爆裂型玉米抽雄后期叶序列特性的研究

爆裂型玉米抽雄后期叶序列特性研究结果表明，玉米叶长、宽及干物重从倒１叶开始依次递升、至果穗叶层达到峰值后，再缓慢下降。叶绿素含量各叶位虽有一定的差异，但无明显规律；分析叶绿素ａ及ｂ的比值，果穗叶层最低。就叶片内叶肉细胞环数而言，低叶位和高叶位的叶片低环数的叶肉细胞比例相对较高，而高环数的叶肉细胞比例较低，果穗叶层六环以上的叶肉细胞比例较高；单位面积上气孔数目具同样规律。

Genetic Diversity of Indocalamus Determined by Chloroplast DNA Sequence

[Objective]The aim was to research the relationship and genetic diversity of Indocalamus.[Method]Using 13 samples of Indocalamus and 3 samples of Sasa as materials,the intergenic regions of trnL-trnF gene in chloroplast were amplified by PCR,and sequence analysis and phylogenetic trees construction were carried out.[Result]Using the universal primer,the intergenic regions of trnL-trnF were amplified,the lengths of the segments varied from 1 008 bp to 1 103 bp,of which 940 bp was compared.The dendrogram of trnL-trnF sequences showed that Indocalamus and Sasa were clustered together and they were homologous by 99%.All the samples were divided into five groups,the first group included 12 samples such as Indosalamus pedalis,I.pumilus,I.victorialis,I.longiauritus,I.tessellatus,Sasa sinica,Sasa pygmaea,I.barbatus,I.guangdongensis,I.herklotsii,I.Hirtivaginatus and S.fortunei.I.decorus,I.lacunosus,I.Latifolius and I.Migoi were respectively divided into four groups.[Conclusion]The high homology of all samples showed the low evolution speed and little information sites which suggested that the phylogeny of Indocalamus could not be well resolved by the intergenic region of trnL-trnF.

Molecular Phylogeny of the Lardizabalaceae Based on TrnL-F Sequences and Combined Chloroplast Data

The molecular phylogeny of the Lardizabalaceae is reconstructed based on chloroplast trn L_F sequences alone and combined trn L_F and rbc L sequences. The phylogenetic topologies agree well with Qin's and Takhtajan's tribal classification in both analyses. Decaisneae and Sinofranchetieae are basal clades in the phylogenetic trees and external to all other taxa in the family. Lardizabaleae consisting of Boquila and Lardizabala are well supported in both trn L_F (100%) analysis and trn L_F and rbc L combined analysis (99%). Tribe Akebieae are strongly supported by a bootstrap value of 100% in both trn L_F analysis and trn L_F and rbc L combined analysis. However, the new genus Archakebia is nested within the genus Akebia in the trn L_F trees. In the combined trees, Archakebia is sister to Akebia with high bootstrap support. The inter_relationships among three closely related genera Parvatia , Holboellia and Stauntonia are still problematic. P. brunoniana ssp. elliptica is sister to H. latifolia in both analyses with low bootstrap support. H. parviflora is nested within the Stauntonia and sister to S. cavalerieana . Therefore, these three genera of tribe Akebieae may not be monophylytic and their generic boundary and delimitation need to be further studied, by exploring more molecular data, together with more morphological characters.

cpSSR: a New Tool to Analyze Chloroplast Genome of Citrus Somatic Hybrids

Chloroplast simple sequence repeat (cpSSR) markers in Citrus were developed and successfully used to analyze chloroplast genome inheritance of Citrus somatic hybrids. Twenty-two previously reported cpSSR primer pairs from pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl.), rice (Otyza sativa L.) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) were tested in Citrus, nine of which could amplify intensive PCR products by agarose gel electrophoresis. Chloroplast genome inheritance of Citrus somatic hybrids from nine fusions was then analyzed, and five of the nine pre-screened primer pairs showed polymorphisms by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results revealed the random inheritance nature of chloroplast genome in all analyzed Citrus somatic hybrids, which was in agreement with previous reports based on RFLP or CAPS analyses. It was also shown that cpSSR is a more efficient tool in chloroplast genome analyses of somatic hybrids in higher plants, compared with the conventional RFLP or CAPS analyses.

