级环境下叶片表面粗糙度对压气机气动性能的影响

采用数值方法,在压气机级环境下研究了叶片表面粗糙度对压气机内部流场及特性参数的影响.结果表明,叶片粗糙度对压气机的主要性能参数影响明显;随着叶片粗糙度的增大,压气机级性能衰减加剧,叶轮叶片表面粗糙度增加到100μm以上时,在近失速工况下压气机的总压比和等熵效率下降达10%以上,压气机内气流能量损失增大,尤其是靠近叶轮前缘中上部的气流能量损失严重,同时引起叶片端壁温度升高.

矿用对旋风机气固两相流磨损特性

为探索对旋风机在矿井含尘环境中叶片的磨损情况,以及颗粒长久性磨损造成叶片表面粗糙度增加的后果,基于SST k-ω湍流模型和Finnie磨损模型,利用多相流求解技术对FBD No.6.3矿用对旋式局部通风机进行气固两相流数值模拟,分析不同颗粒浓度和粒径条件下叶片磨损分布特征,探究叶片表面粗糙度对风机内部流场和整机性能的影响。结果表明:气固两相流场内颗粒浓度对叶片磨损率的影响较大,磨损率随浓度的增加而增大;叶片表面粗糙度的均匀和非均匀分布形式导致前缘和尾缘不同程度的能量耗散,在进行对旋风机气固两相非定常流动特性的分析时,应采用粗糙度非均匀分布的方法真实反映叶片粗糙度变化的影响;风机性能随叶片粗糙度的增大而降低,大流量工况下的影响更为显著,但随工作时间的增长,叶片表面粗糙度均匀性提高,流场恶化情况减缓。因此,适时修复或更换磨损叶片,有利于风机安全高效运行。

高压压气机性能老化预测和影响分析

以高压压气机为例,确定效率和流量损失作为性能衰退分析的主要因素。得到叶片粗糙度引起的效率和流量损失变化规律,利用神经网络建立并验证其对应关系。提出运用主成分分析将两个中间变量转化成单一变量,通过引入性能衰退综合指数,建立飞行循环数与叶片粗糙度的函数关系。利用时间序列三次指数平滑方法对性能衰退进行预测,效果较好。将高压压气机性能衰退计算模型引入到发动机稳态计算模型中修正部件特性,得到对高压涡轮性能的影响。所得结论对发动机性能衰退预测和研究具有一定的参考价值。

低雷诺数下高负荷轴流压气机表面粗糙度流动调控机制

以某1.5级高负荷轴流压气机为研究对象,采用经过校核的数值模拟手段详细探究了低雷诺数下表面粗糙度对其气动性能及内部流场的影响。结果表明:相比于光滑叶片,表面粗糙度为137.8时压气机性能提升最为明显,总压比、堵塞流量以及峰值效率分别提升4.01%、2.24%、5.34%。在整个表面粗糙度大小范围内,表面粗糙度布置在吸力面前缘至50%轴向位置时对分离、转捩的调控效果较好,能够较大限度地提升低雷诺数下压气机的气动性能。表面粗糙度通过促进转捩、抑制层流分离以及改变速度和静压分布来改善压气机流场和气动特性,同时一定程度上恶化了后面级的级间匹配关系,造成静子叶根处分离提前,角区分离加剧,限制了压气机整体气动性能的进一步提高。

A study on performance influences of airfoil aerodynamic parameters and evaluation indicators for the roughness sensitivity on wind turbine blade

The roughness increase on horizontal axis wind turbine(HAWT) blade surface,especially on the leading edge,can lead to an aerodynamic performance degradation of blade and power output loss of HAWT,so roughness sensitivity is an important factor for the HAWT blade design.However,there is no criterion for evaluating roughness sensitivity of blade currently.In this paper,the performance influences of airfoil aerodynamic parameters were analyzed by the blade element momentum(BEM) method and 1.5 MW wind turbine blade.It showed that airfoil lift coefficient was the key parameter to the power output and axial thrust of HAWT.Moreover,the evaluation indicators of roughness sensitivity for the different spanwise airfoils of the pitch-regulated HAWT blade were proposed.Those respectively were the lift-to-drag ratio and lift coefficient without feedback system,the maximum lift-to-drag ratio and design lift coefficient with feedback system for the airfoils at outboard section of blade,and lift coefficient without feedback,maximum lift coefficient with feedback for the airfoils at other sections under the pitch-fixed and variable-speed operation.It is not necessary to consider the roughness when HWAT can be regulated to the rated power output by the pitch-regulated and invariable-speed operation.

An Experimental Study of Separation Control on Ultra-Highly-Loaded Low Pressure Turbine Blade by Surface Roughness

An experimental study is conducted to improve an aft-loaded ultra-high-lift low pressure turbine(LPT) blade at low Reynolds number(Re) in steady state. The objective is to investigate the effect of blade roughness on the performance of LPT blade. The roughness is used as a passive flow control method which is to reduce total pressure loss and expand LPT operating margin. The experiment is performed on a low-speed cascade facility. 3 roughness heights and 3 deposit positions are investigated in the experiment which forms a large test matrix. A three-hole probe is used to detect flow aerodynamic performance and a hotwire probe is used to detect the characteristic of suction boundary layer. Regional roughness can suppress separation loss and bring fairly low turbulent dissipation loss. Detailed surveys near the blade surface shows that the loss reduction is due to the disappearance of separation bubble from the early transition onset.

Combined Experimental and Numerical Investigations on the Roughness Effects on the Aerodynamic Performances of LPT Blades

The aerodynamic performance of a high-load low-pressure turbine blade cascade has been analyzed for three different distributed surface roughness levels(Ra) for steady and unsteady inflows. Results from CFD simulations and experiments are presented for two different Reynolds numbers(300000 and 70000 representative of take-off and cruise conditions, respectively) in order to evaluate the roughness effects for two typical operating conditions. Computational fluid dynamics has been used to support and interpret experimental results, analyzing in detail the flow field on the blade surface and evaluating the non-dimensional local roughness parameters, further contributing to understand how and where roughness have some influence on the aerodynamic performance of the blade. The total pressure distributions in the wake region have been measured by means of a five-hole miniaturized pressure probe for the different flow conditions, allowing the evaluation of profile losses and of their dependence on the surface finish, as well as a direct comparison with the simulations. Results reported in the paper clearly highlight that only at the highest Reynolds number tested(Re=300000) surface roughness have some influence on the blade performance, both for steady and unsteady incoming flows. In this flow condition profile losses grow as the surface roughness increases, while no appreciable variations have been found at the lowest Reynolds number. The boundary layer evolution and the wake structure have shown that this trend is due to a thickening of the suction side boundary layer associated to an anticipation of transition process. On the other side, no effects have been observed on the pressure side boundary layer.