叶放基于复合病机理论辨治“多病杂陈”状态临床经验

临床广泛存在"多病杂陈"状态,此类疾病多病情复杂,不同疾病之间互相影响,病性上多虚多实:既有虚实错杂、寒热错杂,又有上下错杂、内外错杂,病理因素之间互相转化,复合为患,属于"复合病机"范畴,专科医生在治疗上往往难以兼顾。叶放教授主张应从整体上把握辨证论治的灵活性,基于国医大师周仲瑛教授内科疑难病症"复合病机理论",擅长采用病机辨证方法,临证在明确多种疾病轻重缓急的基础上,首辨病性之虚实、寒热,次辨涉及脏腑病位和病理因素,再进一步分析其标本主次,采用"复法制方"疗效较为满意,故总结其治疗验案三则以供参考。

画家叶放：雅活之人的雅扇之趣

走进画家叶放的会客室，就像在一个小型的博物馆里徜徉，身边每一样东西都可以慢慢细品：崎岖嶙峋的远古阴沉木，共鸣效果的秦汉空心琴砖，用竹子雕成火柴棒大小的清竹簧对联，兼具下棋、打麻将等多功能的清初棋桌，曾任“定海知府”的外高曾毕诒策留下的书画……另外，还有两个用珍贵的铁力木做的扇匣，是叶放专门请人定做，用来存放扇子的。

真正的时尚具有强烈的人文特质——叶放：风雅苏州应该是真正的时尚之都

苏州人懂生活、会生活。然而，在苏州走向现代化的过程中，成为“都市动物”的人越来越多，他们逐渐迷失生活的目的，不知道到底要追求什么，于是便把财富当成了唯一目的，追求享乐，攀比浪费，让自己成了一个只是为他人而活着的人。 本刊策划的周年特别报道之二，通过解读几位苏州知名人士的品质生活观，希冀我们在无趣生活中寻找有趣，把握现代生活的节奏，找回许多久违的幸福。

茶叶放进鞋子以后

生活中不少人在喝茶的时候，一包茶叶仅仅泡上几次就被倒进了下水道，其实，对于茶叶可以进行二次利用。泡过几次茶水的茶叶，虽说其功效没有新鲜的茶叶那么大，但是，还是有不少用武之地的。

叶放作品

1962年生，毕业于苏州工艺美术学院，现为国家二级美术师，中国美术家协会会员，苏州国画院专职画师。

叶放 建座园子自己玩

他觉得自己是一块太湖石，放在别的地方，只是建筑材料，只有放在园子里，才是假山；他又觉得自己是一棵石榴树，放在别的地方，只是绿化，只有放在园子里。才是风景。

Soil carbon dioxide fluxes of a typical broad-leaved/Korean pine mixed forest in Changbai Mountain, China

The forest ecosystem plays an important role in the global carbon cycling. A study was conducted to evaluate soil CO2 flux and its seasonal and diurnal variation with the air and soil temperatures by using static closed chamber technique in a typical broad-leaved/Korean pine mixed forest area on the northern slope of Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province, China. The experiment was carried out through the day and night in the growing season (from June to September) in situ and sample gas was analyzed by a gas chromatograph. Results showed that the forest floor was a large net source of carbon, and soil CO2 fluxes had an obvi-ous law of seasonal and diel variation. The soil CO2 flux of broad-leaved/Korean pine mixed forest was in the range of 0.302.42 mmol穖-2穝-1 with the mean value of 0.98 mmol穖-2穝-1. An examination on the seasonal pattern of soil CO2 emission suggested that the variability in soil CO2 flux could be correlated with variations in soil temperature, and the maximum of mean CO2 flux occurred in July ((1.27±23%) mmol穖-2穝-1) and the minimum was in September ((0.50±28%) mmol穖-2穝-1). The fluctuations in diel soil CO2 flux were also correlated with changes in soil temperature; however, there existed a factor for a time lag. Soil CO2 flux from the forest floor was strongly related to soil temperature and had the highest correlation with temperature at 6-cm depth of soil. Q10 values based on air temperature and soil temperature of different soil depths were at the ranges of 2.09–3.40.

