular Value Decomposition （SVD） is adopted to calculate the weights of the model. The truncation number is chosen according to Frobenius norm ratio and the partial condition number. Compared with other interpolated methods, our proposed approach not only is continuous but exploits global information of available directions. The HRTF from any desired direction can be and interpolated results demonstrate that our obtained more accurately and robustly. Reconstructed proposed algorithm acquired better performance.

Flow-induced Noise and Vibration Analysis of a Piping Elbow with/without a Guide Vane

The effect of a guide vane installed at the elbow on flow-induced noise and vibration is investigated in the range of Reynolds numbers from 1.70×10^5 to 6.81×10^5, and the position of guide vane is determined by publications. The turbulent flow in the piping elbow is simulated with large eddy simulation （LES）. Following this, a hybrid method of combining LES and Lighthill＇s acoustic analogy theory is used to simulate the hydrodynamic noise and sound sources are solved as volume sources in code Actran. In addition, the flow-induced vibration of the piping elbow is investigated based on a fluid-structure interaction （FSI） code. The LES results indicate that the range of vortex zone in the elbow without the guide vane is larger than the case with the guide vane, and the guide vane is effective in reducing flow-induced noise and vibration in the 90° piping elbow at different Reynolds numbers.

Two newly recorded leafhopper genera of the subfamily Deltocephalinae(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae) from Pakistan

The leafhopper genus Changwhania Kwon and subgenus Limotettix（Scleroracus） Van Duzee are reported for the first time from Pakistan. A widely-distributed species Changwhania ceylonensis Baker, 1925n.rec. and the Nearctic species Scleroracus cacheolus n. rec. are described and illustrated in this paper.

Habitat suitability analysis of eelgrass Zostera marina L. in the subtidal zone of Xiaoheishan Island

We present a GIS-based habitat suitability index(HSI) model to identify suitable areas for Zostera marina L. restoration in the subtidal zone of Xiaoheishan Island. The controlling factors in the model,in order of importance,are Secchi depth,sediment composition,water temperature,salinity,current velocity,water depth and nutrient quality. Specific factor piecewise functions have been used to transform parameter values into normalized quality indexes. The weight of each factor was defined using expert knowledge and the analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method. All of the data thus obtained were interpolated using the inverse distance weighted(IDW) interpolation method to create maps for the entire region. In this study,the analysis of habitat suitability in the subtidal zone of Xiaoheishan Island was conducted for four seasons. According to the GIS-based HSI model,the optimal habitat of Z ostera marina L. appears in spring,although habitat remains suitable all year round. On the whole,the optimum site for eelgrass restoration is located in the eastern region,followed by the western and southern regions. We believe that the GIS-based HSI model could be a promising tool to select sites for Z ostera marina L. restoration and could also be applicable in other types of habitat evaluation.

Two Concepts of Guide Vane Profile Design for a Low Head Hydraulic Turbine

Two concepts of the guide vanes channels design for a low head hydraulic turbine were investigated using 2D and 3D models. Model 2D was used to generate the geometry of profiles which form a blade channel. After that by means of 3D commercial code （ANSYS/Fluent v. 15）, the designed cascades were examined. The characteristic parameters of compared guide vanes have been presented. The problem of low head hydraulic turbine design is important from the technical point of view for usually not typical environmental circumstances, in which the hydropower plants are planned.

Genetic transformation ofpopulusxeuramericana cv. guariento with chitinase gene

In this paper, populus xeuramericana cv. Guariento was transformed with bean chitinase by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated leaf disc method. Firstly, the leaf explants were pre-cultured at 25℃ for 2d. Secondly, they were infected in Agrobacterium tumefaciens suspension （OD600=0.5） for 20 rain, then were co-cultured for 3d in the dark. Thirdly, the explants were transferred to the selection culture medium （containing Kanamycin 40 mg.L^-1 and Cefotaxime Sodium 800 mg-L1） and incubated at 25℃ until resistance buds formed. Chitinase activity was determined for the positive plants by PCR and PCR-Southern blot hybridization analysis. And, chitinase activity of positive plants was significantly higher than that of control plant, and the highest ratio of activity of NO.4 to that of control was 3.41. It showed that bean chitinase gene had been expressed in the plant genome.

A new species of the genus Farynala Dworakowska(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae:Typhlocybinae)

A new species,Farynala annulata Zhou&Huang sp.nov.,is described and illustrated.A checklist and key to species of the genus Farynala are provided.

Two new species of the leafhopper genus Bhatia and a new combination of the genus Fistulatus(Hemiptera:Cicadellidae:Drabescini)from China

Two new species of the genus Bhatia from China are described:Bhatia parasagittata Lu&Zhang sp.nov.at Mt.Fanjing(Guizhou)and Bhatia loba Lu&Zhang sp.nov.at Tongmo(Tibet).Fistulatus longiradiatus comb.nov.is provided based on the characters of pygofer lobe with a process on caudal margin and fore femur having several stout setae on anterior ventral margin.A checklist and key to all species of Bhatia and Fistulatus respectively are provided.

A SYSTEMATIC STUDY ON THE GENUS PLACIDUS DISTANT (HOMOPTERA:CICADELLIDAE)

Nine species of the leafhopper genus Placidus Distant have been found in the world up to now, of which 4 new species are described from South China in this paper: P. dentatus, sp. nov. from Sichuan Province, P. striolatus, sp. nov. and P. nigrocupuliferous, sp. nov. from Yunnan Province, and P. flosifrontus, sp. nov. from Hunan Province. A key to all the 9 species of this genus is proposed. The type specimens are deposited in the Entomological Museum, Northwest Sci Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling, Shaanxi, except the type specimens of P. dentatus and P. striolatus spp. nov. kept in the Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (IZAS).