Effects of Freezing Disaster on Green-up Date of Vegetation Using MODIS/EVI Time Series Data

In the field of global changes, the relationship between plant phenology and climate, which reflects the response of terrestrial ecosystem to global climate change, has become a key subject that is highly concerned. Using the moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer (MODIS)/enhanced vegetation index(EVI) collected every eight days during January- July from 2005 to 2008 and the corresponding remote sensing data as experimental materials, we constructed cloud-free images via the Harmonic analysis of time series (HANTS). The cloud-free images were then treated by dynamic threshold method for obtaining the vegetation phenology in green up period and its distribution pattern. And the distribution pattern between freezing disaster year and normal year were comparatively analyzed for revealing the effect of freezing disaster on vegetation phenology in experimental plot. The result showed that the treated EVI data performed well in monitoring the effect of freezing disaster on vegetation phenology, accurately reflecting the regions suffered from freezing disaster. This result suggests that processing of remote sensing data using HANTS method could well monitor the ecological characteristics of vegetation.

Molecular Characterization of a Chinese Soybean Mosaic Virus Isolate by RT_PCR, cDNA Sequence Analysis and Direct Expression of PCR Products in Bacteria

Soybean mosaic virus (SMV) causes one of the most severe viral diseases in soybean ( Glycine max L.) and is known to contain many pathogenically and serologically related isolates. In the present study, the authors have obtained cDNAs to all cistrons of a Chinese SMV isolate, SMV_ZK, by RT_PCR. By analysing the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the HC_PRO, NIb and CP cistrons, it was found that SMV_ZK was highly homologous to the G2 strain of SMV, thus confirming the existence of G2_like isolates in soybean crop in China. The amplified cDNAs were directly cloned into a bacterial expression vector. With the exception of the P3 cistron, expression of the cDNAs of all other cistrons in bacteria gave rise to polypeptides of expected molecular weight. The expressed viral proteins were subsequently purified by gel elution. The preparation of viral_specific cDNAs and gene products will be useful in future functional study of the SMV genome.

A RIEMANN-TYPE DEFINITION OF N-TH CESARO-PERRON INTEGRALS

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Sequence and phylogenetic analyses of the chloroplast 16S rRNA, tufA, and rbcL genes from Bryopsis hypnoides

Using shotgun sequencing data, the complete sequences of chloroplast 16S rRNA and tufA genes were acquired from native specimens of Bryopsis hypnoides (Qingdao, China). There are two group I introns in the 16S rRNA gene, which is structurally similar to that of Caulerpa sertularioides (Bryopsidales, Chlorophyta). The chloroplast-encoded tufA gene sequence is 1 230 bp long, very AT-rich (61.5%), and is similar to previously published 16S rRNA sequences of bryopsidinean algae. Phylogenetic analyses based on chloroplast 16S rRNA and tufA gene sequence data support previous hypotheses that the Bryopsidineae, Halimedineae, and Ostreobidineae are three distinct lineages. These results also confirmed the exclusion of Avrainvillea from the family Udoteaceae. Phylogenetic analyses inferred that the genus Bryopsis as sister to Derbesia; however, this clade lacked robust nodal support. Moreover, the phylogenetic tree inferred from rbcL GenBank sequences, combined with the geographical distributions of Bryopsis species, identified a strongly supportive clade for three differently distributed Asian Bryopsis species. The preliminary results suggesting that these organisms are of distinct regional endemism.