16校友画展尽现春华秋实

2008年11月13日，阳光灿烂的午后，工艺美术职业技术学院的美术馆内高朋满座，文化界名流齐齐到场，一场名为《春华秋实》1979年后校友16人中国画展，正在这里拉开序幕。徐惠泉、叶放、夏回、茹峰、陈危冰……一位位耳熟能详的画家，一张张经过岁月洗炼后的容颜，早已蜕去往日的青涩，展现出一派大家的风仪。

Modification of larch wood by intensive microwave irradiation

The larch wood was treated by microwave irradiation under different radiant intensity and treating duration. The microwave-treated wood specimens together with the un-treated for comparison were impregnated by water in pressure vessel and then tested for permeability, mechanical properties and microstructure change by SEM to study the modification performance of microwave treatment on larch wood. The results showed that under suitable conditions of microwave treatment the permeability of larch wood was improved without noticeable decreasing of the modulus of rupture （MOR） and the modulus of elasticity （MOE）. The radial parenchyma and some pit membrane were ruptured, and tiny cracks were formed in the cell walls. The formation of tiny cracks in the cell walls serves as man-made channels of gas and liquid and this contribute to improve the permeability of the wood.

Evaluation of Spectral Scale Effects in Estimation of Vegetation Leaf Area Index Using Spectral Indices Methods

Spectral index methodology has been widely used in Leaf Area Index(LAI) retrieval at different spatial scales. There are differences in the spectral response of different remote sensors and thus spectral scale effect generated during the use of spectral indices to retrieve LAI. In this study, PROSPECT, leaf optical properties model and Scattering by Arbitrarily Inclined Layers(SAIL) model, were used to simulate canopy spectral reflectance with a bandwidth of 5 nm and a Gaussian spectral response function was employed to simulate the spectral data at six bandwidths ranging from 10 to 35 nm. Additionally, for bandwidths from 5 to 35 nm, the correlation between the spectral index and LAI, and the sensitivities of the spectral index to changes in LAI and bandwidth were analyzed. Finally, the reflectance data at six bandwidths ranging from 40 to 65 nm were used to verify the spectral scale effect generated during the use of the spectral index to retrieve LAI. Results indicate that Vegetation Index of the Universal Pattern Decomposition(VIUPD) had the highest accuracy during LAI retrieval. Followed by Normalized Difference Vegetation Index(NDVI), Modified Simple Ratio Indices(MSRI) and Triangle Vegetation Index(TVI), although the coefficient of determination R^2 was higher than 0.96, the retrieved LAI values were less than the actual value and thus lacked validity. Other spectral indices were significantly affected by the spectral scale effect with poor retrieval results. In this study, VIUPD, which exhibited a relatively good correlation and sensitivity to LAI, was less affected by the spectral scale effect and had a relatively good retrieval capability. This conclusion supports a purported feature independent of the sensor of this model and also confirms the great potential of VIUPD for retrieval of physicochemical parameters of vegetation using multi-source remote sensing data.

Effect of water stress on N_2O emission rate of 5 tree species

The N2O emission rates, photosynthesis, respiration and stomatal conductance of the dominant tree species from broadleaf/Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain were measured by simulated water stress with the closed bag-gas chromatography. A total of five species seedlings were involved in this study, i.e.,Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc,Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr,Juglans mandshurica Maxim,Tilia amurensis Rupr, andQuercus mongolica Fisch. ex Turcz.. The results showed that the stomatal conductance, net photosynthetic rate and N2O emission of leaves were significantly reduced under the water stress. The stoma in the leaves of trees is the main pathway of N2O emission. N2O emission in the trees mainly occurred during daytime. N2O emission rates were different in various tree specie seedlings at the same water status. In the same tree species, N2O emission rates decreased as the reduction of soil water contents. At different soil water contents (MW, LW) the N2O emission rates ofPinus koraiensis decreased by 34.43% and 100.6% of those in normal water condition, respectively. In broadleaf arbor decreased by 31.93% and 86.35%, respectively. Under different water stresses N2O emission rates in five tree species such asPinus koraiensis, Fraxinus mandshurica, Juglans mandshurica, Tilia amurensis, andQuercus mongolica were 38.22, 14.44, 33.02, 16.48 and 32.33 ngN2O·g?1DW·h?1, respectively. Keywords Trees - N2O emission rate - Soil water stress - broadleaf/Korean pine forest - Changbai Mountain CLC number S718.55 Document code A Foundation item: This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30271068), the grant of the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZ-CX-SW-01-01B-10), and the Special Funds for Major State Basic Research Program of China (No. G1999043407)Biography: Wang Miao (1964-), male, associate professor in Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang 110016, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Song Funan

A New Strain of Entomopathogenic Bacillus of the Tea Pest, Eterusia magnifica （Butl.） （Zyganiidae： Lepidoptera） from Darjeeling Foothill Region of India

An entomopathogenic strain of Bacillus sp. was isolated from diseased red slug caterpillars of the leaf-feediug pest of tea, Eterusia magnifica, from the Darjeeling foothill region. Analysis of the bacterimn based on polyphasic approach such as growth phase, biochemical tests, whole body＂ protein, crystal protein profiles along with bioassay （i.e. LC50 and LT50 values） established it as a different strain but close to Bacillus thuringiensis kurstaki （Btk）, the commercial microbial pesticides of lepidopterans. Among biochemical parameters differences were noted between the new strain and Btk in ONPG, lysine decarboxylase, omithin decarboxylase, urease, nitrate reduction, V-P and glucose utilization tests. PAGE analysis of the whole body protein for the new strain recorded a 34 kDa band which was absent in Btk （used as reference）. Crystal protein profile of the newly isolated bacterial strain showed 53 and 49 kDa bands whereas in Btk only 52 kDa band was evident. Although the LC50 values of the new strain and Btk were close, their LT50 values were much different, the new strain showing a lower value than Btk. In light of the above differences and in absence of any report of entomopathogenic bacterial strain of E. magnifica, the isolated strain of Bacillus appeared to be new to science and hence was designated as RS01. The new strain opens up the possibility of its futttre use as microbial pesticide after standardizing its formulation and checking its safety aspects.

White Mulberry （Morus alba） Foliage as a Feeding Supplement for Growing Calves

The aim of this study was to evaluate the feed consumption and weight gain in calves fed with a nutritional block made of white mulberry （Morus alba） for a 90-day-period, involving dry season months （March-May） in Tuxpan, Veracruz, Mexico. A total of 45 growing Zebu x Swiss calves with an average weight of 200 kg were assigned randomly in three groups of 15 animals, and the following treatments of nutritional block were offered to each group： grazing animals （To）, grazing animals plus nutritious block with white mulberry （T1）, and grazing animals plus nutritious block without white mulberry （T2）. A consumption of 0.545 kg/d from block in treatment T1 was observed, significantly improving calves growing and showing a weight gain of 0.933 kg/d. Use of white mulberry in nutritional blocks is a good alternative for growing calves, as a feeding strategy given the seasonality of pasture production in the tropics.

吃什么，又如何吃？

初冬时节，我去了苏州，拜访苏州国画院的画家叶放先生。去叶家。不为看画而是谈吃。叶放先生兴致来时，会招呼几位好友、知己，来一场文人雅集，或船宴或花宴，宛若古风再现。叶放的外高曾祖父，是毕勋阁，清朝同光年间的定海知府，后辞官回苏州，建了一座毕同安居。

Unsteady Flow at Low Flow-rate Region in a Semi-open Propeller Fan (Velocity Fluctuation outside of Blade Tip)

In order to clarify the unsteady flow fields at low flow-rate region with positive gradient on pressure-flow-rate curve,the experimental investigation was carried out at rotor inlet and outside of rotor blade tip without casing in a semi-opened propeller fan using a hot-wire anemometer.A single I-type hot-wire probe was used,and the data obtained were processed by the use of phase-locked averaging,ensemble averaging and FFT analyzing.The flow fields at rotor inlet and outside of rotor blade tip were discussed mainly using the results from distributions of velocity fluctuations and power spectrum density.It was found from these results that there are the two types of different periodical fluctuations and both of those frequencies were not the same of rotor rotating frequency(RRF;15Hz).One was observed at relatively high flow-rate region at relatively downstream area in measurement and its frequency was approximately 7Hz(47% of RRF).The other was observed at relatively low flow-rate region at relatively upstream area in measurement and its frequency was approximately 10Hz(67% of RRF)".As the velocity fluctuations with the flow fields are rapidly increased by the former fluctuation,it is thought that its fluctuation is the trigger of blade stall.