Ulva and Enteromorpha(Ulvaceae,Chlorophyta) from two sides of the Yellow Sea:analysis of nuclear rDNA ITS and plastid rbcL sequence data

Ulvacean green seaweeds are common worldwide;they formed massive green tides in the Yellow Sea in recent years,which caused marine ecological problems as well as a social issue.We investigated two major genera of the Ulvaceae,Ulva and Enteromorpha,and collected the plastid rbcL and nuclear ITS sequences of specimens of the genera in two sides of the Yellow Sea and analyzed them.Phylogenetic trees of rbcL data show the occurrence of five species of Enteromorpha(E.compressa,E.flexuosa,E.intestinalis,E.linza and E.prolifera) and three species of Ulva(U.pertusa,U.rigida and U.ohnoi).However,we found U.ohnoi,which is known as a subtropical to tropical species,at two sites on Jeju Island,Korea.Four ribotypes in partial sequences of 5.8S rDNA and ITS2 from E.compressa were also found.Ribotype network analysis revealed that the common ribotype,occurring in China,Korea and Europe,is connected with ribotypes from Europe and China/Japan.Although samples of the same species were collected from both sides of the Yellow Sea,intraspecific genetic polymorphism of each species was low among samples collected worldwide.

Emergence of a new satellite RNA from cucumber mosaic virus isolate P1

The cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) isolate P1 caused very mild symptoms on many plant species. After serial passages by mechanical inoculation over five years, CMV P1 caused severe symptoms on several tobacco cultivars and tomato. A specific band of approximately 0.3 kb in length was amplified by RT PCR with primers synthesized based on reported CMV satellite RNA (satRNA) sequences. Sequence analysis showed there were two satRNAs (Sat P1 1 and Sat P1 2). Sat P1 1 contained 335 nucleotides, and Sat P1 2 contained 394 nucleotides. These two satRNAs shared 64% overall nucleotide sequence homology, and differences between the two satRNAs included mutations as well as deletions. Sat P1 1 was identical to a satRNA (Z96099) reported in 1995 in CMV P1. Based on differences in the sequence and secondary structure between these two satRNAs, we conclude that Sat P1 2 represents the emergence of a new satellite (necrotic satellite) from attenuated satRNA populations. The possible effect of the emergence of this new satRNA is discussed.

Estimation of structural modal parameters by fourier transform with an optimal window

An adaptive Fourier Transform （FT） with an optimal window has been proposed for the time-frequency analysis of nonstationary time series. The method allows for a good estimation of both frequency and amplitude of the spectrum and can be easily applied to the general case of time-varying signals. The evaluation of the proposed approach has been performed on measured time-varying signals from a suspension bridge model and a steel frame model whose data have the typical non-stationary characteristics. The numerical results show that the proposed approach can overcome some of the difficulties encountered in the classic Fourier transform technique and can achieve higher computation accuracy.

Time-series gas prediction model using LS-SVR within a Bayesian framework

The traditional least squares support vector regression（LS-SVR）model,using cross validation to determine the regularization parameter and kernel parameter,is time-consuming.We propose a Bayesian evidence framework to infer the LS-SVR model parameters.Three levels Bayesian inferences are used to determine the model parameters,regularization hyper-parameters and tune the nuclear parameters by model comparison.On this basis,we established Bayesian LS-SVR time-series gas forecasting models and provide steps for the algorithm.The gas outburst data of a Hebi 10th mine working face is used to validate the model.The optimal embedding dimension and delay time of the time series were obtained by the smallest differential entropy method.Finally,within a MATLAB7.1 environment,we used actual coal gas data to compare the traditional LS-SVR and the Bayesian LS-SVR with LS-SVMlab1.5 Toolbox simulation.The results show that the Bayesian framework of an LS-SVR significantly improves the speed and accuracy of the forecast.

Structural Analysis of Chloroplast rbcL Gene from Grape (Vitis vinifera L.)

The 3.1 kb BamHI fragment containing the chloroplast rbcL gene from grape (Vitis vinifera L) hasbeen cloned and its restriction map and nucleotide sequence determined. The complete nucleotidesequence is 20O4 bp long with a coding sequence of 1428 bp, which cncode a polypeptide of 475amino acids with a predicted molecular weight of 53 kd. The 5' upstream sequence including theputative promoter is 358 bp, with a -10 sequence (TAAAAT), a -35 sequence (TTGCGC) and theSD sequence (GGAGG). The 218 bp long 3' downstream sequence contains three transcription stem-loop tendnation structures. The homologies of this gene with those of tobacco, petunia, spinach,alfalfa, rice and maise are 91.5%, 91.4% 90.2%, 89.8%, 86.3% and 84.5% respectively while thehomologies between their putative polypeptide sequences are 92.2% 91.6%, 92.2%, 93.7%, 93.5%and 90.1% respectively.

Chromosomal localization of a tandemly repeated DNA sequence in Trifolium repens L

A karyotype of Trifolium repens constructed from mitotic cells revealed 13 pairs of metacentric and 3 pairs of submetacentric chromosomes including a pair of satellites located at the end of the short arm of chromosome 16.C-bands were identified around the centromeric regions of 8 pairs of chromosomes. A 350 bp tandemly repeated DNA sequence from T. repens labelled with digoxygenin hybridized to the proximal centromeric regions of 12 chromosome pairs. Some correlation between the distribution of the repeat sequence and the distribution of C-banding was demonstrated.

Development of Instrument Control System Using Biosignals Created by the Change of Eyes Movement Sequence

A new biosi gn al control system that offers the disables the opportunities to control electric appliances is proposed.The four types of signals created by the eyes movements in four directions(up,down,left,and right),which are taken as four basic signals , are detected at the forehead.Permutation of 2 signals out of them creates 16 d ifferent signals.Permutation of 3 signals out of them creates 64 signals.They al l amounts to 84 control signals.They are thought to be applicable for the operat ion of some instruments.Furthermore,the dynamic biosignals created by the slow e yes movement is speculated to be applicable for the more convenient control of t hem.

PCR Amplification，Cloning and Sequencing of RbcL Coding Region in Mesophyll Cell and Bundle Sheath Cell of Sorghum（Sorghum bicolor L．）

The Primacy question addressed in our study is: Is the difterntial expression of rbcL gene in mesophyll cells and in bundle sheath cells related to the sequence of the gene per se?An enzymatic approach was fist established to separate the two groups of cells. Microscopic examination revealed satisfactory separation effect: minimal mutual contamination was found so that no mistake might be introduced into biochemical or molecular biological expeitments using such preparations. CpDNA were isolated from mesophyll cells and from bundle sheath cells and coding region of rbcL gene was obtained from each by PCR ampilfication.Cloning and sequencing were then done on them.Compartive analysis , however, revealed identical sequence, with a length of 1,368 bp, encoding 456 amino acids. Since sequences of the non-coding regions of rbcL gene in masephyll sad bundle sheath have not been obtained, it can not yet be concluded that the differential expression is not related to the sequence itself. Nevertheless,It sesems justifiable to infer that whatever difference there may be between the sequences of rbcL gene in two groups of cells can only be found in the non-coding regions(including promoter and the 3' down stream region).

Rainfall Forecasting Using Fourier Series

The need for accurate rainfall prediction is readily apparent when considering many benefits in which such information would provide for river control, reservoir operation, forestry interests, flood mitigation, etc.. Due to importance of rainfall in many aspects, studies on rainfall forecast have been conducted since a few decades ago. Although many methods have been introduced, all the researches describe the study as complex because it involves numerous variables and still need to be improved. Nowadays, there are various traditional techniques and mathematical models available, yet, there are no result on which method provide the most reliable estimation. AR （auto-regressive）, ARMA （auto-regressive moving average）, ARIMA （auto-regressive integrated moving average） and ANNs （artificial neural networks） were introduced as a useful and efficient tool for modeling and forecasting. The conventional time series provide reasonable accuracy but suffer from the assumptions of stationary and linearity. The concept of neurons was introduced first which then developed to ANNs with back propagation training algorithm. Although certain ANNs） models are equivalent to time series model, but it is limited to short term forecasting. This Paper presents a mathematical approach for rainfall forecasting for Iran on monthly basic. The model is trained for monthly rainfall forecasting and tested to evaluate the performance of the model. The result Shows reasonably good accuracy for monthly rainfall forecasting.

Complete chloroplast genome sequence of Magnolia grandiflora and comparative analysis with related species

Magnolia grandiflora is an important medicinal, ornamental and horticultural plant species. The chloroplast （cp） genome of M. grandiflora was sequenced using a 454 sequencing platform and the genome structure was compared with other related species. The complete cp genome ofM. grandiflora was 159623 bp in length and contained a pair of inverted repeats （IR） of 26563 bp separated by large and small single copy （LSC, SSC） regions of 87757 and 18740 bp, respectively. A total of 129 genes were successfully annotated, 18 of which included introns. The identity, number and GC content of M. grandiflora cp genes were similar to those of other Magnoliaceae species genomes. Analysis revealed 218 simple sequence repeat （SSR） loci, most composed of A or T, contributing to a bias in base composition. The types and abundances of repeat units in Magnoliaceae species were relatively conserved and these loci will be useful for developing M. grandiflora cp genome vectors. In addition, results indicated that the cp genome size in Magnoliaceae species and the position of the IR border were closely related to the length of the ycfl gene. Phylogenetic analyses based on 66 shared genes from 30 species using maximum parsimony （MP） and max- imum likelihood （ML） methods provided strong support for the phylogenetic position of Magnolia. The availability of the complete cp genome sequence of M. grandiflora provides valuable information for breeding of desirable varieties, cp genetic engineering, developing useful molecular markers and phylogenetic analyses in Magnoliaceae.

On temporal-spatial distribution of backscatter coefficients over China determined by TOPEX/Poseidon mission

This paper deals with the backscatter coefficients known as sigma0 at Ku band and C band based on the GDR-M (Merged Geophysical Data Record) of TOPEX/Poseidon (T/P) through Jan.1993 to Dec.2004 over land surface of China.After smoothing and interpolating the backscatter coefficients for both bands, we achieve the 5′×5′ grid data and the time series of backscatter coefficients in 12 years.The spatial distribution of sigma0 over typical areas (wetland, desert, mountainous area, agriculture base, etc.) of Chinese territory is analyzed and discussed.The fast Fourier transformation (FFT) is used to detect the cycles of seasonal variations of sigma0 time series and gives that the annual period is the major cycle.Meanwhile a semiannual period is also found in some places.We use the least squares method on both periods and find that the amplitude of annual period is obviously greater than that of semi-annual period.The relationship among the anomalousness of time series, variations of environment and climate change, and the serious natural calamity (flood, drought) is also discussed.Data of topography slope extracted from SRTM are used to do correlation analysis with the backscatter coefficients in parts of China to quantify the impact of slope on backscatter coefficients in Ku and C bands, and the results show that they all have a negative correlation but the magnitudes are different in different places with different coverages.Such as the area of Liaoning and Jilin has the maximum correlation -0.56, the Taklimakan Desert has the minimum correlation -0.11, and the other places commonly have correlations in (-0.3, -0.5).

The HAUSDORFF DIMENSION AND MEASURE OF THE GENERALIZED MORAN FRACTALS AND FOURIER SERIES

This paper studies the Hausdorff dimensions, the Hausdorff measures of generalized Moranfrontals and the convergence of the Fourier series of functions defined on some generalizedMoran fractals. A general formula is given for the calculatinn of the Hausdorff dimensions ofgeneralized Moran fractals and it is proved that their Hausdorff measures are finite positivenumbers under some conditions. In addition, the authors define an orthonormal system offunctions defilled on generalized Moran s-sets (gMs) and discuss the convergence of the Fourierseries, with respect to of each function f(x) E L1(gMs, Hs).